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EN
Quality in general education has been defined through aims, key qualifications, organisational standards, didactic requirements, but also learning outcomes which depend on students’ proficiency in the language of schooling and their cognitive academic skills. New challenges bring about changes in responsibilities of schools and teachers and have a strong impact on approaches to quality assurance in teacher education, a complex process not devoid of controversies, the most important of which will be identified in the present text. Implications for the curricular content of pre- and in-service language teacher education will also be sought.
EN
This paper focuses on the recent neo-liberal transformation in the Romanian education system and analyzes the genealogy of a new form of academic governance that has been implemented in higher education institutions in the past decade. It examines the role quality indicators and supplementary funding have played in the gradual embedding and naturalization of neo-liberal disciplinary reforms in universities and the specific quality enhancement policies that aimed at increasing the productivity of academic workers by stimulating the competition among them. The main argument of the paper is that in order to understand the extensive academic management based on scientometrics and recurrent evaluation of academics we need to look at the structural mechanisms that have shaped higher education institutions in accordance with market rules and at the generalization of competitiveness throughout the system in the context of budget cuts and decreasing resources allocated to education.
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Glottodidactica
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2017
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vol. 44
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issue 1
23-38
PL
Quality in general education has been defined through aims, key qualifications, organisationalstandards, didactic requirements, but also learning outcomes which depend on students’proficiency in the language of schooling and their cognitive academic skills. New challenges bringabout changes in responsibilities of schools and teachers and have a strong impact on approachesto quality assurance in teacher education, a complex process not devoid of controversies, the most important of which will be identified in the present text. Implications for the curricular content of pre- and in-service language teacher education will also be sought.
EN
Quality in general education has been defined through aims, key qualifications, organisational standards, didactic requirements, but also learning outcomes which depend on students’ proficiency in the language of schooling and their cognitive academic skills. New challenges bring about changes in responsibilities of schools and teachers and have a strong impact on approachesto quality assurance in teacher education, a complex process not devoid of controversies, the most important of which will be identified in the present text. Implications for the curricular content of pre- and in-service language teacher education will also be sought.
EN
The article deals with the issue of quality assurance in alternative schools in EU countries. The goal of the research in general is to compare alternative education systems in traditional EU countries and those joining during two last enlargements in terms of school environment using Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale (ECERS). The research was carried out at two stages – theoretical and practical. For the years 2008 – 11 the author has studied the theoretical approaches to alternative education and peculiarities of legislation in 4 EU countries and Ukraine. The author visited 34 alternative schools of different kinds in Poland, France, Germany, and Bulgaria and collected data for the comparative analysis. The results were presented at ECER 2011 in Berlin.
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2022
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vol. 67
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issue 2 (403)
154-163
EN
The concept of quality is inextricably related to achieving assigned purposes by an organization in an effective and efficient manner1 . When it comes to high quality of audits, it is manifested primarily by conducting procedures according to standards recognized not only at the national, but also international level2 . Like any term, “quality” needs some explanation as well. The aim of the article is to outline the issues of quality assurance and control according to the current international standards (The INTOSAI Framework of Professional Pronouncements, IFPP). The analysis of the documents indicates imprecision and inconsistency of the existing approach with regard to the separated parts of the above-mentioned system. The following sections of the article refer to the understanding of the issues of quality assurance and control in individual principles, standards and guidelines of INTOSAI in order to finally formulate the concept of the chain quality that can be concluded from these documents.
EN
Quality systems are usually developed for the whole institution, but in this article we discuss the possibility of applying a quality system to one study course – Sport English. In higher education institutions (HEIs) the quality system usually employs David Easton’s model, consisting of resources, processes and results. The quality system applicable for teaching foreign languages consists of the quality of teaching, quality of delivery, quality of materials, and quality in assessment. Both models are used in constructing a quality system for a Sport English study course, and the first preliminary results are discussed
EN
The publication discusses the good practices of discount stores in the field of quality assurance of sold goods, with particular focus on the non-food goods in Poland. The research was based on the literature of the subject and data made available by discount networks in stores, advertising newsletters and websites. The article consists of an introduction, a theoretical chapter on social responsibility, quality assurance of products sold in discount stores, an analytical chapter and a summary. The analyzes carried out indicate that the quality of products and the confirmation of product safety through voluntary certification is the expression of the social responsibility of retail chains and more and more often activities are undertaken in this area of the company's operations.
PL
Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie społecznych dobrych praktyk sieci dyskontowych w zakresie zapewnienia jakości sprzedawanych produktów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem asortymentu dóbr trwałego użytku w Polsce. Badania zostały oparte o literaturę przedmiotu i dostępne dane udostępniane przez sieci dyskontowe w sklepach, gazetkach reklamowych i stronach www. Artykuł składa się z wprowadzenia, rozdziału teoretycznego dotyczącego odpowiedzialności społecznej, zapewnienia jakości sprzedawanych w sieciach dyskontowych produktów, rozdziału analitycznego oraz podsumowania. Przeprowadzone analizy wskazują, że jakość produktów oraz potwierdzanie bezpieczeństwa produktów poprzez dobrowolną ich certyfikację stanowi wyraz odpowiedzialności społecznej sieci handlowych oraz coraz częściej podejmowane są działania w tym obszarze działalności firmy.
EN
The article looks at the changes in the Polish higher education system related to the Bologna Process implementation. The special attention is given to the National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education. The first section provides general information on the Bologna Process and the national qualifications framework. Next, the author covers the Polish Qualifications Framework, its rationale, objectives, implementation process and first results. In summary, the author highlights the role of the qualifications framework as a tool for satisfactory fulfillment of the educational needs.
EN
The article presents an analysis of international training programs in the field of quality assurance in order to determine and justify recommendations for the development and improvement of training of Ukrainian specialists in the field of higher education quality assessment and accreditation. The basis for the implementation of the research goal is to use methods such as logical, descriptive (studied international experience of trained experts), comparison (mapped trained experts in different countries), analysis (analysis of the basic principles for the preparation of experts), synthesis (defined practices and applied aspects of the process of training experts), generalization (implementation of the features of training experts in the development of information and communication technologies), analytical (recommendations for solutions weave and improvement of training experts in Ukraine). The introduction of leading European practice is the basis for the development and improvement of training of external experts who evaluate the quality of higher education in Ukraine, and to develop accreditation procedures and ultimately improve the quality of higher education. Based on analysis of the European practice of training foreign experts in the field of quality assurance the following recommendations for the development and improvement of training of experts in Ukraine can be formulated, namely: to develop regulations governing the procedures and conduct training of experts on quality assurance; training of experts should be done regularly and have clearly defined terms of training completion; differentiated training programs for beginners and expert training of leading experts; use of information and communication technologies during the training of experts (the study of theoretical material – introducing distance learning); the practice-oriented approach: practical part of learning is up to 50 % of the total training; develop training and guidelines for the implementation of the training program for experts using the latest teaching practices (problem based learning and case studies); provide training in large (lecture character) and small (detailed analysis of complex situations and decision-making) groups; use leading world experience, inviting international experts.The proposed recommendations will facilitate the development and improvement of training of experts on quality assessment and accreditation of higher education, improve the quality of examination and evaluation of higher education in Ukraine.
EN
The study characterizes the peculiarities of development of the international cooperation in quality assurance (QA) of doctoral training in the context of EHEA development. Chronological analysis of documents of collective subjects of the Bologna process made it possible to find out the factors, principles, directions, forms and trends of the internationalization of the process of doctoral training in EHEA. It is revealed that formation of the normative principles of doctoral training is related to the approval of “Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG)” (Bergen, 2005). Further development of the international co-operation in the QA of doctoral training was acquired during a series of Ministerial Meetings of the Bologna Process Participants (London (2007), Leuven (2009), Bucharest (2012), Yerevan (2015). Clarification of the specifics of QA of doctoral training was made due to the approval of its fundamental principles (Salzburg I), which stated that the key component of the doctoral program is research, which is an integral part of the University’s research programs. The institutional framework for European cooperation in the field of QA of doctoral training has become the international professional network of providers of doctoral programs EUA-CDE. Its participants initiated a series of research on the most pressing problems of doctoral training in EHEA. The study stated that the result of the development of international cooperation in the field of study is the internationalization of QA processes, formation of the European dimension of QA of doctoral training, which has both quantitative characteristics (indicators of the quality of the educational program and research), and qualitative (features of the quality culture of the doctoral training). The systematic and logical analysis of the normative bases and the actual state of the investigated process in Ukraine made it possible to highlight problems and identify prospective ways of participation of the Ukrainian higher education system in shaping the European dimension of QA in doctoral training.
EN
Slovakia’s Matej Bel University (UMB) is an institution that links educational- process quality to key academic and practical outcomes. Adopting a long-term development plan, UMB decided to apply ISO quality standardisation and to implement an ESG-compatible system (Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area) – the former for its focus on the management and continual improvement of processes, and the latter for its concentration on student and stakeholder involvement in evaluating educational quality, its provisions for transparency, and its projection of a quality assurance framework for increased awareness of study programmes and procedures.
PL
Uniwersytet Mateja Bela w Bańskiej Bystrzycy na Słowacji (UMB) jest instytucją, która łączy jakość procesów edukacyjnych z kluczowymi wynikami naukowymi i praktycznymi. Przyjmując plan długoterminowego rozwoju, UMB postanowił zastosować standaryzację jakości opartą na normach ISO oraz wdrożyć system zgodny z ESG (normy i wytyczne dotyczące zapewnienia jakości w Europejskim Obszarze Szkolnictwa Wyższego). Pierwsze działanie zostało podjęte z racji jego orientacji na poprawę zarządzania i ciągłe doskonalenie procesów, a drugie – z uwagi na jego koncentrację na zaangażowaniu studentów i innych interesariuszy w ocenę jakości kształcenia, zapewnienie przejrzystości oraz możliwość przełożenia struktur zapewniania jakości na zwiększoną świadomość odnośnie do programów i procedur związanych ze studiowaniem.
EN
A significant improvement of quality assurance in the higher education institutions is one of the aims of the Bologna Process. In 1995 ENQA (the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education), in collaboration with several other organisations, presented a set of standards and guidelines for quality assurance in higher education. The paper examines a few questions concerning the state of implementation of the internal quality assurance standards and guidelines defined by ENQA at Polish universities, using the case study of one of the leading private technical schools in Poland, the Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology in Warsaw. The study is based on an anonymous survey, conducted in an electronic form, and an examination of the School’s procedures and regulations. The results of the survey and the procedures included in the School’s regulations were confronted with the criteria on quality assurance defined by ENQA (concerning such aspects as the Institution’s policy and procedures for quality assurance, monitoring of programmes and awards, assessments of students, the quality of teaching staff, learning resources and student support, information systems and public information). The findings have shown that there is a noticeable progress in the proquality activity in Polish schools, though there still remains a lot of room for further improvement. It seems that the most important challenge nowadays is to build a good system of communication between all the School’s stakeholders.
PL
Znacząca poprawa jakości w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego jest jednym z celów procesu bolońskiego. W 1995 roku ENQA (Europejskie Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Jakości Kształcenia w Szkolnictwie Wyższym) we współpracy z kilkoma innymi organizacjami przedstawiło zbiór standardów i wskazówek dotyczących zapewnienia jakości kształcenia w szkolnictwie wyższym. Niniejszy artykuł omawia kilka kwestii dotyczących stanu wdrożenia wewnętrznych standardów jakości określonych przez ENQA na polskich uczelniach na przykładzie jednej z najlepszych prywatnych szkół technicznych w Polsce - Polsko-Japońskiej Wyższej Szkoły Technik Komputerowych w Warszawie. Badanie zostało oparte na wynikach anonimowej ankiety, przeprowadzonej w formie elektronicznej wśród studentów i pracowników oraz analizy procedur i przepisów Uczelni. Wyniki zostały skonfrontowane z kryteriami dotyczącymi zapewniania jakości określonymi przez ENQA (dotyczącymi m.in. polityki i procedur zapewnienia jakości, monitorowania programów, oceny studentów, jakości kadry dydaktycznej, zasobów edukacyjnych i pomocy materialnej dla studentów, systemów informacyjnych oraz publikowania informacji). Wyniki badania pokazują, że nastąpił znaczący postęp w projakościowej działalności na polskich uczelniach, choć wciąż wiele pozostaje do zrobienia. Wydaje się, że obecnie najważniejsze wyzwanie stanowi zbudowanie dobrego systemu komunikacji między wszystkimi interesariuszami uczelni.
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2022
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vol. 67
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issue 2 (403)
142-153
EN
The framework of standards of the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) has been for five years undergoing an in-depth reform process. The constantly developed and modified INTOSAI Framework of Professional Pronouncements (IFPP) focuses on numerous significant aspects from the perspective of the operations of individual SAIs. Special attention is paid to the notion of quality, referring to the overall activity of SAIs and comprising not only compliance with the law and professional deontology, but also the adequacy and accuracy of findings, their proper evidencing and actual impact on the performance of auditees. The framework of principles, standards and guidelines, constantly developed and reformed, comprises numerous references to such notions as quality assurance, quality control, quality management and quality monitoring. The objective of the article is to organise the terminology in the area, as well as to define the chain of responsibility for quality in SAIs, as understood in these pronouncements.
PL
Pojęcie jakości wiąże się z osiąganiem przez daną organizację przypisanych jej celów w sposób skuteczny i efektywny. Dbałość o wysoką jakość kontroli przejawia się przede wszystkim w prowadzeniu postępowań kontrolnych według standardów uznanych nie tylko na poziomie krajowym, ale i międzynarodowym. Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie problematyki zapewnienia oraz kontroli jakości na podstawie systemu zasad, standardów i wytycznych Międzynarodowej Organizacji Najwyższych Organów Kontroli (International Organization of Supreme Audit Institution – INTOSAI). Ich analiza pod tym kątem wskazuje na używanie nieostrych terminów oraz niespójność ujęcia w poszczególnych częściach systemu. Otwiera to pole do interpretacji. W artykule odniesiono się do rozumienia zagadnień zapewnienia i kontroli jakości w poszczególnych zasadach, standardach oraz wytycznych INTOSAI, aby ostatecznie sformułować pojęcie łańcucha jakości, jakie wyłania się z tych dokumentów.
EN
Ouality is perceived as a standard requirement in the modern world, not only in business and industry but also in education. Ouality has stormed its way into education Systems, notably the tertiary education sector. The marketocratic order of the modern world, the commoditisation of knowledge, the academic capitalism and the new paradigm of management in the public sector - all of them inevitably lead to a situation where quality receives special significance in higher education. This can be easily noticed in the processes of institutionalisation of quality assurance which have been occurring for a long time across Europę and, recently, also within the European Higher Education Area. The paper attempts to present a synthetic and temporal perspective on the practice of quality control and quality assurance in the higher education sector in the Nordic countries and in Poland. The main goal of the discussion is to zoom in on manifesting and promoting the culture of quality in higher education. Among other aspects, the authors focus on the divide between external regulations and internalised values which contribute to the culture of quality, and on the application of quality-supporting tool, Total Ouality Management (TOM), previously known mostly from management practices elsewhere.
PL
Jakość jest postrzegana jako standard nowoczesności nie tylko w sferze przemysłu i biznesu, ale wkroczyła z całym impetem także w dziedzinę edukacji, w tym do sektora szkolnictwa wyższego. Rynkokratyczny porządek współczesnego świata, utowarowienie wiedzy, kapitalizm akademicki i nowy paradygmat zarządzania w sektorze publicznym - wszystko to prowadzi nieodwołalnie do nadania jakości w szkolnictwie wyższym szczególnej rangi. Widać to wyraźnie w procesach instytucjonalizowania kwestii zapewniania jakości podejmowanych od dawna w Europie, a od niedawna też w Europejskim Obszarze Szkolnictwa Wyższego. Artykuł stanowi próbę syntetycznego i temporalnego ujęcia praktyki kontroli i zapewniania jakości w sektorze szkół wyższych w krajach nordyckich i w Polsce. Głównym celem zaprezentowanych w nim rozważań jest jednak zwrócenie uwagi na kwestię manifestowania i promowania kultury jakości w szkolnictwie wyższym. W centrum uwagi autorów znalazły się m.in. rozdział między regulacjami zewnętrznymi a uwewnętrznionymi wartościami składającymi się na kulturę jakości oraz wykorzystanie w szkolnictwie wyższym projakościowego narzędzia stosowanego dotąd w zarządzaniu - Total Ouality Management (TQM).
Medycyna Pracy
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2016
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vol. 67
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issue 2
267-283
EN
This publication presents the principles of organization, implementation, assessment and exploitation of proficiency testing results in the work environmental laboratory based on basic requirements included in standard PN-EN ISO/IEC 17043 and ISO 13528. The basis for the proper functioning of the laboratory is to use and observe the basic requirements for the competence to carry out the tests and the guidelines on ensuring reliable and accurate results, specified e.g., according to the guidelines described in the standard PN-EN ISO/IEC 17043. The confirmation of the laboratory competence is the obtained accreditation. To obtain this certificate several conditions, including proficiency testing (PT) should be met. The main aspects of this paper is to show the role of proficiency testing in the process of assuring a properly functioning quality system in the laboratory. The accreditation requirements, the types of proficiency testing schemes, methods of statistical analysis and interpretation of results are also discussed by the authors. Med Pr 2016;67(2):267–283
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono zasady organizowania i realizowania badań biegłości (proficiency testing – PT) w laboratoriach badania środowiska pracy oraz oceny i wykorzystania uzyskanych wyników z uwzględnieniem podstawowych wymagań zawartych w normach PN-EN ISO/IEC 17043 i ISO 13528. Podstawą prawidłowego funkcjonowania laboratorium badań środowiska pracy oraz gwarancją kompetencji i utrzymywania wysokiego poziomu jakości pomiarów czynników szkodliwych jest wdrożenie i stosowanie skutecznego systemu organizacji, zarządzania i prowadzenia badań, np. według wytycznych opisanych w normie PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025. Potwierdzeniem kompetencji laboratorium do wykonywania określonych badań jest akredytacja. Istotnym narzędziem pomocnym w utrzymaniu kompetencji laboratorium – wykorzystywanym przez jednostkę akredytującą również w procesach akredytacji i nadzoru – jest udział w odpowiednim programie badania biegłości. W pracy omówiono również metody statystyczne niezbędne do oceny prawidłowego przygotowania obiektów do badania biegłości oraz wykorzystywanie tych metod do interpretacji wyników uzyskiwanych przez uczestników programu PT i oceny jakości wykonywanych przez nich badań. Med. Pr. 2016;67(2):267–283
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