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EN
Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the European grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC) provides a new instrument for cross-border cooperation in the European Union–EGTC, which has legal character. The objective of the EGTC is to reduce the significant difficulties encountered by Member States and, in particular, by regional and local authorities in implementing and managing territorial cooperation. The objective of an EGTC shall be to facilitate and promote cross-border, transnational and/or interregional cooperation between its members, with the exclusive aim of strengthening economic and social cohesion. An association may have as its members Member States, regional authorities, local authorities or bodies governed by public law according to the second subparagraph of Article 1(9) of Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts. Associations consisting of bodies belonging to one or more of these categories may also be members, so an EGTC can be homogeneous or non-homogeneous. An EGTC shall be made up of members located on the territory of at least two Member States. An EGTC shall act in accordance with the tasks given to it, which shall be limited to the facilitation and promotion of territorial cooperation to strengthen economic and social cohesion and be determined by its members on the basis that they all fall within the competence of every member under its national law. The tasks all fall within the competence of every member under its national legal means, which in the case of the grouping of non-homogeneous can act only the task common for all members of grouping, and in addition the tasks entrusted by the public authorities to other than EGTC members.
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EN
Regulations belong to the catalogue of the sources of common law, forcefully shaping the status of the recipient. The scope of regulations established within the structure of local law refers to an area where the authority establishing a given act performs its competence. These regulations are executive in character, and the issuing authorization must be included in the act. A public administration body cannot therefore form the legal status of the recipient if the legislator does not allow it. 
PL
Przepisy porządkowe należą do katalogu źródeł prawa powszechnie obowiązującego, władczo kształtując status adresata. Zakres obowiązywania przepisów porządkowych, ustanawianych w ramach prawa miejscowego, dotyczy obszaru, na który rozciąga się właściwość organu ustanawiającego taki akt. Powyższe przepisy mają charakter wykonawczy, upoważnienie do ich wydania musi być zawarte w ustawie. Organ administracji publicznej nie może zatem kształtować statusu prawnego adresata, gdy ustawodawca na to mu nie pozwala.
EN
A paper describes challenges of globalization, Europeanization and new governance towards institution of public administration body (in the fields of law and public management). An author mentions basic assumptions of modern public governance and main, significant elements of processes of globalization and Europeanization. It is necessary to consider the legal institution of public administration body (especially in administrative law and science of administration). The paper describes current problems of mentioned topic (such as varied kinds of development and progress – especially connected with information society). The author suggests to appreciate the complex of global values. Finally he describes the aftermentioned phenomenons not only as threats, but also as opportunities. The author recomended to use their to a better development.
PL
The legal nature of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority has not been explicitly stated by the legislator. This gives rise to discussions and disputes on this subject, which are conducted both by doctrine and by judicature. This paper presents the basic problems in this area by attempting to determine the legal nature of this entity, which plays an extremely important role in the functioning of the Polish financial system and thus in the stable and safe functioning of the state as a whole.
EN
The article deals with the issue of administrative procedural law and civil court proceedings. The author describes a special right of the parties to administrative proceedings, which is the right to bring an action against an administrative decision, and attempts to analyse the action in relation to the administrative decision against the control of common courts against individual acts of public administration. This analysis is carried out in the light of the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, as well as on the legal grounds for bringing actions against administrative decisions. The article was enriched with a number of judgments of common and administrative courts. At the end of the article, the author formulates de lege ferenda conclusions.
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Self-Government Boards of Appeal

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EN
The purpose of local self-government in Poland, which was reactivated in 1990, was to address the needs of the entire local community. Newly created commune authorities were also made competent to handle individual matters by means of administrative decisions. It became necessary to make the idea of the communes’ independence and sovereignty go in line with the underlying standard of administrative proceedings, which is the parties’ right to have their matter examined twice as to its substance. Simultaneously with local self-government, boards of appeal were created at selfgovernment parliaments, which were meant to safeguard real protection of entities whose matters were handled in an authoritarian, unilateral manner by the commune authorities. The boards of appeal were modified by subsequent legal regulations and have been operating until the present day, though in 1994 they were renamed as selfgovernment boards of appeal. In this paper the evolution of these bodies is presented and their linkage to local self-government is explained.
EN
The articles discusses administrative complaint as a measure that can protect the interest of an individual when confronted with public administration bodies. It explains the origin of the institution of complaint as well as its concept and substance. Next, consideration is given to the bodies competent to handle complaints, the obligations of authorities in competent to process complaints as well as complaints in individual cases. Finally, administrative complaint was analysed against the backdrop of a final administrative decision, the method and notification of complaint handling and the re-filing of a groundless complaint.
PL
Przedstawiony artykuł podejmuje problematykę skargi administracyjnej jako środka ochrony interesów jednostki względem organów administracji publicznej. W artykule omówiono genezę instytucji skargi oraz pojęcie i istotę skargi. Następnie rozważaniom poddano właściwość do rozpatrywania skarg, obowiązki organu niewłaściwego do rozpatrywania skarg, jak również skargę w sprawie indywidualnej. W dalszych rozważaniach zanalizowano skargę a ostateczną decyzję administracyjną, sposób oraz zawiadomienie o załatwieniu skargi, a także ponowienie bezzasadnej skargi.
EN
The article refers to the silent settlement of an administrative case as one of the ways to end the administrative procedure introduced to the Act of 14 June 1960 of the Code of Administrative Procedure under the 2017 amendment. It is an institution that aims to accelerate and streamline the administrative procedure. It is also intended to prevent administrative inactivity. A case resolved silently is an alternative to the traditional model of ending a proceeding in the form of a decision and may take the form of a silent termination of the proceedings or tacit agreement. It should be emphasized that this institution is not applicable in all proceedings. The basis for the silent settlement of the case is a specific provision of substantive law, which grants the authority the power to act in this way, while the provisions contained in the procedural act constitute lex generali in relation to the solutions contained in the provisions of substantive laws.
PL
W artykule odniesiono się do milczącego załatwienia sprawy administracyjnej jako jednego ze sposobów zakończenia postępowania administracyjnego wprowadzonego do ustawy z dnia 14 czerwca 1960 r. Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego na mocy nowelizacji z 2017 r. Jest to instytucja, która ma na celu przyspieszenie i usprawnienie procedury administracyjnej. Ma również zapobiegać bezczynności organu administracji. Sprawa załatwiana milcząco stanowi alternatywę dla tradycyjnego modelu zakończenia postępowania w formie decyzji i może przybrać formę milczącego zakończenia postępowania lub milczącej zgody. W artykule wykazano, że nie w każdym postępowaniu instytucja ta znajduje zastosowanie. Podstawą do milczącego załatwienia sprawy jest konkretny przepis prawa materialnego, który przyznaje organowi kompetencję do działania w ten sposób, natomiast przepisy zawarte w ustawie procesowej stanowią lex generali w stosunku do rozwiązań zawartych w przepisach ustaw materialnych.
PL
The subjective context and dimension of administrative law objectively generate a diverse and rich catalogue of causes and manifestations of its multifaceted nature. In this respect, further diversity can be observed, namely that of conditionings and consequences, its crucial aspect being the distinction into administering bodies and subjects of administration. The analysis of the multiform nature of legal-administrative entities can yield particularly interesting results when the participants of administration change their roles (including the role changes which, from the perspective of the distinction between administering bodies and subjects of administration – run across borders). The analysis confirms the importance of taking care of the systemic approach and unification of the doctrinal and normative approach to the question of the multifaceted character of legal-administrative entities.
Ius Novum
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2020
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vol. 14
|
issue 2
120-139
PL
Przedstawiona analiza charakteru prawnego aktu Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej stwierdzającego przejście sędziego Sądu Najwyższego w stan spoczynku prowadzi do wniosku, że akt Prezydenta RP wydawany na podstawie art. 39 ustawy o Sądzie Najwyższym jest aktem władczym i deklaratoryjnym. W jego treści znajduje się rozstrzygnięcie o zaistnieniu przewidzianych prawem przesłanek, które skutkują przejściem sędziego w stan spoczynku. W tym zakresie Prezydent RP działa jak organ administracji publicznej w znaczeniu funkcjonalnym, gdyż rozstrzygnięcie stwierdza przekształcenie stosunku służbowego sędziego. Działanie Prezydenta RP w tym zakresie nie jest prerogatywą prezydencką z art. 144 ust. 3 pkt. 17 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Zatem w zakresie stwierdzenia przejścia w stan spoczynku działanie Prezydenta RP wyczerpuje znamiona działania administracji w rozumieniu art. 184 Konstytucji RP, a to oznacza, że akty tego typu jako wydane w zakresie działań administracji publicznej podlegają kontroli sądów administracyjnych.
EN
The analysis of the legal nature of an official act of the President of the Republic of Poland pronouncing the Supreme Court judge’s retirement results in a conclusion that the act of the President issued in accordance with Article 29 of the Act on the Supreme Court is authoritative and declaratory. Its content stipulates a solution concerning legal premises that result in a judge’s retirement. In this scope, the President of the Republic of Poland acts as a public administration body in the functional meaning because the solution pronounces the change of the judge’s service relationship. The President’s action in this respect is not a presidential prerogative under Article 144 para. 3(17) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This means that this type of an official act issued as part of public administration activities, stipulated under Article 184 of the Constitution, is subject to control by administrative courts.
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