Search results - CEJSH

1

Review: "Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon," by Daniel C. Dennett

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Mordarski R.

Forum Philosophicum

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2007

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vol. 12

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issue 1

193-196

EN

The article reviews the book Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, by Daniel C. Dennett.

2

Neosvícení a neposlušní : regulace náboženské praxe a reakce na ni v Čechách ve druhé polovině 18. století (Českokrumlovsko, Vimpersko, Strakonice, Žatec)

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Himl P.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2010

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vol. 7

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issue 2

163-221

EN

Using the example of several (South) Bohemian sites, this study raises the question of whether enlightenment interference in popular religiosity was a new and different type of regulation of popular religious practice to that predating 1750. In canonical visitations in particular the author observes both the endeavours of priests to effect a prohibition or eradication of individual religious customs and traditional local practices, described most frequently as „abuses“ („Missbrauch“, „abusus“). Th e article then focuses on the eff ects of two reforms in the latter half of the 18th century: the reduction in the number of religious hollydays in 1753/54 and the prohibition of bell-ringing to ward off storms and dark clouds in 1783. These reforms took place on a nationwide basis, borne along by ideas of (economic) effi ciency, utilitarianism and protection of the population. Failure to respect these prohibitions was an off ence and so the lower municipal and seignorial authorities classifi ed such behaviour as „irrational“ and „prejudices“, thereby reducing the potential guilt of their subjects. Both before and after 1750, these subjects generally refused to give way to the collective demand for the disposal of funds and mediation of salvation and holiness; the traditional method of protecting crops from bad weather with bells was evidently of such importance to them that they were willing to risk repeated prosecutions. Hence enlightenment reforms of popular religiosity came up against obvious limitations at least up to the end of the 18th century.

CS

Na příkladu několika (jiho)českých lokalit si studie klade otázku, zda osvícenské zásahy do lidové religiozity představovaly odlišný, nový typ regulace lidové náboženské praxe než ty před rokem 1750. Zejména v kanonických vizitacích sleduje autor jednak snahu farářů dosáhnout zákazu či vykořenění jednotlivých religiózních zvyků a místních tradičních praxí, označovaných nejčastěji jako „nešvar“ („Missbrauch“, „abusus“). V druhé polovině 18. století se pak článek soustřeďuje na dopady dvou reforem, redukce svátků v letech 1753/54 a zákazu zvonění na mračna/proti bouřkám z roku 1783. Tyto reformy měly celozemský rámec a byly neseny ideami (hospodářské) efektivity a užitečnosti, resp. ochrany obyvatelstva. Nedodržování těchto zákazů bylo deliktem, proto zejm. nižší, městské a vrchnostenské úřady klasifikovaly toto jednání jako „neracionální“ „předsudky“, čímž snižovaly potenciální vinu poddaných. Poddaní se obecně, před rokem 1750 i po něm, odmítali vzdát kolektivního nároku na dispozici s prostředky a zprostředkovateli spásy/posvátna; tradiční způsob ochrany úrody před nečasem pomocí zvonů pro ně měl zřejmě takovou důležitost, že byli ochotni riskovat opakované postihy. Osvícenské reformy lidové religiozity tak přinejmenším do konce 18. století narážely na zřetelné limity.

3

Review: "Religia i prawda," by Piotr Moskal

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Piwowarczyk M.

Forum Philosophicum

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2009

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vol. 14

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issue 1

163-166

EN

The article reviews the book Religia i prawda [Religion and Truth], by Piotr Moskal.

4

Human rights in the teachings and practices of Benedict XVI

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Zamojska M.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2011

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vol. 40

238-252

EN

Joseph Ratzinger, chosen for the See of Peter 19 April 2005, after three years of papal ministry, may be, in my opinion, considered a worthy continuator of John Paul’s II mission, the latter described as the Human Rights Pope due to his activities in the field. The main goal of this essay is to analyze Benedict XVI’s most characteristic practices and texts, which directly refer to the issue of human rights, especially in the context of respect for and protection of human rights. The next aim is to show the contexts in which John Paul II’s great friend invokes or refers to the legacy of his eminent predecessor and to demonstrate the differences between John Paul II and Benedict XVI’s perception of the significance of human rights in the lives of contemporary societies.

5

Pojęcie i przyczyny powstawania kryzysu religijnego

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Nowosielski M.

Studia Psychologica

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2012

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issue 12/2

95-105

EN

Religious crises are a kind of psychological crises associated with the process of personality development. Authors dealing with religious crisis, in place of this term often applies the concept of conversion or doubt. The term is ambiguous and there is not finally define. Different authors to the religious crisis approach in two ways: Some are discussing this phenomenon more structurally, others describe them more in the context of development. The most comprehensive description of conversion we find on William James. As a scientist dealing with religion, James believed, that you can supernatural made make it more clear and you can try to interpret it psychologically. Given the different understanding of the religious crisis show multiple attempts to describe this phenomenon. All authors we see common elements like: a gradual or sudden, perceptible change in the religious life of the unit, annoying State of emotional tension and doubts in the field of religion. Crisis can end up positively, It means the unit enters the taller, darker level of faith, or can end up adversely, It means the person will go away from the faith completely or become agnostic.

6

Niczego nie potrafimy powiedzieć: antropologia apofatyczna?

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Krajewski S.

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2018

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vol. 72

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issue 1-2(320-321)

87-92

PL

Opisać coś słowami w pełni? Na ogół wystarczy opisywać w takim stopniu, w jakim jest to potrzebne do porozumienia. Bóg jest całkowicie nieuchwytny. Nieskończoność jest częściowo nieuchwytna. I nawet liczby naturalne. Także przeczucia, nadzieje, atmosfera. Choć coś się da wyrazić, wiele aspektów pozostaje niemożliwe do uchwycenia. Jest tak nawet wtedy, gdy ograniczmy się do spraw dobrze znanych wszystkim wokół nas i, jak można sądzić, przez wszystkich przeżywanych tak samo lub co najmniej bardzo podobnie. Mój przykład dotyczy jednego z najbanalniejszych naszych zachowań: mówienia „dzień dobry” na górskim szlaku. Jeśli mam rację, to w sposób nieunikniony pojawia się swoista „antropologia apofatyczna”: człowieka i sprawy ludzkie odczuwamy, nie różniąc się między sobą – jeśli nie w ogóle w odniesieniu do wszystkich ludzi, to co najmniej w przyjętej grupie odniesienia – ale nie potrafimy tego opisać.

EN

Describe something comprehensively with words? As a rule, it suffices to describe to a degree necessary for understanding. God is totally elusive. Infinity is partly so, and the same is even true of natural numbers, premonitions, hopes, and atmosphere. Even if something can be expressed it is still impossible to grasp numerous aspects. This is even the case when we limit ourselves to issues well known to everyone around us and, resumably, experienced by all in the same way or at the very least extremely similarly. My example pertains to one of the most banal forms of our behaviour: saying “good day” to others on a mountain trail. If I am correct, then there unavoidably appears a sui generis ”apophatic anthropology”: we experience man and human issues without differing among each other – if not in reference to all people then at least to an accepted group – but are incapable of describing this.

7

Internet and Religion

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Mariański J.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2018

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issue 4/270

PL

This article includes deliberations on a few significant issues concerning the relationship between the Internet and religion. According to these deliberations, every fourth respondent among secondary school students (25.6%) searched for some forms of religious activity within the last six months before the sociological research, especially from among deeply devout persons and regular churchgoers. The overwhelming majority of the surveyed was not interested in this new activity. The young people from secondary schools used the Internet to search for religious content to a limited extent. The researched secondary school students slightly more often informed about looking for religious content on YouTube, on parish, diocese or congregation websites, as well as Internet forums or chats, while the least often on pilgrimage office sites or religious community and organization portals. About every fifth of the respondents attending secondary school attached the same importance (as multiple index indicates) to religious activity in the virtual world as in the real world (from 31.0% to 7.0%). The highest index referred to Internet retreats and sermons, prayers online, virtual parish communities as well as Holy Masses and church services on the web.

8

Walter Kaufmann: Philosopher, Humanist, Heretic by Stanley Corngold

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Dougherty J. P.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2019

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vol. 8

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issue 1

183-186

EN

This paper is a review of the book: Stanley Corngold, Walter Kaufmann: Philosopher, Humanist, Heretic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018). The author concludes that Corngold’s book acquaints the reader not only with the thought of Walter Kaufmann, but also with the thought of a prominent, late twentieth century generation that in effect rejected the source of the very culture that nourished it.

9

Mikhail Murav’ev, a poet and tutor of virtue

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Drozdek A.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2014

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vol. 26

291-302

EN

Murav’ev was a poet of moderate importance for the eighteenth century Russian literature. He was also a tutor of Catherine II’s grandsons, Alexander and Constantine. In this capacity, he prepared numerous handouts to teach Russian history, politics, science, and ethics. Murav’ev stressed the preeminence of virtue in everyone’s life. The voice of the heart should be the guide in resolving moral problems. This voice is the gift of God and as such it can be usually trusted. Thus, morality is based on theology. Murav’ev’s theology presents a grand vision of providential God who appears to be viewed from the unitarian perspective.

10

Wybrane rodzinne uwarunkowania tożsamości społeczno-kulturowej studentów w wymiarze religijnym

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Sobecki M.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2021

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vol. 20

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issue 2

7-25

EN

The article contains selected results of research from spring 2020 among students of universities in Białystok. The author distinguished 9 types of socio-cultural identity in the religious dimension. He also made an attempt to establish a relationship between these types and selected features of the family environment. The following were used as independent variables: the level of parents’ education, opinions of the surveyed students on the level of parents’ religiosity and the relationship between the respondents and their parents in childhood and adolescence. The relationship between the number of children in the respondent’s family and the type of social and cultural identity in the religious dimension were also analyzed.

11

Aspects of Ethnicity, Class and Religion in Case of Slovak Immigrant Communities in the UK

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Rozenfeld J.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2013

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vol. 10

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issue 1

35-61

EN

Since 2004 several tens of thousands of Slovaks arrived in the United Kingdom. A number of Slovak communities have emerged that bear the characteristic marks of diasporas. This paper displays an analysis of these immigrant groups based on online surveys and interviews. Questions of integration versus assimilation are discussed in the light of class, religious affiliation and ethnic identity.

12

The new notion and classification of assemblies in Polish law

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Kołaczkowski B.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2016

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vol. 6

103-116

EN

The topic of this paper is the issue of the notion and classification of assemblies in Polish law, while its direct aim is to analyse and evaluate the regulations of the above issue after the changes introduced by the Act of 24 July 2015 on the Law of Assemblies (Dz.U. item 1485). The discussion is divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the investigation of the very notion of assembly, the second to the analysis of the topic of classification of assemblies – from the perspective of the form of decision of an administrative authority regarding the permissibility of holding the assembly. Following this criterion, assemblies are divided into ones which only require notification and the silent acceptance of the administrative organ, spontaneous assemblies which do not require notification, assemblies which require prior permission, and finally assemblies in the case of which it is necessary to agree on the time and place of holding the assembly with the operator of the road.

13

Mózg a wiara. Neuronalne korelaty przekonań religijnych

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Senderecka M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2016

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issue 61

165-188

PL

Are there brain differences between believers and nonbelievers? In order to investigate the effect of religious beliefs on cognitive control, Michael Inzlicht and his collaborators measured the neural correlates of performance monitoring and affective responses to errors, specifically, the error-related negativity (ERN). ERN is a neurophysiological marker occurring within 100 ms of error commission, and generated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The researchers observed that religious conviction is marked by reduced reactivity in the ACC, a cortical system that is involved in the experience of anxiety and is important for self-regulation. Thus, they claimed that these results offer a mechanism for the finding that religion is linked to positive mental health and low rates of mortality.

14

The influence of religious principles on the formation of the accounting system

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Czerny M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 8

31-45

EN

Factors such as different cultural determinants undoubtedly affect “the shape” of the economy. Mueller, Hofstede and Gray, among others, have studied the impact of the cultural factors on an economy, especially in fields such as accounting. Reflections on the topic have also appeared in the Polish literature, although relatively late. One of the cultural factors is, beyond doubt, religion, forming some ethical attitudes through the transfer of certain values which become the guiding principles for individual actions, exerting an obvious influence on the applicable standards in a given society. The author does not claim to consider the relations between religion and ethics, as only issues concerning a possible to demonstrate influence of religious norms on accounting are raised in the article. The aim is to discuss briefly the impact of Christianity, Islam and Confucianism on accounting systems and practices based on literature studies. In conclusion, the question arises about the sense of the convergence of accounting standards, at least in the context of the current efforts undertaken in this field.

15

ROLA PIELGRZYMEK W KSZTAŁTOWANIU TOŻSAMOŚCI KASZUBSKIEJ

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Mazurek M.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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issue 3

125-143

EN

Next to the language, history (or rather historical memory) or inhabited a territory of the common name, religion is considered as one of the determinants of ethnic identity. Ethnicity happens to be context-sensitive, because of certain ethnic characteristics such as language, customs, traditions, while religion manifests themselves in particular situations. Ethnicity – which is particularly evident in modern times – is multidimensional, because of many ways we can distinguish or define social groups. Religion, in turn, can be treated as a cultural system. This article deals with the role it plays religion (understood as a system of meanings, as a cultural system) in shaping the identity of an ethnic minority – Kashubs. Kashubians, an ethnic minority living in northern Poland, speak a regional – Kashubian. They are predominantly Catholic, and the Catholic religion plays a significant part in their lives (even today). This article presents the meaning of pilgrimage in the creation of Kashubian group identity.

16

RELIGIA A ŻYCIE CODZIENNE, CZYLI M.IN. O WYZWANIACH DLA KOŚCIOŁA KATOLICKIEGO W POLSCE

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Boguszewski R.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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issue 4

27-45

EN

The article, based on the results of nationwide sociological research, answers the questions of the extent to which religion actually determines the Poles’ behaviours. It analyses the ways in which people cope with cognitive dissonance between their religious identity and their opinions/habits etc. which do not conform with the official teaching of the Catholic Church. It also examines the issue of social expectations about changes in the Church and its teachings.

17

Formen des Religiösen in ausgewählten Werken Gertrud von Le Forts

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Piasta E. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2018

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issue 14

83-91

DE

Works by Gertrud von le Fort belong with literary religious discourse and enter a debate between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.The writer sets her plots in the past, most frequently in the Middle Ages, which enables her to offer a critical assessment of contemporary political, ethical and religious issues.The article presents various connections between literature and religion, in terms of both motifs and style. References to religion are found in the thematic, axiological and linguistic layers of her texts. The analysed works comprise the novellas Der Dom (The Cathedral) and Am Tor des Himmels (At the Heavenly Gate) as well as the novel Magdeburgische Hochzeit (The Magdeburg Wedding). These works also reflect the phenomenon of the so-called cultural Christianity. Le Fort’s characters are not indifferent to the religious system, even if they do not fully identify with it.

18

What a Difference 35 Years Can Make

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Worthington, Jr. E. L.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

I review changes in social trends, psychological science, psychotherapy practice, and theology- which have been so profound they have often seemed like revolutions-since the landmark publication by Allen E. Bergin, “Psychotherapy and Religious Values,” in 1980. I attempt to predict some current and future trends that will shape the practice and research in the treatment of religious people for psychological disorders, including theological changes toward more open theology, less doctrinally centered religions, more attention to individual spirituality, and more relational psychology and theology. In the field of psychotherapy research, efficacy studies are no longer the gold standard of research, replaced by large trials demonstrating effectiveness and dissemination. The expensive research required will likely cut the amount of research done on religiously and spiritually accommodated treatments; thus winnowing of treatments is likely in the future. Practitioners will need to become competent to counsel people using many religious and spiritual accommodations. I acknowledge that predicting the future accurately is at best tentative, and I urge that this be read with circumspection.

19

The Path of Theistic Mysticism: The Only Hope for the Future?

80%

Valmiki A.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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issue 1

57-67

EN

Religion and diversified religious experiences are always held suspect and not spared from apprehensions regarding its value, its ethics, its revelatory claims and its approaches. Time immemorial religion and religious experiences have played a pivotal role in building up society for betterment and also for deterioration. Man’s intellectual activity throughout the history was on the line of religion. The sacred in religion has always empowered man in many paths of his life, say, to bring social reformation, be it environmental concern or women empowerment. The sacred in religion have brought wonders in human life.

20

Psychotherapy and the Theological Virtues

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McMinn M. R., McLaughlin P. T., Johnson B. C., Shoup R.

Open Theology

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Several decades ago Bergin promoted the then-controversial idea of considering religious values in psychotherapy. Much has changed in the intervening years; psychotherapists now have numerous resources available to help them in considering religious and spiritual issues in psychotherapy. In addition to considering values, we suggest there is a place to consider religious virtues in psychotherapy. Virtues are distinct from values in that the former assume a telos (created purpose or end). Whereas values focus on who we are, virtues also focus on who we are becoming. Using the three primary values from the Christian religion- faith, hope, and love-we illustrate how a virtue-based psychotherapy might consider the person of the psychotherapist and the transformational process of psychotherapy. In each case we offer potential research questions, as Bergin did in his landmark publication.

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