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Trade Flows between Czech Republic and East Asia

100%
Tseng S.-M.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2013
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
146-158
EN
Since 2005, Czech Republic has succeeded in transforming its economy through international trade surplus. However, Czech Republic’s trade deficits with East Asia are burgeoning, not only in China but also in other East Asian countries. This study provides an insight into Czech Republic’s import/export performance in East Asia during 1999-2011. In this study, the geographic concentration of trade, on a macro view, is adapted to highlight Czech Republic’s new regional market of East Asia in contrast with its trade expansion in the world. In consideration of the general development of world trade, the probability model of trade flows, on a micro view, is employed to investigate Czech Republic’s trade flows of East Asian countries. The result suggests that Czech Republic is bound to encounter continuing trade imbalance with East Asia. Nevertheless, Czech Republic’s trade geographic concentration in East Asia has the potential to relax.
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Probability Prognosis of the States of Results during Volleyball Match Sets

88%
Anioł M., Wagner W., Academy of Physical Education P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
2003
|
vol. 164
EN
One of characteristic features of a volleyball game is playing consecutive sets and deciding the current score according to the results of particular sets. In this way we can examine volleyball game in many stages, but the results of a game are fixed in the third, fourth or fifth stage. Each set creates a temporary state, which occurs with definite probability. It is immediately dependent on accepted foundations of probability of winning a set in every game stage. In the research we analysed a simplified model. For the needs of this model we draw a tree figure, which describes states of passing sets in a volleyball game. We described also a theoretical model and illustrated its helpfulness for interpretation of the results of female I-league from the starting season 1998/1999 for the team Augusto Kalisz, the winner of principle season.
PL
W meczu piłki siatkowej rozgrywane są kolejne sety i wraz z tym ustalany jest stan meczu w zależności od rezultatywnie zakończonych setów. Oznacza to traktowanie meczu jako pewnej gry wieloetapowej, przy czym stany rezultatywne są ustalane na trzecim, czwartym lub piątym etapie gry. Każdy z etapów tworzy stan przejścia występujący z określonym prawdopodobieństwem. Jest ono bezpośrednio zależne od przyjętego prawdopodobieństwa wygrania seta. Prowadzi to do pewnego modelu probabilistycznego wygrania seta na każdym etapie przebiegu meczu. Wspomniany model pozwala prowadzić prognozę zarówno wygrania, jak i przegrania meczu, a także dla pośrednich stanów meczowych. W pracy zajęto się wykorzystaniem modelu probabilistycznego w piłce siatkowej do celów prognozowania. Dla potrzeb opisu takiego modelu podano graf w postaci drzewa opisującego stany przejścia setów w meczu piłki siatkowej, odpowiednie wzory prawdopodobieństwa dla wyników rezultatywnych meczu oraz przedstawiono aspekty prognozowania wyników meczowych. Rozważane zagadnienia zilustrowano na wynikach I ligi żeńskiej z sezonu startowego 1999/2000.
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