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Higher Education and the Politics of Disruption

100%
Giroux H. A.
Chowanna
|
2020
|
issue 1(54)
1-20
PL
At its best education is dangerous because it offers young people and other actors the promise of racial and economic justice, a future in which democracy becomes inclusive and a dream in which all lives matter. In a healthy society universities should be subversive; they should go against the grain, and give voice to the voiceless, the unmentionable and the whispers of truth that haunt the apostles of unchecked power and wealth. Pedagogy should be disruptive and unsettling and push hard against the common sense vocabularies of neoliberalism and its regime of affective management.
2
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Między wolnością a upolitycznieniem mediów publicznych

75%
Szot L.
Przegląd Politologiczny
|
2020
|
issue 2
157-177
EN
The occurrence of media politization in Poland is a very essential threat to their independence. Public media act their fundamental part in field of representation of public interests e.g. diversity, independency, reliability and completeness of information. Public radio and TV broadcasting implement their public mission and form civil society. The duty of public mission implementation by the public media arises from the polish Radio and Television Broadcasting Act. In face of the occurrence of commercialization and politization, there are, in the fact, no guaranties of public mission implementation. Public media enable legitimization of politicians using media, what collides with independent position of media organizations. The tendency of media to free from any political control stands opposite to tendency of politicians to have an influence on the contents of media (media politization). The Republic of Poland is a legal democratic state. In aspect of social communication, there is a fundamental right to freedom of press and freedom of speech. In scope of representation of public interests, the essential part play autonomic public media and independent journalists. The article is an introduction to the analysis related to the mechanism of excessive public media politization in Poland. The author uses a normative approach and a method of empirical quantitative research – an anonymous questionnaire conducted among journalists of regional media. The main research objective is to analyse the conditions of independence of public media and journalists in Poland, in the context of the political process. Constitutional guarantees of freedom of press find no reflection on reality, particularly in scope of public media. Present legal and financial status of public media condemns their organs to political dependence and balancing between public mission implementation and necessity of income gaining.
PL
Zjawisko polityzacji mediów publicznych w Polsce, stanowi istotne zagrożenie dla ich niezależności. Media publiczne odgrywają zasadniczą rolę w zakresie reprezentacji interesów społecznych m.in. różnorodność, niezależność oraz rzetelność i kompletność informacji. Publiczna radiofonia i telewizja realizuje misję publiczną i kształtuje społeczeństwo obywatelskie. Obowiązek realizacji misji społecznej przez media publiczne wynika z treści ustawy o radiofonii i telewizji. Wobec zjawiska komercjalizacji i polityzacji, w rzeczywistości brak materialnych gwarancji realizacji misji społecznej. Media publiczne umożliwiają legitymizację medialną polityków, co zderza się z niezależną pozycją organizacji medialnych. Tendencja uwolnienia się mediów od jakiejkolwiek politycznej kontroli, pozostaje w sprzeczności z tendencją do wywierania wpływu przez polityków na zawartość mediów (polityzacja mediów). Rzeczpospolita Polska jest demokratycznym państwem prawnym. W sferze komunikowania społecznego fundamentalne jest prawo do wolności prasy i wolności słowa. Zasadniczą rolę w zakresie reprezentacji interesów społecznych odgrywają autonomiczne media publiczne i niezależni dziennikarze. Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do analizy związanej z mechanizmami nadmiernego upolitycznienia mediów publicznych w Polsce. Autorka posługuje się podejściem normatywnym oraz metodą badań empirycznych ilościowych – kwestionariusza anonimowego przeprowadzonego wśród dziennikarzy mediów regionalnych. Podstawowym celem badawczym jest analiza uwarunkowań niezależności mediów publicznych i dziennikarzy w Polsce, w kontekście procesu polityzacji. Konstytucyjne deklaracje wolności prasy nie znajdują odzwierciedlenia w rzeczywistości, w szczególności w odniesieniu do mediów publicznych. Obecny status prawny i finansowy mediów publicznych skazuje z góry ich organy, na uzależnienie polityczne i balansowanie pomiędzy realizacją misji a koniecznością osiągania zysków.
3
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Koncesja na rozpowszechnianie telewizyjne w systemie naziemnym cyfrowym w Polsce

71%
Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz K.
Themis Polska Nova
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2015
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issue 1(8)
150-167
EN
Legal issues associated with the implementation of digital terrestrial television is not only important because of the assessment of their effectiveness. It also tips about what future regulators, based on the experience that we gain today analyzing the administrative and legal convergence in connection with the introduction of new technologies. Their importance is crucial to the debate on the concept of public interest and related restrictions, as well as to analyze the role of public administration in its protection. An example characterized by a change in the understanding of the public interest in the regulatory area of audiovisual media is primarily the sphere of market control and rationing. In the light of the development of new technologies and enlarging coverage market forces should be emphasized that for the sake of proportionality, the objectives of public interest and private purposes, and the rights and freedoms need a more flexibility with regard to rules governing conventional audiovisual media services without negation proven and still existing standards.
4
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Gospodarka majątkowa i finansowa TVP - nieprawidłowości w zarządzaniu

71%
Róg Ł.
|
2021
|
vol. 66
|
issue 6/I (401)
66-80
EN
Negligent supervision of the Belsat TV channel and local branches, contracts for mass events concluded with providers only after their completion, excessively high costs related to the establishment and operations of the Poland In channel and portal, im proper assets management – these are just a few of the irregularities disclosed by the Supreme Audit Office in the Polish Television (TVP SA). The objective of the audit was to examine whether the company properly managed its assets and financial re sources. The audit was conducted in 2020, it covered the years 2014–2020, and it concerned the TVP SA Main Headquarters and its 16 local branches. It revealed that the Polish Television had developed and implemented multiannual strategic plans that set directions for multiannual policies on human resources, investments and finance. However, the audit also indicated irregularities in the management of assets and fi nancial resources of TVP, as well as insufficient supervision of the local branches. Moreover, NIK also commented on the restructuring measures introduced by TVP in the years 2013–2014, comprising outsourcing of services and staff outsourcing. In his article, the author has discussed the findings of this audit.
PL
Nierzetelny nadzór nad kanałem Belsat TV i oddziałami terenowymi, zawieranie umów z kontrahentami na organizację imprez dopiero po ich zrealizowaniu, bardzo wysokie koszty związane z utworzeniem i prowadzeniem kanału oraz portalu Poland In, niewłaściwe administrowanie nieruchomościami – to tylko niektóre nie prawidłowości ujawnione przez Najwyższą Izbę Kontroli w Telewizji Polskiej. Kontrola miała odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy spółka właściwie zarządza majątkiem i gospodaruje środkami finansowymi.
5
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Organizacja oraz finansowanie publicznego radia i telewizji w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

63%
Miemiec W., Miemiec M.
Przegląd Prawa i Administracji
|
2018
|
vol. 114
167-184
EN
In the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich, radio broadcasting was dependent on the government. The Federal Republic of Germany, on the other hand, created a legal system that provided the mass media with legal and factual independence. The system of radio and television was influenced by the case law of the Federal Constitutional Court. The public radio and television broadcasters include national broadcasters and joint broadcasters of federal states, organized as public-law establishments with legal personality. The management of broadcasters has been implemented basing on similar principles. The radio broadcasting board is a constitutive and controlling body, the administrative board and the authorizing officer are executive organs. The national radio board consists of people delegated by the parliament, national government, circles and organizations which are significant politically, ideologically and socially, according to the statutory key. The board of Deutschlandradio, a corporation associating ARD, ZDF and national broadcasters, consists of representatives of the federal states, the federal government and social organizations. The radio board selects the majority of the members of the administrative board, selects and dismisses the authorizing officer, consents to the casting of the broadcaster’s management positions, adopts program guidelines, advises the authorizing officer in shaping the program and other basic matters, approves the economic plan, adopts the discharge resolution. The administrative board supports the broadcaster’s economic development, concludes an employment contract with the authorizing officer, settles disputes between the authorizing officer and the broadcaster, supervises the management of cases by the authorizing officer, controls the budget and annual closure drawn up by the authorizing officer, publishes the balance sheet and the annual report, takes decisions on contracts if there is no competent authorizing officer. The broadcasters are legally supervised (by the competent government or minister). The internal control exercised by the radio board plays a fundamental role in the area of ensuring compliance with the law. German radio and television is financed by levies — initially from fees, and starting on 1.01.2013 from contributions levied on households. There is financial equalization in public radio and television. Such a system of financing provides the public media with independence and ensures the implementation of their statutory tasks, in particular the fulfilment of the public mission.
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