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EN
The problems of interdisciplinary interaction of History with other Social Sciences have already become the subject of a serious and consecutive scientific research. In this wide spectre of thoughts and opinions a special interest may be paid to considerations and evaluations of a complex process of forming interaction between History and Psychology. In Historiography there even have been formed a new direction, called Psychohistory. Besides, there have remained the achievements of previous generations of historians who didn’t avoid psychological aspects of world and national historical process in their works. It is not the subject matter of this article to elucidate in details the evolution of any particular stage in forming a given direction of modern historiography or any particular segment of psychological discourse. We rather propose a wider historiosophical generalization of problems and perspectives of the method to unite history and psychology. The author accentuates the necessity to enhance the level of general psychologic culture of both ruling elite and wide circles of ordinary public while taking into consideration the potential of communication in order to avoid conflicts. In this sense a separate methodological problem of great importance is psychologic culture of historians themselves as well as their readiness to use rich experience of Psychologic Science in their adequate research of the past. National Historiography is only in the beginning of the road to cognize social processes and historical peculiarities, especially of a recent past. But, at the same time, Ukrainian historic science has rich traditions of deep psychologic penetration into human dimension of national history. Effective combination of traditional experience and new methodological freedom of innovative historical thinking remains a serious methodological challenge on the new stage of national Historiography which requires the feeling of homogeneity of a historical process and, correspondingly, new understanding of homogeneity of historical conscience
EN
The article concerns some aspect of the impact which psychoanalysis (depth psychology) had on the research practice of historiography. The author asks in what ways “psychoanalytic thinking” modified the handling of a historical source. He argues that the basis for the modification was a unique “hermeneutics of suspicion,” embedded in depth psychology. At the core of this hermeneutics is the attitude of a psychoanalytic therapist-a search for “a deeper meaning” of a particular psychopathological symptom, a meaning cunningly concealed but at the same time indirectly (and perversely) enacted and communicated by this symptom. The article identifies the main reasons for hermeneutics of suspicion penetrating historians’ way of thinking: “ontological” (connected with the specific view of the historical process adopted by historiographers of psychoanalytic sympathies) and “methodological” (related to the discovery and affirmation of the methodological “kinship” between researching history and practicing psychoanalysis). The author further argues that, contrary to superficial readings, psychoanalytic hermeneutics of suspicion is not just a radicalized version of the critical attitude towards the source, which by default marks scientific historiography in its various forms, but that it goes beyond it in important ways. The article considers also various practical consequences of the presence of this kind of hermeneutics in handling historical sources.
EN
The present reflections address a text which resists any attempts at unambivalent catego­rization in terms of its genre. John Mattenson’s most recent book offers its reader not only a fascinating intellectual experience but also an intimate inside journey. In A Worse Place Than Hell the biographies of five main protagonists – Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., John Pelham, Walt Whitman, Arthur B. Fuller, Louisa May Alcott – are the canvas, upon which the Author paints the biography of an adolescent country at the brink of a collapse. It is a (hi)story of the rite of passage from partisan egotism to civic responsibility, a social development that made America’s maturity pos­sible. After Fredericksburg, the ultimate catastrophe was averted owing to the ethical integrity of individuals whose faith would redeem the initiative that America had stood for – and still stands – since 1776. Matteson’s book may still help inspire yet another ethical awakening in the nation fragmented more severely than ever since the end of the Civil War.
PL
Niniejsze rozważania dotyczą tekstu, który opiera się wszelkim próbom jednoznacznej gatunkowej kategoryzacji. Rygorystyczna pod względem akademickim i wierna historycznym szczegółom, najnowsza książka Johna Mattensona – arcydzieło życiopisania (life-writing) – proponuje czytelnikowi nie tylko fascynujące doświadczenie intelektualne, ale także intymną podróż do wnętrza samego siebie. W Miejscu gorszym niż piekło biografie pięciu głównych bohaterów – Olivera Wendella Holmesa Jr., Johna Pelhama, Walta Whitmana, Arthura B. Fullera i Louisy May Alcott – stanowią płótno, na którym autor, laureat nagrody Pulitzera, maluje biografię młodzieńczego kraju na skraju upadku. Jest to opowieść o rytuale przejścia od egoistycznej stronniczości do obywatelskiej odpowiedzialności, historia społecznych przemian, które przeprowadziły Amerykę w dojrzałość. Po klęsce pod Fredericksburgiem, ostatecznej katastrofie Unii udało się zapobiec dzięki prawości jednostek. Głęboka moralność pojedynczych Amerykanów odkupiła wyrosłą z wiary inicjatywę, która powołała Amerykę do istnienia, i na której – od 1776 – roku Ameryka nieustannie wzrasta. Książka Johna Mattesona, która ujrzy światło dzienne na początku roku 2021, jest ważnym głosem w debacie o roli Stanów Zjednoczonych, mogącym zainspirować kolejne etyczne przebudzenie w narodzie, który od zakończenia wojny secesyjnej nie doświadczył tak głębokich jak dziś podziałów.
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