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EN
In accordance with the legal rules that applied until the end of December 2013, the Polish real estate intermediary was obliged to perform in accordance with these rules as well as professional standards, with particular accuracy and care appropriate for the nature of the profession as well as the principles of professional ethics. On 13 June 2013 Polish Parliament adopted an Act amending the existing law on the exercise of certain professions, abolishing regulation of the profession of real estate intermediary or agent. From 1 January 2014, virtually all requirements became obsolete, like the need to possess a license, to possess proper education, the completion of an apprenticeship and the lack of a criminal record. The question arises how the real estate market coped with compliance with the law as well as professional standards and ethics. The aim of this article is to present proposals for new solutions in the area of professional standards for real estate intermediaries, in response to the changed markets conditions, and to compare the changes in the principles of professional ethics.
EN
The most urgent problem of training competitive specialists in higher educational establishments in the conditions of socio-economical dynamics of transformation of Ukraine and its entry into the world society has been considered. On the basis of professional requirements’ analysis the row of contradictions and disparities among the specialists in computer sciences in the current conditions of swift development of informative society has been traced. It has been stated that labor market growing demands, rapid technological changes require the use of the competency-building approach to future IT specialists for improving their professional level. The process of professional formation of a specialist in the context of modern theoretical-methodological principles has been comprehensively characterized. Peculiarities of leading Japan professional associations of specialists in information technologies activities in the aspect of assisting continuity and consistency of professional formation of experts in computer sciences have been defined. Special attention has been paid to the importance of creative analysis and implementation of foreign experience in the specialists’ training for the professional activity in the sphere of information technologies on the territory of Ukraine. Directions for upgrading higher education in our country and the prospects for subsequent research of the professional training practice of specialists in computer sciences have been outlined.
EN
The article is devoted to change of the institutional framework of estate agent’s profession. The introduction of a new European standard and its impact on the regulation of the profession was described in relation to German and Polish regulation. Data about the development of agent professional group in Poland was presented and some comments about and the idea of abolishing license of real estate agents.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest zmianom instytucjonalnym zawodu pośrednika w obrocie nieruchomościami. Poruszono kwestie dotyczące wprowadzenia nowego standardu europejskiego oraz jego wpływu na regulację zawodu w Niemczech. Przedstawiono rozwój liczbowy grupy zawodowej w Polsce oraz pomysł Ministerstwa Gospodarki na zniesienie licencji pośredników w obrocie nieruchomościami.
EN
The article deals with the current problem regarding teacher values and skills. They give to this profession a valuable dimension and meaning. Selected considerations were made against complex and important ambiguous issues. The circumstances of forming many skills that are and should be supported by the teacher in the values are taken into account. They model patterns and ways of acting for a teacher who has an individual suit of qualities necessary for professional functioning.
PL
W artykule poruszono aktualny problem dotyczący wartości i umiejętności nauczyciela. Nadają one tej profesji wartościowego wymiaru i sensu. Poprowadzone zostały wybrane rozważania wobec złożonych i ważnych wieloznacznych zagadnień. Uwzględniono okoliczności formowania wielu umiejętności, które są i powinny być wsparte u nauczyciela wartościami. Modelują one wzory i sposoby postępowania nauczyciela, odznaczającego się indywidualnym garniturem przymiotów niezbędnych w zawodowym funkcjonowaniu.
EN
The new approach to the higher education modernization based on the realization of competency-building modular programs has been considered. This approach closely supports competency-building approach to professional training of modern specialists within the context of current theoretical and methodological principles. The European dimension of competency-building approach and its basic concepts as well as its implementations in educational process have been characterized. It has been stressed that competency-building approach shifts the focus from teaching to acquiring competencies within the educational process. It has been defined that labor market growing demands, rapid technological change, globalization, increased academic and labor mobility require the use of the competency-building approach to future teachers’ aptitude to improve their professional level, which is a pre-requisite and priority in higher pedagogical education modernization. The connection of the competency-building approach with individually-oriented and active approach to learning has been considered, as it concerns student’s individuality and can be implemented and tested only when an individual student carries out a certain set of actions. The approach requires the transformation of the educational content, its conversion from the objective model that exists for “all” the students, to subjective outcomes of each student, which can be measured.
EN
For a dozen years social work in Poland has been standardized. The process is developed mostly in the framework of EU projects and it results in the increasing number of proposals and recommendations. Unfortunately, critical analyses on this phenomena are almost absent. In this contribution the critical view on the standardization process is taken from three theoretical perspectives: discursive neoinstitutionalism, the concept of disciplinary power, and interactional concept of professional action. This theoretical triangulation enabled the analysis of the standardization as external framing of social work, the application of the micro-power system and deprofessionalisation. At the end some prognosis (theoretical anticipations) of the future of standardized social work is constructed.
PL
Od kilkunastu lat praca socjalna w Polsce jest standaryzowana. Efektem tego procesu, realizowanego przeważnie w ramach unijnych projektów, jest rosnąca liczba propozycji i rekomendacji. Niestety, praktycznie nieobecne są analizy krytyczne. W artykule podejmuję krytykę procesu standaryzowania pracy socjalnej z trzech perspektyw teoretycznych: dyskursywnego neoinstytucjonalizmu, koncepcji władzy dyscyplinarnej oraz interakcyjnej koncepcji działania profesjonalnego. Taka teoretyczna triangulacja umożliwiła ujęcie zjawiska standaryzacji jako zewnętrznego ramowania pracy socjalnej, aplikację systemu mikro-władzy oraz deprofesjonalizacji. Artykuł kończy prognoza (teoretyczna antycypacja) przyszłości standaryzowanej pracy socjalnej.
8
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Regulace biomedicínského výzkumu

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EN
This article deals with the issue of the regulation of biomedical research. The article first discusses the term biomedical research in general, including its subsets and methods of classification. The historical context, which had a fundamental influence on the development of regulation, is also elaborated. Furthermore, the article deals with ways of regulating biomedical research. It deals with non-legal regulation, ie ethical regulation and regulation in the form of technical-organizational standards. Finally, the legal regulation is discussed, at the international, European and national levels.
CS
Tento článek se zabývá problematikou regulace biomedicínského výzkumu. V článku je nejprve pojednáno obecně o termínu biomedicínského výzkumu, včetně jeho podmnožin a způsobů členění. Rozvedeny jsou také historické souvislosti, které měly na vývoj regulace zásadní vliv. Dále se článek věnuje způsobům regulace biomedicínského výzkumu, je zde rozebrána regulace mimoprávní, tedy etická regulace a regulace ve formě odvětvových a profesních standardů. V závěru je pak pojednáno o regulaci právní, a to na úrovni mezinárodní, evropské i národní.
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