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Moral Outrage and the Fight for the Reputation of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Qualitative Content Analysis of Posts Below an Interview with Parents of a Woman with Down Syndrome

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Sałkowska M., Zakrzewska-Manterys E.

Polish Sociological Review

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2020

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vol. 209

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issue 1

79-94

EN

The aim of the paper is to identify the causes of moral outrage expressed in the comments published below the interview with parents of an adult woman with Down syndrome who are also co-founders and co-runners of a “Bardziej Kochani” [“Loved more”] Association for parents of persons with Down syndrome. A qualitative analysis of the content of posts was carried out due to the status of the author of the comment (person related to the environment of people with disabilities or not). The article analyses status of emotions in sociology and discusses the perceived roles of the interviewees, especially their assumed responsibility as role models. Main causes of moral outrage emerging from the comments are presented: the way of talking about disability and people with disabilities, issues related to integration in education. Linguistic differences resulting from the status of comments’ authors were also indicated.

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Obraz władzy w programach politycznych współczesnej niemieckiej skrajnej prawicy

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Kałabunowska A.

Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media

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2019

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vol. 4

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issue 2

49-66

EN

One of the contemporary political powers characterised by an ambivalent attitude toward state authority are extreme organisations. Agata Kałabunowska undertakes this issue in the chapter The vision of authority in political programmes of contemporary German extreme right organisations, which aims at depicting the attitude of selected radical organisations toward a broadly defined authority. Based on qualitative content analysis of political programmes, declarations and performances of five German right-wing organisations the author tackles the question about their attitude towards the actual state authority, as well as about their desired model of executing power. Several elements of the far right’ criticism towards authorities have been analysed, such as subservience to the foreign power of international organisations, faulty immigration policies, pressure within political parties or excessive bureaucratisation. The author points out that the multitude of far right’ arguments against current authorities is not equaled by quality or quantity of suggested political alternatives. The potential efficiency of suggested solutions is uncertain, which is accompanied by lack of exact vision on how to put them in practice, which makes these proposals unrealistic. What is more, due to the fact that the German extreme right does participate in the contested political game its message seems untrustworthy. The far right appears not capable – and definitely not willing – to fix the current system, allegedly depriving the nation from its real influence on the decision making process. This observation leads to the conclusion that the far right’ ideal vision of exercising power would be based on negation or distortion of current solutions. Although it was not possible to outline how this ideal would look like in details, the author concludes that we can expect from the extreme right that its imagined political authority will be inconsistent with liberal democratic rules, albeit not necessarily authoritarian nor totalitarian.

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Käsitused kasvatusest eesti vanasõnades ja kasvatusteaduses

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Makoid B., Liimets A.

Mäetagused

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2021

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vol. 80

31-70

EN

In this article, we have set ourselves a goal to identify how the conceptions of education contained in Estonian proverbs coincide with the corresponding educational thought in Estonia. We have empirically studied 655 Estonian proverbs that directly refer to a child, growing up, upbringing and parents as well as the methods of education. In the empirical research, we look at whether and how it is possible to semantically categorize and define proverbs based on the educational meanings in their content. To have a clearer system for analysis, we created a comprehensive scheme of categories. The four main categories with subcategories formed during the work. As can be concluded from the analysis of proverbs, the everyday wisdom that lies in them mostly coincides with behaviouristic conceptions of education as interaction and development management. According to educational scientist Heino Liimets, the interaction becomes truly mutual, but only at the highest level of acceptance of the educator’s influence – internal acceptance or interiorization. At lower levels, i.e., only agreeing to or external identification of influence, this is an influence from the educator’s position of power where the educable is passive, subordinate, and obeys commands. This content is characterized by behaviouristic thinking in educational science and can also be observed in proverbs. Behaviouristic beliefs also address the need of the proverbs to take into account the peculiarity of a child in their upbringing, which mainly mean the timeliness of education, i.e., a person can be forced into something only in childhood and youth. Upbringing, education, and learning/teaching are considered practically as synonyms in proverbs and behaviouristic educational science, both being regarded as the management of development from outside a human being. The use of certain educational methods, upbringing, and teaching methods is considered an essential condition for the management of development, education, and teaching, especially in behaviouristic thinking in science. It is a central theme also in proverbs where punishment (incl. physical), ordering, forbidding, disapproving, and causing fear are at the forefront as methods, and praising and “sharing mercy” can be found only to a very limited extent. To speak about Estonian educational scientists, Peeter Põld dealt with the topic of punishment mainly in the first half of the 20th century and Maie Tuulik at the beginning of the 21st century; the latter, however, has completely relied on the ideas of Põld. J. Käis emphasises that the culture, language, and customs of one’s nation are obtained by means of education. Education creates identity and helps socialize. Thus, education occurs as a valuation. The fact that education mediates and reproduces the values and norms valid in society is also clearly evident in Estonian proverbs. In the opinion of Maie Tuulik, modern diversity and ambivalence of values do not allow one clear hierarchy of values to be offered to a child to grow up. According to Põld, the bearer of values should primarily be someone authoritative as an example of education, although Põld himself also sees shortcomings of education based on authority. It levels individuality, promotes passivity and creates conventional values; it does not develop a sense of criticism. The relationships built on authority determine the higher and lower status of someone and, accordingly, the users of and subordinates to the power. Such relationships between parents and children as well as in education appear also in proverbs, which is expected because the world of proverbs expresses the structure of a peasant family characteristic of feudal Estonia. Due to their age, children had a low social status in the family at that time. Social status also depended on the gender. In peasant society, man was the head and provider for the family. Sons had an advantage over daughters: they were given more education and they stayed at the farm. Põld has also associated authority primarily with the father. Thus, education had to reproduce the stereotypically traditional division of roles in a family, which was characteristic of the patriarchal society. The worldview was value-based and normative and divided according to the principle of black and white, containing firm truths about who is a good and who is a bad child. A child who agreed to the upbringing of his/her parents and who respected the parents was considered good. According to Tuulik, such firm beliefs that value the hierarchical nature of relationships should be based on also today. Thus, everyday wisdom and corresponding everyday conscious world found in proverbs is present and reflected in Estonian educational science, especially in the ideas and works of two authors. These are Peeter Põld and Maie Tuulik, who represent a normative Christian-conservative view of upbringing and education, which in science is primarily related to the behaviouristic way of thinking, in which the educable is regarded as a passive object in a relationship of education based on power and authority. Thematically, of course, proverbs are also associated with the thoughts and works of other Estonian educational scientists – in particular, J. Käis, H. Liimets, A. Liimets, J. Orn, and I. Kraav, but in substantive emphasis these scientists represent a cognitive-constructivist, humanistic and hermeneutic-phenomenological way of thinking.

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Małżeństwa wyłącznie religijne w orzecznictwie polskich sądów powszechnych – jakościowa analiza treści uzasadnień sądowych opublikowanych online

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Juzaszek A.

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

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2023

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vol. 37

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issue 4

54-67

EN

In some Western European countries, for a few years now there has been an intense debate concerning the phenomenon of religious-only marriages, solemnized through a religious ceremony. From the perspective of state law, such religious spouses are treated as cohabitees, which places certain limitations on their rights and obligations compared to married couples recognized by state law. In Poland, there is no ongoing discussion on this matter. Furthermore, there are no data regarding the frequency of such relationships, if any. The main objective of this article is to partially address this gap and initiate a discussion. To achieve this, exploratory research was conducted by analysing judgment justifications available online, focusing on cases where the couples were in exclusively religious marriages. Selected justifications underwent qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA software to gain insights into how judges and other participants in the proceedings approach this type of relationship. Another aim of the article is to highlight the legal challenges that religiously married spouses might encounter and to explore potential solutions in this regard. The research indicates that the marriages in question generally did not elicit consternation or negative attitudes in the analysed cases. On the contrary, both judges and participants in the proceedings typically did not question the significance, depth, and permanent character of family bonds formed through religious-only marriages. However, this approach is not reflected in current legislation, which differentiates the rights and obligations of individuals in intimate relationships based on whether a civil marriage has been contracted, often disregarding the actual nature of the relationship.

PL

W niektórych krajach zachodnioeuropejskich obserwujemy od kilku lat wzmożoną debatę dotyczącą związków, które zostały zawarte jedynie w oparciu o religijną ceremonię i zwane są małżeństwami wyłącznie religijnymi (religious-only marriages). Dla prawa państwowego tacy religijni małżonkowie są zazwyczaj wyłącznie konkubentami, co rodzi pewne ograniczenia w zakresie ich praw i obowiązków w porównaniu do osób pozostających w małżeństwach uznawanych przez prawo państwowe. W Polsce ta dyskusja nie jest prowadzona. Nie mamy również żadnych danych na temat tego, czy Polacy wchodzą w takie relacje. Podstawowym zamierzeniem niniejszego artykuł jest chociaż w niewielkim stopniu uzupełnienie tej luki i rozpoczęcie dyskusji. By je zrealizować zostały przeprowadzone eksploracyjne badania dostępnych online uzasadnień sądowych, w których znajdowała się wzmianka o tym, że para przebywała w małżeństwie wyłącznie religijnym. Wybrane uzasadnienia zostały poddane jakościowej analizie treści przy zastosowaniu oprogramowania MAXQDA, by zrekonstruować podejście do tego typu relacji ze strony sędziów oraz pozostałych uczestników postępowania. Dodatkowym celem artykułu było również zwrócenie uwagi na problemy prawne z jakimi mogą się borykać małżonkowie wyłącznie wyznaniowi i rozważenie potencjalnych rozwiązań w tym zakresie. Badania pokazały, że omawiane małżeństwa nie budziły konsternacji ani negatywnego nastawienia w analizowanych sprawach. Wręcz przeciwnie zarówno sędziowie, jak i uczestniczy postępowania nie kwestionowali, co do zasady, istotności, głębi i trwałości więzów rodzinnych, jakie tworzą małżeństwa wyłącznie religijne. Nie ma to jednak odzwierciedlenia w obecnym prawie, które różnicuje prawa i obowiązki osób w bliskich związkach w zależności od tego, czy doszło do małżeństwa cywilnego, niejednokrotnie nie zwracając uwagi na to jak wygląda ich faktyczna relacja.

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General Problems of Public Policy Making in Poland – Qualitative Content Analysis of the Expose Speeches Made by Polish Prime Ministers: Beata Szydło (2015) and Mateusz Morawiecki (2017)

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Pękala M.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2019

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issue 6 (52)

77-91

EN

Article presents the conclusions resulting from a qualitative analysis of speeches giv- en by the Prime Ministers of Poland: Beata Szydło (2015) and Mateusz Morawiecki (2017). The aim of the study was to reconstruct the assumptions concerning public policy, including legal policy and issues related to the state system. The application of qualitative content analysis made it possible to determine, i.a. the main autotel- ic and instrumental values of the Polish legal system, as well as to identify the most important social objectives and ways of their implementation. The analysis of the speeches shows the dilemmas and challenges currently faced by decision-makers in Poland: political and social conflicts, legislative inflation, the need to increase ef- ficiency in public governance, supporting social capital. The main instruments for achieving social goals are: adoption of legal acts (laws and regulations) and the use of economic incentives.

PL

Artykuł przedstawienia wnioski z jakościowej analizy treści wystąpień premierów Pol- ski: Beaty Szydło (2015 r.) i Mateusza Morawieckiego (2017 r.). Celem badania była re- konstrukcja założeń dotyczących polskiej polityki publicznej, w tym polityki prawa oraz zagadnień ustrojowych. Zastosowanie metody jakościowej analizy treści pozwoliło okre- ślić m.in. główne wartości autoteliczne i instrumentalne polskiego systemu prawnego, a także zidentyfikować najważniejsze cele społeczne i sposoby ich realizacji. Analiza tre- ści przemówień ukazuje także główne dylematy i wyzwania, jakie stoją aktualnie przed decydentami kształtującymi politykę publiczną i politykę prawa w Polsce: spory poli- tyczne i światopoglądowe, inflacja prawa, konieczność podnoszenia skuteczności w za- rządzaniu instytucjami publicznymi, wspieranie kapitału społecznego. Głównymi in- strumentami osiągania celów społecznych są: przyjmowanie aktów prawnych (ustaw i rozporządzeń) oraz stosowanie bodźców ekonomicznych.

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1 Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

1 Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media

1 Mäetagused

1 Polish Sociological Review

1 Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

1 Juzaszek A.

1 Kałabunowska A.

1 Liimets A.

1 Makoid B.

1 Pękala M.

1 Sałkowska M.

1 Zakrzewska-Manterys E.

1 2023

1 2021

1 2020

2 2019

Moral Outrage and the Fight for the Reputation of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Qualitative Content Analysis of Posts Below an Interview with Parents of a Woman with Down Syndrome

Obraz władzy w programach politycznych współczesnej niemieckiej skrajnej prawicy

Käsitused kasvatusest eesti vanasõnades ja kasvatusteaduses

Małżeństwa wyłącznie religijne w orzecznictwie polskich sądów powszechnych – jakościowa analiza treści uzasadnień sądowych opublikowanych online

General Problems of Public Policy Making in Poland – Qualitative Content Analysis of the Expose Speeches Made by Polish Prime Ministers: Beata Szydło (2015) and Mateusz Morawiecki (2017)