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EN
The Albanian challenges have been insistent not just for domestic researchers, academics, or even Albanian citizens; they pique a lot of people in different geographic positions, first of all, the European ones, because by a strong European drive Albanian progresses have been oriented. This brings a great necessity to watch very close those evolutions, processes and the impacts they have in the Albanian social tissue. At the same time, it is very important to understand what streamline has been followed till now by micro and macro processes which have affected the systems affecting thou the relations between pairs, which not necessarily are being expressed in standards. There is no sustainable change or improvement, if it is not built at the cellular level, and when we talk about the state, institutions and citizens, the way they relate, if it is standardized or not by laws or procedures, it becomes the most important reading that we must do to understand the substratum of those changes. Relations, communications and the future of the communicative situations between citizens and public operators including the public administration during the public service proceedings, indicate the quality and sustainability of Albanian evolutions in social view, as well as the forecasting we can do regarding their impact in the future. To increase complexity, we can add another variable to the communication’s analyses in the public service, which represents an important evolution of Albania in this context, the wide introduction of the Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) in the biggest part of public service provision. This makes us investigate about effects and impacts they have had during the service delivery. We may judge the transparence’s perception related to how much equal citizens consider they are being treated by public operators, what’s the influence it has in the trust climate, notably on the citizens trust towards public administration, whose salaries are being paid by public and who theoretically must carry over public interest. We may, as well, investigate the impact that this variable has had in the new dimension of accountability which en bloc, associated by an accurate lawful and institutional monitoring, has been very sensitive and actually they represents mayor arguments of social and political debate in the country.
EN
The author of this article hope to show the essential meaning of the Japanese perspective on law, order and security. Since the 1950s in the USA and European countries we have been witnessing the global expansion and popularity of Budō (Far- Eastern martial arts). Those martial arts positively influence the improvement of security culture. The authors want to show that it is worthwhile to study the achievements of Japanese culture, not only because of their different characteristics, but mainly because they emphasize honor and tradition, which are the specificities of uniformed and public services. The purpose of the creation of “The Seventeen-Article Constitution” was the implementation of ethical principles, which would ensure the security of the state and its residents. This document was based not only on Buddhism, already firmly rooted in Japan, but also on Confucianism. In this work we read that “the Constitution” included the principle stating that each person is part of a particular group, and should live in harmony with other members. Thus, it means to show respect toward all people and to rid oneself of negative thoughts, emotions and actions. “The Seventeen-Article Constitution” also includes the foundations of central management. Moreover, it is considered to be the initial Constitution of Japan.
EN
The paper examines the issue of public service ethos and poses a question how that specific culture fits into the framework of public management. The author states that in the early 21st century, the Weberian model of bureaucracy is under increasing pressure of market-logic driven models of public management. On the other hand, an alternative to both classic bureaucracy and modern public management seems to have emerged in the form of public governance theory. In the context of contradictory influences, Poland 's administration finds itself at a crossroads nowadays, as it struggles with the bureaucratic legacy and underdeveloped public service ethos, while entering the foreign land shaped by not entirely compatible logics of the market and public governance.
EN
The Lithuanian Radio and Television (the LRT 1 ) has been performing the functions of the public service broadcaster for two decades. Its mission is defined by the law; the former state subordination was replaced by the public administration (the LRT Council). The LRT is facing problems that are characteristic of the participants of the European audiovisual sector of the competitive era as well as specific problems of the post-communist states’ development. There were no traditions of public service in Lithuania, the reorganization of the audiovisual sector coincided with dramatic changes in public, political and economic life of Lithuania. Although formally the LRT meets the requirements set for the European public service broadcasting, from time to time, the question of independence of public service arises. The possibility of political power to interfere in the matters of LRT is revealed in the article through the particular case – through the analysis of the so-called Diarchy Case when due to the influence on the LRT the interests of the former and new political majorities clashed. The case reveals that it is possible to make political impact on the public service by announcing aspirations of full depoliticization. It is possible to pursue political goals of the governing majority through financial levels as well. After the idea of subscription fee has remained unrealized we see how difficult it is to find alternative funding sources for the public service broadcaster.
EN
Research background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public sector entities encountered extraordinary difficulties in maintaining the delivery of public services. They were ill-equipped to operate in the unpredictable circumstances of the pandemic, causing a significant impact on the accessibility and quality of public services. This scenario also highlighted the importance of the resilience of the public sector, which entails an organization's capacity to function in a crisis setting and uncover opportunities that might not have been evident during normal circumstances. Purpose of the article: This study aims to assess development trends within public sector resilience and their impact on the quality of public services. As resilience is realized through a three-phase prism - i.e., Planning, Adaptation, and Enhanced Learning - we hypothesize that Adaptation is endogenously interrelated with Planning and positively affects Enhanced Learning, which in turn positively impacts Service Quality. Methods: Two successive surveys were carried out to examine the links between organizational resilience and Service Quality in the public sector. The first involved interviewing 401 senior managers of the organizations that provide public services in Lithuania to assess their level of organizational resilience. The second survey involved questioning individuals aged 18 and above who had used the services of the previously surveyed organizations. In total, 3,609 public service users were interviewed to gather data on Service Quality. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data collected. Findings & value added: The results of structural equation modeling revealed that Enhanced Learning positively and significantly affects Service Quality. The findings of this study suggest that the bounce-back stage of organizational resilience, i.e., Adaptation, indirectly affects Service Quality through the bounce-forward stage, i.e., Enhanced Learning. Thus, Enhanced Learning acts both as an accelerator of Service Quality and as a moderator of the effect that other stages of organizational resilience have on Service Quality. The primary contribution of this article is its discovery that Service Quality develops from Enhanced Learning, implying that the optimal approach to service provision is based on both newly acquired knowledge and experience gained during challenging times. This enables organizations to transform their service delivery in response to the realities of changing circumstances, thereby creating opportunities to prepare for future challenges from the standpoint of a new equilibrium.
Foundations of Management
|
2015
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
129-142
EN
Despite several reviews of generational differences across cohorts regarding their career stages in organizations, relatively few empirical investigations have been conducted to understand cohorts’ perceptions. Hence, there is paucity of studies that explored differences on the construct organizational justice across generational cohorts. The objective of this study was to explore the differences across three generational cohorts (Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers) on dimensions of the organizational justice measurement instrument (OJMI). Data was collected through the administration of OJMI to a random sample size of organizational employees (n = 289). Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were conducted to interpret the data. These findings provide evidence that differences do exist across cohorts on dimensions of organizational justice. In terms of contributions and practical implications, insight gained from the findings may be used in proposing organizational development interventions to manage multigenerational employees as well as to conduct future research.
7
100%
EN
In popular consciousness, the dispute between the communitarians and the liberals focuses on citizens’ individualism and the role and place of the community in contemporary society. However, it is merely a simplified vision of the topic of discussion between supporters of the currents of political thought indicated above. Indeed, a no less essential part of the debate concerns problems associated with the interpretation of the idea and the principles of democracy, their uses and importance in human life.
EN
This paper aims to prove that during the transformation process in Poland of the sectors of general economic interests due to specific economic characteristics of those sectors and the fact that interests of three groups participating in the decision making in this process: government, management and employees turned out being non controversial prevented loosing the monopoly status they initially enjoyed. The method used was the analysis of the stages of negotiation illustrated by subsequent documents of official strategies chosen for three sectors: railway, electricity and the final result illustrated by the structure of the market. Preventing the monopoly status permitted those groups seeking the rent, the monopoly status created or even demand that rent in the form of subsidy from the public authorities budgets by the threat of the strike which is the grave threat in the sectors delivering the service of general economic interest.
EN
The objective of this paper is to present three different models of regional railway passenger transport that emerged in the process of post-communist transition after 1989 in neighbouring countries: Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. After an introduction, the second section of the paper shows the historical, spatial and socio-economic context of the analysis. The three resulting models are presented in the following section. This part of the paper is also devoted to the discussion of the developments, experiences and results obtained in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The final section provides conclusions.
FR
L’objectif de cet article est de présenter trois modèles différents de transport ferroviaire commun au niveau régional qui sont apparus pendant le processus de transition post-communiste après 1989 dans les pays voisins: la Pologne, la République tchèque et la Slovaquie. Après l’introduction, l’article présente dans la deuxième section un contexte historique, spatial et socio-économique de l'analyse. Les trois modèles différents sont présentés dans la section suivante. Cette partie de l’article est aussi consacrée à la discussion des développements, des expériences et des résultats obtenus en Pologne, en République tchèque et en Slovaquie. La section finale présente des conclusions.
PL
The purpose of the article was to present the role and specifics of a significant function of administration, consisting in the organization and provision of public services. Therefore, an analysis was made regarding, among other things, the legitimacy of the administration to perform public tasks, using the example of the administering administration, contemporary understanding of the function of public administration and the shape of contemporary Polish public administration. The role of administration evolved from the direct provision of public (social) services through its own institutions towards direct organization of the provision of services, to limiting its role in organization and responsibility for the standard of services provided by non-public entities. The administering administration is the area of administration that is subject to ever more intense privatization processes. The forms of the administration’s operation, means, as well as entities acting within the framework of this function, have also changed. Such a system improves provision of the services. The ability to adapt public administration to challenges and expectations of modern society in connection with organizing and providing public services, becomes truly important. The administration that is responsible for organizing and providing public services should be conciliatory – it should support the development of the individual, protect them and not limit itself to the administrative and controlling role only. The role of the administration must be modified and the civic sector is a complement to its activities.
EN
The authors of this article hopes to show the essential meaning of the Japanese perspective on law, order and security. Since 50’s in the USA and European countries we are witnessing the global expansion and popularity of Budō (the Far East martial arts). Those martial arts positively influence the improvement of security culture. The authors want to show that it is worthwhile to study Japanese culture’s achievements, not only because of their different characteristics, but mainly because they emphasize the honor and tradition, which are the specificities of uniformed and public services. The purpose of the creation of “The Seventeen-Article Constitution” was the implementation of ethical principles, which can ensure the security of the state and its residents. This document was based not only on Buddhism, already firmly rooted in Japan, but also on the Confucianism. In this work we can read, that “the Constitution” included the principle stating that each person is part of a particular group, and should live in harmony with other members. Besides that, each person should worship the Buddha. Thus it means to show the respect toward all people and to get rid of negative thoughts, emotions and actions. In “The Seventeen-Article Constitution” are also included the foundations of central management. It is also considered to be the initial Constitution of Japan.
EN
The public service sector is a key target of cyberattacks. In order to prevent and effectively tackle such attacks, organisations should continuously develop their defence capabilities. As part of developing such capabilities, public service cybersecurity training is required to teach students about cyberattacks. The present study uses quantitative research techniques including (i) how to identify key requirements for the practical aspects of public service cybersecurity training and (ii) sampling to utilise international best practices from cybersecurity education and conceptual architectures from existing public service organisations. A schematic structure with a two-level practical training course is proposed. On the first level, the students learn about the defence mechanisms of their own info-communication devices and try to prevent attacks in a simulated environment. On the second level, the students apply protection strategies against cyberattacks in organisational infrastructure. Finally, a technical framework is defined to simulate cyberattacks against (a) personal devices and (b) a fictional organisational infrastructure. The specification of a public service cybersecurity training programme should not only focus on theoretical education but also provide practical knowledge to students. By simulating specific attacks, theoretical and practical knowledge can be combined. As a result, students will be able to recognise threats and potential risks from cyberspace.
EN
The paper shows the crucial elements of the Japanese spirit of law and security culture. Since the 1950s, the USA and European countries have witnessed global expansion and huge popularity of the phenomenon of Budō (Far-Eastern martial arts). The rules and traditions of martial arts favorably influence the field of security culture. For instance, The Seventeen-Article Constitution proposed ethical principles whose purpose was to ensure the security of the state and its residents. This document, coined by prince Shōtoku in 604, was based on both Confucianist and Buddhist teachings, which by that time were well rooted in Japan. The Constitution included a principle stating that each person was part of a group, and should live in harmony with other members of the society. Most importantly, the documents instructed that morality should precede law. This notion is very close to the idea of natural law that should be the basis for statutory law. The Articles are also considered to be the first Japanese constitution.
14
88%
EN
The Austro-German population of Ireland in 1936 was 529. Approximately 25% of the adult male cohort were, or became, members of Hitler’s Nazi Party (NSDAP). A small cadre of senior figures in the party were active in recruiting new members as Nazi Germany’s fortunes rose from 1933 to 1939. Some 32 Germans and Austrians resident in pre-war Ireland have been identified as Nazi Party members, although a small number of these were exchange students rather than full-time residents. This paper examines the six NSDAP members who held senior positions in the Irish public service. As Irish state employees they were in a contradictory position: swearing loyalty to Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich while attempting to hold down important jobs on the Irish state payroll. Dr. David O’Donoghue’s article scrutinises the activities of these six men, as well as explaining how they tried, by varying degrees, to serve two masters. The paper also examines their wartime and post-war lives.
EN
The Ombudsman’s Office of public bodies constitutes a strategic and democratic space for communication between the citizen and this Government Institution, aiming at strengthening the mechanisms of social participation. It is essential for its consolidation that the citizen has a space to request information, register suggestions, praise, complaints and denunciations, obtaining an agile and resolute response to his manifestation. For that, it is necessary to improve an Ombudsman with the concept of participative management and democratization of information, which provides an effective service, capable of seeking the solution of the manifestations. In addition, these manifestations must be organized in management reports aimed at informing and subsidizing the managers of public agencies, serving as an instrument for positive changes in the course of the Audits. This article aims to implement proactive actions in order to foster Social Control, through the participation of society and encouraging the exercise of citizenship. In order to carry out this investigation, it was necessary to apply the dogmatic method, as the hermeneutics of the normative texts recommends, but also the need for doctrine and transversality was necessary, since it is an interdisciplinary theme with a high political and sociological content, everything basked by a tradition of egalitarian rationalist thinking and based on international human rights hermeneutics. In conclusion, we identified that the Ombudsman’s Office aims to improve the exercise of Social Control and be another effective tool for institutional management and transformation. Its main task is to promote a dialogue between the public institution and society. For this to happen, citizen participation is essential, representing a strong allied body for the realization of significant changes in Public Administration, which fundamentally cares for the public interest.
EN
While reforming of the Ukrainian state, an important part of ensuring the social process is gender issues, providing equal opportunities for self-realization of a person regardless of gender, age, nationality or social origin. In accordance with the Millennium Development Goals adopted by the world community in 2000, one of the priorities of international development and indicators of social and economic development is ensuring gender equality. The implementation of gender equality ideas contributes to the effective use of human potential and, consequently, to the expansion of human development opportunities. Studying the processes of creation and implementation of gender policy in public administration is one of the new areas of research at the current stage of state formation. Its relevance is due to the processes of democratization of the Ukrainian society and search for ways to increase the effectiveness of public policy concerning equal rights and opportunities for women and men. Nowadays it is paid considerable attention to gender equality aspects by many international organizations. Thus, the United Nations (UN) has developed a number of global Sustainable Development Goals (CDGs) for 2015-2030, which were approved in 2015 at the UN Summit on Sustainable Development and which now all countries are committed to. The fifth of the seventeen CDGs is to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. In 2017, the Government of Ukraine presented the “Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine” national report, which addresses gender equality as an essential task. It is emphasized that in Ukraine it is necessary to create conditions for elimination of all women discrimination forms. In this regard the relevant objectives and basic indicators for their achievement have been identified. Despite the fact that the world pays more and more attention to research in the field of gender equality, in Ukraine this issue remains one of the marginal segments in the public administration science. Therefore a systematic study of the formation of a gender-balanced staff at local executive bodies is becoming important. It is the management staff of local executive bodies that is sharply criticized; its mistakes and misjudgments significantly affect the standard of living, the welfare of citizens of a particular administrative-territorial unit, and the image and authority of government and the state as a whole. In the article it is analyzed the principles and mechanisms of state gender policy in Ukraine in the social and labor area, in particular in the civil service, it is studied the latest changes in the legal framework on gender issues, and it is described the existing legal issues that slow the further development of gender integration in all spheres of public administration, it is developed proposals to improve gender policy legal framework at the current stage.
EN
Setting up public administration which operates effectively and taking over responsibilities, both crucial on the point of view of the democracy indicators, requires great effort from all social stake holders in setting up and maintaining a public service organization. This notion implies the setting in function of the instruments and procedures that prevent undesirable behavior and provide encouragement of good behavior among operators of those services. While doing this, communication as a main component of the public service, calls for structure and control. Ethics or standards of behavior in the public sector are important political and public issues for every country, which is always held as a fundamental prerequisite for “good behavior” (good governance). The Code of ethics by which are expressed the values and standards in the civil service is one of the ethical elements of infrastructure. It enhances the function of orientation (giving instructions for action and behavior), and aims: respect for the law, respect for individuals, personal and professional integrity and efficiency in managing public resources, reinforcing the role and importance that the communication strategies and tools have. Professional association helps to develop judgment and of the necessary skills to enable white collar workers to apply communication strategy and tools and ethical principles in real circumstances. Objective progress can help create an environment where the white collar workers are willing to face and resolve communication problems and ethical disputes, they can even develop essential skills for effective communication and ethical analysis. The mechanisms of awareness about mission and processes of the public service, orientation and internal consulting in the civil service should be available to help white collar workers to apply basic communication and ethical standards in the workplace. Improvements in the legal framework is necessary for the proper functioning of public service, namely: to gain and maintain public confidence.
EN
The human and social security paradigm has been developed and shaped at different levels in various countries and political regions as a result of their diverse development of civilisation. Security in all spheres of social life has become a paradigm of the present and the future and, following its creation, has caused mental changes in the human value system. The system of values developed at universities, in terms of peaceful coexistence, tolerance, respect for the canons of law, and environmental protection, is becoming an interpretation of the quality of human life. This means that universities, regardless of their educational and scientific research profiles, are actively involved in building security in their micro- and macro-environment in the short and long term. The social responsibility of universities to shape a safe environment consists in including the following in the content of education and in the system of values of graduates: human rights, assumptions of humanitarianism, ethics, tolerance, environmental protection, respect for the law, shaping pro-social attitudes, and many others arising from the challenges of the present and future.
19
75%
EN
The aim of the article is an attempt to present more enhanced characteristics of the concept of public utility. It is a term that is also used in economic literature to describe a particular type of economic activity in the public sphere. However, despite the legal definition the category of public utility is not satisfactory and variously interpreted. The discussion conducted in the article is twofold. First, it refers to the formula of public utility enterprises; secondly, it refers to the analysis of the essential characteristics of this sphere of activity. To achieve this goal the author used literature review and legal acts. As a result, the findings concerning the conditions for the functioning of the public utility were presented and the author made an attempt to redefine the term. The article highlights the merits of the enterprise model in a separate legal regime, appropriate to the specific nature of public utility as derogation from the logic of the market.
EN
Ireland's industrial relations have come into a new stage of relationship between the government and social partners after a period of effective social partnership functioning. One of the symptoms of this new approach is a mechanism based on the public service agreements. The Public Service Stability Agreement 2013-2018 - Lansdowne Road Agreement (LRA) can be an example of that kind of pacts. The main goal of this paper, therefore, is a presentation of the agreement including an analysis of its significant records and atmosphere around the pact. To achieve the goal the paper is structured as follows: the introduction includes a short description of social pacts as well as new public service agreements. The second part draws our attention to LRA's records. The third section discusses the attitude of different actors of industrial relations to Lansdowne Road Agreement. Finally, the conclusion is a short summary giving answers to the researched questions.
PL
Po okresie funkcjonowania partnerstwa społecznego w szerokiej tematycznie formule irlandzkie stosunki przemysłowe weszły w nowy etap. Można mówić o ukształtowaniu się nowego podejścia do tworzenia relacji rządu z partnerami społecznymi. Jednym z jego przejawów jest wprowadzenie mechanizmu porozumień tylko w zakresie sektora publicznego. Do takich porozumień zalicza się Umowę stabilizacyjną w sprawie sektora publicznego 2013-2018 - Lansdowne Road (Public Service Stability Agreement 2013-2018 - Lansdowne Road Agreement, LRA). Stąd też głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja tego porozumienia z uwzględnieniem analizy ważniejszych jego zapisów oraz atmosfery wokół niego panującej. Formułuję hipotezę głoszącą, że irlandzkie centralne umowy uległy znaczącej zmianie. Stawiam dwa pytania badawcze: (1) czy redukcji uległa agenda umów centralnych i jaka jest w związku z tym problematyka dotykana przez LRA?, oraz (2) jakie emocje panują wokół porozumienia Lansdowne Road?
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