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EN
Political advertising is a form of aesthetic and political communication; it is encountered in election, addressed to electoral groups and aimed at electoral behavior perception management. Aesthetic and political communication has a lot of characteristics of political communication in general, that in its turn is a kind of public communication. Advertising nails down certain emotions in the person’s memory, which hereafter will determine his (her) behavior. Achieving of an objective is made by aesthetic images creation and advancement that facilitates aesthetic judgment of objective world, increases beauty sensitivity, uprears and develops cultural perception, the sense of taste. In the course of it, the didactic orientation of political advertising emerges. In a general sense, political advertising aesthetics is the aesthetics of personal behavior management technologies in social setting, the aesthetic of personal influence. Political events infer aesthetic expressiveness and legalization in response to mass media, publicity, popular art, word-picture and image. Internal action of political and aesthetic aspects turns the individual into spectator and recipient.
EN
Samples of U. S. President Clinton's public communications were scored with a computer program for the emotional undertones of their words, for the proportional occurrence of negations and very common words, and for the use of first and second person pronouns. The first two measures address emotion, the remaining ones style. Measures successfully discriminated (97% correct classification) formal communications from informal ones and informal communications where the President was physically present with his audience from those where he was not (90%). Classification for two sets of validation samples was very strong (90%). Measures discriminated President Clinton's Executive Orders from President G. W. Bush's. Discriminant functions based on emotional measures alone were almost as successful as those including measures of style (no more than 8% fewer correct classifications). Results are interpreted in terms of theories of persuasive presidential rhetoric.
EN
The paper focuses on methods used during public consultations on conditions and directions of local spatial development prepared by communes (Polish: gmina) in the Podkarpackie Voivodship. A well-executed public communication process should provide information on public preferences and concerns, as well as additional environmental information. This research has proven a hypothesis that communication techniques used by communes during studies on the conditions and directions of local spatial development differ between communes with environmentally valuable areas and those without areas of special natural value.
PL
W artykule przedstawione zostały metody konsultacji społecznych towarzyszących sporządzaniu studiów uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania gmin województwa podkarpackiego. Studia te są bardzo ważnym elementem planowania przestrzennego na poziomie lokalnym. Ich celem jest pogodzenie często przeciwstawnych krótkoterminowych interesów społeczeństwa, gospodarki i przyrody. Dobrze przeprowadzony proces komunikacji społecznej w planowaniu przestrzennym powinien dostarczyć informacji zarówno o preferencjach i obawach społeczeństwa jak i dodatkowych informacji o stanie środowiska przyrodniczego. Badania potwierdziły hipotezę, że dobór metod komunikacji społecznej przez urzędników samorządowych podczas konsultacji społecznych studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy różni się na terenach przyrodniczo cennych i nie przedstawiających wysokiej wartości przyrodniczej.
EN
It is not obligatory for uniformed services in Poland to have press services. Therefore, maintaining press offices and spokespeople is a visible sign of a more open information policy of the heads of these services, while it also indicates their awareness of the benefits stemming from good media relations. The article presents the place of press and PR services in the organizational structure of uniformed services responsible for internal security in Poland. All conclusions and recommendations listed in the summary are based on internal documents‟ analysis, the author‟s own observations and expert interviews with spokespeople. The article has been written as a result of a research project, realized in 2010 and 2011 within an internal research grant of the University of Information and Technology and Management in Rzeszów on “Public Communication of Uniformed Services in Poland”.
PL
Istnienie służb prasowych w formacjach mundurowych nie ma charakteru obligatoryjnego. Jedynie w odniesieniu do jednostek traktowanych jako urzędy centralne mogą mieć zastosowanie przepisy rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów dające Prezesowi Rady Ministrów albo ministrowi nadzorującemu pracę urzędu centralnego możliwość powoływania lub wyrażania zgody na powoływanie rzeczników prasowych. Funkcjonowanie służb prasowych w formacjach mundurowych stanowi zatem wyraz przyjęcia otwartej polityki informacyjnej przez kolejnych szefów tych formacji, jak również jest efektem świadomości z korzyści, jakie przynosić może prowadzenie działalności media relations. Oczywiście, jest to również swoisty wymóg czasów, efekt uwarunkowań formalnych oraz dynamicznie zmieniającego się na naszych oczach systemu społecznego we wszystkich jego wymiarach. Artykuł przedstawia miejsce służb prasowo-informacyjnych w strukturze organizacyjnej największych formacji mundurowych odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w Polsce. Analiza wewnętrznych dokumentów organizacyjnych tych służb uzupełniona własnymi obserwacjami i wywiadami eksperckimi z ich rzecznikami prasowymi posłużyły wypracowaniu wniosków i rekomendacji znajdujących się w podsumowaniu. Artykuł jest efektem projektu badawczego „Komunikacja społeczna służb mundurowych w Polsce” zrealizowanego przez autora w ramach grantu wewnętrznego WSIiZ w Rzeszowie w latach 2010-2011.
EN
This paper is a tentative attempt to identify some basic-level conceptual and theoretical problems underlying the mainstream genre theory, which adversely affect the analysis of rapidly evolving, complex and hybrid genres in the modern communicative space. Having discussed these problems, I go on to I argue that the space of contemporary public communication should be viewed as not only an “analytic problem”, but also/rather a domain whose explorations could potentially revise the existing principles of genre theory. In particular, I suggest such explorations should focus on the conception of (public communication) genres as (i) abstractions, (ii) activators and realizers of context, (iii) flexible macrostructures, (iv) social field entities, (v) assigners of interpersonal roles. Notwithstanding a possible advancement of genre theory resulting from this approach, I conclude that it is only a first and admittedly uncertain step in trying to establish a sound theoretical framework for communicative genres in the modern discourse space.
Electrum
|
2014
|
vol. 21
107–115
EN
Publicly displayed statues constituted an important element of Rome’s presence in the life of a province. Until quite recently this form of communication has hardly been attested in the province of Iudaea/Syria Palaestina giving the impression that it was not practiced. However, large scale excavations in various regions in Israel and the intensive “hunt” for inscriptions and their systematic collection carried out by the CIIP yielded a corrective: there is no doubt left that this form of public communication was widely practiced here as well.
EN
Dramatic transformations in Poland after the fall of communism and the country’s thorny path to democracy provide fascinating material for reflection and study of language in its relations to politics and social change. A review of communist newspeak, followed by the breakdown of monopoly on public speaking, the beginning of the language of the opposition, finally developing into various styles of Solidarity, serve as a backdrop for an analysis of the post-communist speech developing in diverse, occasionally opposite directions, affecting all levels of linguistic reality at different speeds, with varying intensity and degree of immunity to external manipulation
EN
The times of the so-called ‘real socialism’ abounded with apparent actions. It would seem that such post-1989 changes as political democratization, market facilitation of the economy and introduction of the principle of publicity into the public sphere should have yielded a gradual marginalization of apparent actions. Instead, there are still plenty of apparent actions in Polish social life, even if their sources, mechanisms and functions have partly changed. The article addresses the two areas where apparent actions are particularly intense. In the fields of Science and Higher Education, a number of detrimental, and usually taboo, fictions have cumulated, especially in the domain of research, publications and mass education. The sphere of mass media, journalism, public debates and shaping of public opinion contains equally destructive illusions. Recent tendencies in apparent actions urge a theoretical reflection on apparent communication and apparent knowledge, and help to isolate ‘neo-apparent’ actions.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the channels and tools that are used by Bielsko-Biała local government in communicating with residents as well as to assess their quality and effectiveness. The communication between citizens and local authorities was analyzed, taking into account its specificity, goals, methods in the historical perspective and current territorial marketing will be analysed. The author`s research, with the use of the content analysis method, was the empirical basis for the considerations. The exploration concerned both traditional communication channels, such as the press, radio, or town hall television, as well as social networks – Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and others. In the examined period 2020- 2022, there was a change in the preferred channels of transmission information, both on the part of their senders and recipients. There is a noticeable process of virtualization of communication, which may favor wider civic participation in the process of shaping the community.
EN
The working paper consists of the research’s results concerning the process of local communication in Poland. The questionnaires were being distributed via e-mail and secure-qualified digital signature through 2878 town, city and district halls in entire state. Due to the results the map of local communication in Poland is being prepared as well as the list of obstacles in that process. The issues of local mass communication and Public Relations in Silesia province were involved in the questionnaire.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi komunikat z badań przeprowadzonych na ogólnopolskiej próbie 2878 jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie wykorzystania narzędzi komunikacji elektronicznej – profilu zaufanego i poczty elektronicznej. Celem było stworzenie mapy komunikowania lokalnego w Polsce oraz diagnoza problemów tego procesu. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki uzyskane w województwie śląskim na podstawie kwestionariusza ankiety obejmującego pytania z zakresu polityki informacyjnej oraz prowadzonych działań public relations
PL
Artykuł omawia i poddaje krytycznej ocenie koncepcję nowego ducha kapitalizmu według Luca Boltanskiego i Ève Chiapello. Wkrótce po publikacji książka Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme [1999] stała się jednym z najbardziej wyraźnych punktów na mapie studiów nad kulturowymi przemianami kapitalizmu i zwróciła uwagę socjologów w niemal całej Europie. Jednak w polskiej literaturze większość prac socjologicznych, także tych, które wprost nawiązują do problematyki ducha kapitalizmu, nawet nie odnotowuje tego monumentalnego opracowania. Aby choć częściowo uzupełnić tę lukę, niniejszy tekst wprowadza do lektury Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme. Zrekonstruowany zostaje teoretyczny i metodologiczny rdzeń tej pracy, leżąca u jego koncepcyjnych podstaw wizja związku między krytyką a ideologią oraz fazowe ujęcie historycznych przemian ducha kapitalizmu.
EN
This paper discusses and critically evaluates the concept of the new spirit of capitalism as developed by Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello. Immediately following its publication, Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme [1999] became one of the most distinct points on the map of studies on the cultural transformations of capitalism, and it has attracted the attention of sociologists around the Europe. Nevertheless, in Polish literature the majority of sociological texts omit mention of this monumental work. In order to fill this gap, at least to some extent, this paper serves as an introduction to the ideas contained in Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme. It reconstructs the theoretical and methodological core of the book, the underlying concept of the relationship between the critique and ideology, as well as idea of historical phases in the alterations of the spirit of capitalism.
EN
The aim of the article is to distinguish the main communicative categories which influence the typological diversity of public speeches that are persuasive in character and that appear mainly in the language of politics. The author proposes the following categories: receiver of the message, sender of the message, type of interaction between the sender and the receiver, communicative situation, type of expression, degree of the axiologisation and emotionalisation of the message, aim of the speech, degree of the ceremoniality of the speech in opposition to its creativity, theme of the speech. These categories may form the basis for the typology of contemporary public speeches in the sphere of political life and may be used in defining the types of speech in public communication.
EN
The purpose of the article is to investigate the causes of communication disruption at different levels of discourse. The study material consisted of conversations conducted by M. Olejnik in the TV show Prosto w oczy (Straight in the Eye). The analyzed examples are taken from the episode dealing with the sources of violence against women. The analysis showed that barriers in communication were caused by a variety of fac­tors. Some of them such as noise, low bandwidth, code limitations, information selection, or the interlocutor’s social role can be related to the communicative situation. Others can stem from the inconsistent organization of semantic discourse at the level of the thematic organization, focus, the organization of references and rhetorical organization. In the media discourse, the rhetorical organization is the most important. The specific goals of the media cause the journalist to focus not on co-operation and agreement, but on manifesting differences and on creating dramatic conflicts through simplification and polarization of attitudes.
PL
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EN
This article analyzes requests for access to public information responses sent by e-mail regarding Opolskie Province communes. The study monitors 64 requests for access regarding regional communes, finding that a high percentage of local governments fail to comply with this obligation, despite potentially facing criminal sanctions. Nevertheless, the study's results confirm previous Polish research. Moreover, analysis surrounds whether application response is dependent on the size of the commune, its status, ethnic diversity, and the local governance quality index.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy odpowiedzi na wniosek o udzielenie informacji publicznej wysłany drogą elektroniczną na przykładzie gmin województwa opolskiego. Badanie opiera się na monitoringu przeprowadzonym w 64 gminach regionu. Jak się okazuje, istnieje wciąż wysoki odsetek jednostek samorządowych, które nie dochowują tego obowiązku, mimo iż jest on zastrzeżony sankcją karną. Wyniki uzyskane przez autorów potwierdzają wcześniejsze badania prowadzone w Polsce. Ponadto autorzy próbowali zweryfikować, czy udzielenie odpowiedzi na wniosek zależy od wielkości gminy, jej statusu, poziomu wielokulturowości, wskaźnika jakości rządzenia.
PL
Czasy tzw. realnego socjalizmu obfitowały w działania pozorne. Wydawać by się mogło, że demokratyzacja systemu politycznego, urynkowienie gospodarki i wprowadzenie zasady jawności po 1989 roku powinno prowadzić do stopniowego rugowania działań pozornych z polskiego życia społecznego. Działań pozornych mamy jednak nadal mnóstwo, choć z pewnością przemianom uległy ich uwarunkowania, mechanizmy i funkcje. Tekst odnosi się do dwóch obszarów obejmujących szczególnie intensywne działania pozorne. Sporo szkodliwych i powszechnie tabuizowanych fikcji nagromadziło się w dziedzinie nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego, szczególnie na polu badań naukowych, publikacji oraz masowego kształcenia. Równie problematycznym obszarem szkodliwej pozoracji jest dziedzina kształtowania opinii publicznej, tzw. debaty publicznej, dziennikarstwa oraz mediów. Uwzględnienie nowych trendów w ramach działań pozornych prowadzi do refleksji teoretycznej na temat komunikowania pozornego i pozornej wiedzy, w tym do wyróżnienia typu działań „neopozornych”.
EN
The times of “real socialism” have abounded with apparent actions in Jan Lutynski’s sense. It seemed after 1989 that such changes as political democratization, marketization of economy and introduction of the principle of publicity into the public sphere should yield a gradual marginalization of apparent actions. Instead, there are still plenty of apparent actions in Polish social life, even if their sources, mechanisms and functions have partly changed. The article refers to the two areas where apparent actions are particularly intense. In the fields of science and higher education, a number of detrimental and usually tabooed fictions have cumulated, especially in the domain of research, publications and mass education. The sphere of mass media, journalism, public debates and shaping of public opinion contains equally destructive illusions. Recent tendencies in apparent actions urge a theoretical reflection on apparent communication and apparent knowledge, and help to single out “neo-apparent” actions.
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