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Aid Organisations and Prison Ministry in Communist Poland and Their Role in the Resocialisation of Prisoners after 1980

100%

Kudlak G., Zimny M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

2018

vol. 118

This article traces the history of penitentiary and post-penitentiary practices by churches (primarily Catholic) and social aid organizations in Poland. The involvement of churches and social organizations in prisoner assistance began, partly underground, during the period of the Polish partitions, and took on formal roles and structures during the Second Republic of Poland (1918–39). However, beginning with the Second World War and until the year 1980 the earlier practice of ministry in prisons was significantly limited. The Nazi and Soviet hostile attitude towards religion was continued and in some ways exacerbated during the period of communist governments in Poland, when the function of prison chaplain as well as prison chapels themselves were liquidated, and all that officially remained of the conduct of religious services in prisons was the administration of last sacraments to prisoners about to be executed or terminally ill. During this period the church’s support for prisoners was mostly limited to that offered by clergymen who were themselves inmates. The role of prison ministry and social aid organisations in both penitentiary and post-penitentiary work was revived following the strikes, and consequent mass arrests, which took place in August 1980. The new scope and dimension of prison ministry began with the re-instatement of the function of prison chaplain and has evolved in recent decades to the point where today prison chaplains and church ministries, working alongside non-governmental aid organizations, have become an indispensable part of both the administration of prisons as well as post-penitentiary supervision and assistance.

Duszpasterstwo ewangelickie w więzieniu elbląskim w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

72%

Zawadzki W.

Zapiski Historyczne

2018

vol. 83

issue 2

85-106

From the mid-19th century there took place important changes in the German judicial system including the prison system, which was to lead to the resocialization and returning prisoners to social life. An essential element of those actions was the regular pastoral care, the introduction of full-time chaplains to prisons, teaching and religious education of juvenile criminals, the promotion of reading and the integration of former prisoners with their family and local community. All those actions were consistently introduced from the mid-19th century also in the prison of Elbląg. The article presents the complicated beginnings of the Evangelical prison ministry in Elbląg, the figures of chaplains, methods of pastoral influence and aims and the composition of Verein zur Fürsorge für entlassene Sträflinge im Elbinger Kreise set up in 1873.

Seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts kam es zu wesentlichen Veränderungen in der deutschen Justiz, darunter auch im Gefängniswesen, das zur Resozialisierung und zur Rückkehr von Gefangenen in das gesellschaftliche Leben führen sollte. Wichtige Elemente bei diesen Bemühungen waren eine regelmäßige Seelsorge, die Einführung von festangestellten Pfarrern in den Gefängnissen, religiöse Lehre und Erziehung für jugendliche Straftäter, die Förderung des Lesens sowie die Hilfe für frühere Gefangene bei der Integration in die Familie und in die örtliche Gesellschaft. All diese Aktivitäten wurden seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts auch im Gefängnis in Elbing konsequent unternommen. Der Artikel präsentiert die komplizierten Anfänge der evangelischen Gefängnisseelsorge in Elbing, die Persönlichkeiten der Pfarrer, die Methoden der seelsorgerischen Einwirkung sowie die Ziele und die personelle Zusammensetzung des 1873 gegründeten Vereins zur Fürsorge für entlassene Sträflinge im Elbinger Kreise.

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1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Zapiski Historyczne

1 Kudlak G.

1 Zawadzki W.

1 Zimny M.

2 2018

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Aid Organisations and Prison Ministry in Communist Poland and Their Role in the Resocialisation of Prisoners after 1980

Duszpasterstwo ewangelickie w więzieniu elbląskim w drugiej połowie XIX wieku