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Exposure to ionizing radiation of medical staff performing vascular and interventional radiology procedures

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Biegała M., Jakubowska T., Domienik-Andrzejewska J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 4
403-410
EN
Objectives Vascular and interventional radiology procedures are characterized by high exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation. This study assessed the exposure of medical personnel to ionizing radiation during vascular radiology and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Material and Methods During vascular radiology procedures, the exposure of 4 groups of workers participating in the procedures was analyzed, i.e., the main operating physician, an assistant physician, a sterile nurse, and a nurse. Measurements of exposure to ionizing radiation were performed using thermoluminescent dosimetry. Results The registered effective dose during 1 treatment in individual groups is, respectively: mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD) 75±15 μSv, 24±5 μSv, 13±3 μSv, and 8±2 μSv. During mechanical thrombectomy, the operating physician receives an effective dose of M±SD 9±2 μSv. The equivalent doses for the lenses for the operating physician and the doctor assisting during vascular radiology procedures are M±SD 1419±285 μSv and 987±198 μSv, respectively, and for the hands, including the left and right hands, M±SD 4605±930 μSv, 1420±284 μSv, 1898±380 μSv, 1371±274 μSv. Conclusions If the principles of optimizing radiological protection are not applied during vascular radiology procedures, the permissible dose limits and operational limits equivalent to doses to lenses and hands may be exceeded. Exposure during vascular radiology procedures is comparable to exposure during nuclear medicine procedures in terms of the use of glucose labeled with radioactive fluorine.
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Analysis of dose distribution around a computed tomography scanner in terms of exposure to scattered ionizing radiation of caregivers of pediatric patients

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Biegała M., Brodecki M., Skoczylas K., Jakubowska T., Domienik-Andrzejewska J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 3
326-334
EN
Objectives During computed tomography (CT), a large amount of ionizing radiation is emitted to ensure high quality of the obtained radiological image. This study measured the dose distribution around the CT scanner and the exposure of people staying near the CT scanner during the examination. Material and Methods The measurements used an anthropomorphic phantom to assess human exposure to ionizing radiation. The probability of inducing leukemia and other cancers as a result of absorbing doses recorded around the CT device was also calculated. Results The highest exposure to scattered radiation in the proximity of the CT scanner is recorded at the gantry of the tomograph, i.e., 55.7 μGy, and the lowest, below lower detection limit of 6 μGy at the end of the diagnostic table. The whole-body detector placed on the anthropomorphic phantom located at the diagnostic table right next to the CT gantry recorded 59.5 μSv and at the end of the table 1.5 μSv. The average doses to the lenses in these locations were: 32.1 μSv and 2.9 μSv, respectively. Conclusions The probability of induction of leukemia or other types of cancer is low, but the need for people to stay in the examination room during a CT examination should be limited to the necessary minimum.
3
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Head computed tomography examination as a factor of radiation exposure in children treated for hydrocephalus

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Biegała M., Skoczylas K., Matera K., Grzelak P., Staniszewska M. A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2025
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vol. 38
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issue 2
163-169
EN
Objectives Computed tomography (CT) in children with hydrocephalus is a procedure often performed from the first days of the child’s life. It is important in diagnosing and monitoring treatment progress. Material and Methods Based on a retrospective analysis of CT scans, the level of exposure to ionizing radiation in children with hydrocephalus subjected to this study was calculated. The probability of induction and death from leukemia or other cancers as a result of CT scans was also calculated. Results The highest exposure is observed in children <1 year of age: M±SD 4.2±0.9 mSv/year. In the following years, this exposure decreases, reaching the level of 0.7±0.1 mSv/year at the age ≥11 years. This is correlated with the probability of induction of leukemia and other cancers, which is highest in the first year of life. In subsequent years, the probability decreases. The probability of dying from these cancers remains at a similar level all the time. By the age of 17 years, a patient with hydrocephalus diagnosed in infancy may receive a total effective dose of almost 21 mSv. Conclusions After analyzing exposure over the years, a significant reduction in the number of CT examinations performed and a reduction in the radiation dose received by children was found through the introduction of pediatric CT examination protocols.
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