Search results

1

Using a Surname in a Trademark: Has the Messi Case Changed Case-Law?

100%

Anh L. V., Buchalska J.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 3

67-84

EN

Using a surname as a trademark or part of a trademark has been the subject of numerous case-laws and has been widely discussed in the literature. However, it seems that after the Messi case (cases C-449/18 P and C-474/18 P), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) seems to have departed from their previous approach where it was held that surnames in trademarks should be treated as normal signs. In the Messi case, the CJEU, however, ruled that the reputation of Messi – an internationally famous football player – is so well known that an average consumer, seeing the ‘MESSI’ mark placed on clothing, gymnastic or sporting articles and protective equipment, will establish a link between the mark and the sports personality, despite the similarity between the ‘MESSI’ mark to the ‘MASSI’ brand name, a previously registered trademark. However, this ruling gives rise to the following questions, which this article seeks to address: - How can one prove that someone’s surname is globally recognised? - Why did the CJEU decide that Messi is better known than, for instance, Picasso who was the subject of the previous case? Who else can be as famous as Messi if Picasso was held not to be? - Has Messi changed the CJEU’s approach and opened the floodgates to expand trademark protection for an unlimited number of trademarks?

2

Indirect reciprocity: The concept and psychological mechanisms

100%

Szcześniak M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

107-129

EN

The paper has an exploratory character and provides an overview of selected perspectives on both downstream (“as you scratch someone else’s back, I will scratch yours”) and upstream (“pay it forward”) versions of indirect reciprocity. Sociobiologists’ point of view is presented, as their work has contributed to the fact that the reciprocity of openness to a third party has become a subject of research in other scientific fields. Next, the concept of downstream and upstream indirect reciprocity is explained, according to the nomenclature used by selected mathematical biologists and economists. Finally, a psychological view of both forms of indirect reciprocity (positive and negative) is given through theoretical considerations, examples of empirical studies, as well as selected mechanisms and determinants that may underlie the phenomenon.

3

Postrzeganie reputacji wśród mikroprzedsiębiorstw w procesie zarządzania i budowania trwałych relacji biznesowych

100%

Grzebyk M., Filip P.

Przedsiębiorstwo i Region

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2013

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issue 5

56-64

EN

Attaining and maintaining good reputation is not an easy task, especially for micro-enterprises. Moreover risk of losing it is big. To maintain good reputation such enterprises have to undrestand its importance and the power of its influence. The aim of this article is to circumscribe the importance of reputation for microenterpises, how they cope with buliding it, what kind of factors are taken into account while estimating reputation, what instruments are used in bulding it, and finally what effects it brings.

4

Reputation and its measurement. An institutional approach

100%

Adamska A., Dąbrowski T. J.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 7

51-61

EN

The article deals with the issue of identifying and measuring institutions. As an example, reputation was taken into consideration. The analysis leads to the conclusion that reputation could be treated as an institution and could be measured in the context of its impact on economic outcomes. This measurement can be carried out at three levels of detail: micro, meso and macro, among these the third is the least recognised in new institutional economics.

5

CORPORATE REPUTATION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY AS THE MEASURES OF COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE POSITION – EMPIRICAL ANALYSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLISH BANKING SECTOR

100%

Szwajca D.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 1

91-106

EN

In order to determine the competitive position of a company not only the traditional measures of market position (market share) and financial position (financial ratios) are used, but also the qualitative measures concerning intangible resources. Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are the two most commonly applied qualitative measures. Due to the growing importance of intangible resources, and of reputation in particular, the need arises to use the reputation indicator as a measure of competitive position in achieving a long-term competitive advantage and building the enterprise value. The purpose of this article is to identify the competitive position indicated by the level of corporate reputation in comparison with the customer loyalty indicator and the most popular traditional measures based on the example of banking sector. For calculation of qualitative measures the method of survey was used, conducted among the retail banking customers. The study showed a weak relationship between reputation and loyalty: the banks that received the highest ratings of reputation, obtained the poorest results in terms of loyalty. Due to the limited subjective and methodological scope of research, the results cannot constitute a sufficient basis to prove this thesis, however, they may constitute a good starting point for conducting broader research in this area.

6

Selected methods of studying a college’s image

100%

Kowalska-Jarnot K.

Managerial Economics

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2019

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vol. 20

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issue 2

133-150

EN

Positive image and reputation building are important strategies in developing the permanent recognition of a college in the education market. Although it seems challenging to measure image and reputation, they are an important opportunity to gain a competitive advantage due to the fact that they are unique, hard to imitate and increase a college’s chances of attracting more students. Image management requires systematic marketing research. This article is the author’s proposition for a set of image research methods that can be used by colleges.

7

Reputation determinants of the banking sector in Poland

100%

Idzik M., Gieorgica J.

Bezpieczny Bank

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2019

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vol. 77

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issue 4

81-109

EN

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of reputation of the banking sector in Poland and to segment the society according to the factors that shape the reputation. Banks in Poland have a good reputation. The factors of a good reputation are in clear advantage over the factors of a bad reputation. The most important things in shaping the banks’ reputation are the axiological determinants. Their significance is three times as high as the effectiveness determinants linked to the satisfaction with the banking services, and it is much higher than the impact of the normative determinants connected with the institutional aspects of the banking sector. The three selected homogeneous typological groups of consumers differ from each other in terms of normative, axiological and altruistic determinants that shape the reputation. The effectiveness determinants do not diversify the consumers in terms of their impact on the the banks’ reputation assessment. The most important touch points that shape the banks’ reputation are: consumers’ personal experience, customer service attendants in the banks, friends’ opinions as well as the opinions of the people who are regarded by the consumers as experts. When modelling the reputation determinants, a structural equation modelling method (SEM) was used. Studies were carried out on a nationwide representative sample of N=1000 residents of Poland using the CAPI method in March 2019.

8

Reputacja jako wartość dla klientów kreująca wartość przedsiębiorstwa

89%

Rutkowska A.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 4

37-44

EN

The article focuses on corporate reputation, considered in the context of generating business value through creating value for customers, and impact on customer value for the company. The author showed how thanks to the good reputation the firm creates benefits for customers, which translates into in-creased customer value for the company. Reputation is a valuable and desirable good, which in turn creates the value for both, the company itself and its stakeholders.

PL

Artykuł porusza temat reputacji przedsiębiorstwa, rozpatrywanej w kontekście generowania wartości przedsiębiorstwa poprzez tworzenie wartości dla klientów oraz oddziaływanie na wartość klientów dla przedsiębiorstwa. Autorka pokazała, jak dzięki dobrej reputacji tworzone są korzyści dla klientów, co przekłada się na wzrost wartości klientów dla firmy. Reputacja jest dobrem cennym i pożądanym, przez co jest wartością zarówno dla samego przedsiębiorstwa jak również dla jego interesariuszy.

9

The Image of a University of Economics from the Perspective of University Candidates - Based on the SGH Warsaw School of Economics

88%

Tabor-Błażewicz J.

e-mentor

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2018

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issue 5 (77)

67-72

EN

The article aims at broadening the knowledge in the area of the image of a university. It provides an overview of research on factors influencing the perception of a university and its impact on the satisfaction and loyalty of students. The author also proposes a definition of the ‘university of choice.’ The paper is based on the results of research carried out on a sample of over 400 respondents – candidates for studies at a Polish state economic university: SGH Warsaw School of Economics. One of the aims of that research was to examine their perception of the image of the university. The results obtained indicate the importance of links between the educational offer, the labor market and future careers of candidates, while the conducted factor analysis provides some additional information concerning new trends in economics and business.

10

Digital Reputation Management in American Cancer Hospitals : A Proposed Model

88%

Medina Aguerrebere P., Medina E., Gonzalez Pacanowski T.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2022

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vol. 15

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issue 2(31)

265-285

EN

Cancer patients face complicated situations from an emotional, social and physical perspective. Hospitals help them through implementing corporate communication initiatives based on social media platforms. This win-win relationship allows hospitals to reinforce their brand reputation. This paper aims to better understand how cancer hospitals manage social media platforms for enhancing their brand as well as their relationships with stakeholders. To do that, we carried out a literature review about corporate communication in health organizations, as well as a content analysis about how the top 100 American cancer hospitals managed their corporate website as well as their corporate profile on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for branding initiatives. Finally, we proposed the Reb Model for Branding Cancer Hospitals. We concluded that thanks to social media, cancer hospitals can reinforce their brand because these platforms allow them to promote human values, improve their internal processes and become a true source of scientific information.

11

Self-presentation. Enterprise impression management as part of external reporting

88%

Jaworska E., Bucior G.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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issue 474

150-159

EN

The way companies communicate with stakeholders is, among others, sharing of annual reports containing information on the corporate’s performance. The companies can present financial and non-financial information in a way that will serve their interests, using a variety of narratives. The aim of the study is to present the issues of impression management in the company’s financial reporting and the management strategies used to create the desired image. The method used was an analysis of available literature. The authors were primarily interested in the published research on: (1) the relationship between the following concepts: impression, image, reputation, self-presentation (2) impression management essence (3) impression management strategy in external reporting (4) directions of impression management usage in accounting and reporting. The study is a theoretical basis for further research covering the conduct of Polish companies in the context described.

12

Zmiana wizerunku i postrzegania organizacji w opinii użytkowników sieci

88%

Kurek O., Ochmański H.

Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej

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2013

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issue 2

87-100

EN

Reputation or the way as the organisation is regarded by its business environment very often are the most important factors which can have a strong impact on its chances to compete with other market’s organisations. In the article there have been shown tools that can be used in order to build or change organisation’s image, examples of reputation and information campaigns which were made in Poland, and results of research which main purpose was to evaluate efficient of those campaigns.

13

Public relations and strategic management: Institutionalizing organization–public relationships in contemporary society

88%

Grunig J. E.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2011

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vol. 4

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issue 1(6)

11-31

EN

Public relations is a critical profession in contemporary society, which is characterized by global interaction, relationships, and responsibility. Unfortunately, public relations has been institutionalized as a symbolic-interpretive activity that organizations use to exert their power over publics and to disguise the consequences of their behaviors from publics, governments, and the media. This article discusses an alternative role for public relations as a strategic management rather than a messaging activity. It presents a model of public relations in strategic management and examines research that elaborates segments of the model: environmental scanning, stakeholders and publics, issues and crises, scenario building, cultivating and evaluating relationships, tracing the effect of relationships on reputation, planning and evaluating communication programs strategically, and how digital media can be used to further the strategic management process. It concludes that research is needed on how public relations can be empowered and institutionalized as a strategic management activity.

14

Sweden as a “pariah state” in times of COVID-19 pandemic?

75%

Kobierecka A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 4 (377)

69-96

EN

The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges for the governments. Those challenges refer to many different areas, among others related to aspects of a country’s image. The main research problem relates to whether making different decisions than the majority of governments impacts the perception of a state and whether it makes it a “pariah state”. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, a focus is put on Sweden, which decided to implement solutions far different from the majority of EU member states. Since Sweden is a widely recognized state, it is an interesting case to be analyzed. The main stress is put on how Sweden’s different stance on COVID-19 influences the way it is perceived by other member states and whether it makes it subject to wider restrictions. The research question refers to whether decisions made by the Swedish decision-makers during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the way Sweden is treated and perceived by other EU member states. The research is strongly embedded in the concept of soft power and soft disempowerment. The research is based on a comparative method where data referring to both the stage of epidemics in all EU member states and the scope of implemented restrictions are confronted

15

Dylematy etyczne specjalistów public relations w procesie zarządzania kryzysem

75%

Adamus-Matuszyńska A.

Prakseologia

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2008

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issue 148

81-105

EN

The paper explains what ethical dilemmas a public relations specialist meets when dealing with the process of crisis management. The business ethics of each organisation is created by behaviours and decisions of its employees and managers. The cores of business ethics are values, which influence and determine the activities in every situation. In the time of business scandals, lack of political stability and difficult economic situation there have been some issues and questions expecting for rapid answers. Events such as creative accounting and frauds have shaken audience confidence and loyalty. Tragic accidents during terrorist attacks have also alarmed people in both the economy and society. The mentioned events which involve high profile organizations make many business specialists be more concern about business ethics, responsibility as well as corporate image and reputation. As a result, when managing a crisis a public relations professional has to solve unexpected ethical dilemmas. The ethical values with the idea of responsibility at the top are of significant importance for the contemporary business.

16

Перспективы стилистики дискурса в свете дальней и отложенной прагматики

75%

ХАЗАГЕРОВ Г. Г.

Stylistyka

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2014

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vol. 23

101-112

EN

This páper reports on the dynamics of the anthropocentrism principle which has deter- mined three development stages o f linguistic pragmatics - communicative, cognitive and discursive ones. In the first (communicative) slage the anthropocentrism principle in the pragmatics involves emphasis on speech acts of one communicant. The second (cognitive) stage is characterized by applying to mental States o f the communicant and aims to explain the relationship language - mind ~ speec h , on the one hand, and involvement of interdisciplinary relations, on the other hand. In the third (discursive) stage, the anthropocentrism principle expands to cognitive and speech interaction o f communicants and their groups within discourses of different types signifying the leading role o f linguistic pragmatics in the evolvemenl o f discourse linguistics. An overview of discourse interpretations is given which include: research materiał (discourse is a text, an excerpt of a text or a complex of texts), object (discourse is a process) and subject (discourse is a unity o f communication process and text).

17

Reputacja sektora bankowego w Polsce – wnioski z badania w 2019 roku

75%

Idzik M., Gieorgica J.

Bezpieczny Bank

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2019

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vol. 76

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issue 3

75-93

EN

The aim of the paper is to discuss the main results of the „Banking Reputation” study. It analyzed whether the stability of the banking system is the result of its good reputation or, conversely, whether the banking sector has a good reputation due to its stability and operating rules. Empirical research was carried out on a nationwide representative sample of N = 1000 inhabitants of Poland. Interviews were conducted using the CAPI method in March 2019. Banks in Poland have a good reputation. Good reputation factors definitely dominate over bad reputation factors. Banks have improved the quality of customer relationships, and satisfaction with bank services has increased. The most important factor in banks’ reputation is the correct response by banks and financial safety net in Poland to normative expectations formulated by consumers towards banks.

PL

Celem opracowania jest ocena reputacji sektora bankowego w Polsce w świetle przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych. Badano czy stabilność systemu bankowego jest efektem dobrej reputacji czy raczej sektor bankowy posiada dobrą reputację dzięki swojej stabilności i regułom działania. Badaniami objęto ogólnopolską reprezentatywną próbę 1000 mieszkańców Polski. Wywiady realizowano metodą CAPI w marcu 2019 r. Wyniki dowodzą, że banki w Polsce posiadają dobrą reputację. Czynniki dobrej reputacji zdecydowanie dominują nad czynnikami złej reputacji. W ujęciu dynamicznym banki poprawiły jakość relacji z klientami i wzrosła satysfakcja z usług banków. Według badanych najważniejszym czynnikiem reputacji banków jest właściwa reakcja banków i sieci bezpieczeństwa finansowego na oczekiwania normatywne formułowane przez konsumentów pod adresem banków.

18

Wyzwania dla współczesnych przedsiębiorstw i menedżerów – zarys problematyki

75%

Kaczmarek B.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2015

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vol. 44 cz. 1

241-251

PL

W opracowaniu zaprezentowana została teza, że przemiany zachodzące we współczesnym świecie (tzw. megatrendy rozwojowe) stanowią jakościowo nowe wymagania dla przedsiębiorstw, dla kadry menedżerskiej, ogólnie zarządzania. W opracowaniu analizowane są najbardziej istotne – zdaniem autora – współczesne zadania zarówno przedsiębiorstw (organizacji), jak i menedżerów zarządzających tymi przedsiębiorstwami, wynikające z aktualnych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw w złożonym otoczeniu.

EN

This paper presents the thesis that the changes taking place in the modern world (the so-called megatrends) are qualitatively new demands for businesses, for managers in general, and for management practices. This paper discusses the most important, in the author’s opinion, contemporary tasks both for businesses (organizations), as well as for managers managing those companies.

19

Emocje a skandal polityczny. O sposobach wykorzystania emocji w dyskursie politycznym

75%

Miłkowska-Samul K.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 2

164-183

PL

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, jakie emocje, w jaki sposób i w jakim celu są wyrażane w ramach dyskursu politycznego, w szczególnym kontekście skandalu politycznego. W świetle wciąż następujących zmian w sposobie uprawiania polityki – związanych w znacznym stopniu z wpływem mediów masowych, Internetu – wyrażanie emocji i kierowanie nimi stanowią jedno z podstawowych narzędzi życia politycznego. Personalizacja polityki, jej mediatyzacja i sensacjonalizacja sprawiają, iż rola emocji w walce o poparcie i władzę jest równie istotna, jak kompetencji i merytorycznej wiedzy. Skandal natomiast jest momentem, w którym dochodzi do szczególnej koncentracji emocji, dzięki czemu ogniskuje on pewne mechanizmy walki o władzę przy użyciu takich uczuć, jak: emocjonalizacja przekazu jako narzędzie perswazji politycznej, emocje w odbiorze, jak i w kształtowaniu wizerunku. Rozważania te oparte są na przykładzie życia politycznego współczesnych Włoch i skandalu związanego z premierem Silvio Berlusconim, który stanowi doskonałą egzemplifikację tematyki emocji w życiu publicznym.

EN

The aim of this paper is to show which emotions, how, and to what end are expressed in political discourse, especially in the context of political scandal, in the framework of critical discourse analysis. The changing methods of political battle, related to the influence of mass media and the Internet, have increased the role of emotions as a means of politics. The personalization, mediatization, and sensationalism of political life have led to the recognition of the importance of emotion control and management. Political scandal, which involves extreme emotions and consequently highlights certain mechanisms of political struggle, seems exemplary as far as the study of emotions in politics is concerned. The analysis of emotionalization as a persuasive means, the role of emotions in the reception and interpretation of political messages, and emotions as key factors in creating a positive self-image are based on the example of Italian political scene and scandals surrounding Silvio Berlusconi.

20

Dangerous, Yet Not So Unique. Characteristics of the Chinese Social Credit System

75%

Pabisiak J.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2020

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issue 3 (49)

30-53

EN

Since 2015, the Social Credit System - an initiative of the government of the People’s Republic of China which aims to strengthen trustworthiness of the business entities and citizens, promote obedience to law and customs, and develop the Communist Party of China’s control over social trends and potential threats to the political stability - has been attracting worldwide attention. International media portrays the System as a mechanism which leads China to totalitarianism and destroys hope for development of the Chinese democratic movement. Therefore, interests of both sides, the West and China, are seen as contradictory. Harmful beliefs like the one that Chinese still export products of poor quality and on the Chinese side that the Western ideals lead to demoralization are common thanks to some sort of Occidental and Oriental propaganda. That is why it is necessary to compile and analyze the known facts regarding the Social Credit System, which in contrast to the media narration turns out to be a tool with interesting capabilities, not necessarily contradictory to the other major civilizations’ values.

Refine search results

Using a Surname in a Trademark: Has the Messi Case Changed Case-Law?

Indirect reciprocity: The concept and psychological mechanisms

Postrzeganie reputacji wśród mikroprzedsiębiorstw w procesie zarządzania i budowania trwałych relacji biznesowych

Reputation and its measurement. An institutional approach

CORPORATE REPUTATION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY AS THE MEASURES OF COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE POSITION – EMPIRICAL ANALYSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLISH BANKING SECTOR

Selected methods of studying a college’s image

Reputation determinants of the banking sector in Poland

Reputacja jako wartość dla klientów kreująca wartość przedsiębiorstwa

The Image of a University of Economics from the Perspective of University Candidates - Based on the SGH Warsaw School of Economics

Digital Reputation Management in American Cancer Hospitals : A Proposed Model

Self-presentation. Enterprise impression management as part of external reporting

Zmiana wizerunku i postrzegania organizacji w opinii użytkowników sieci

Public relations and strategic management: Institutionalizing organization–public relationships in contemporary society

Sweden as a “pariah state” in times of COVID-19 pandemic?

Dylematy etyczne specjalistów public relations w procesie zarządzania kryzysem

Перспективы стилистики дискурса в свете дальней и отложенной прагматики

Reputacja sektora bankowego w Polsce – wnioski z badania w 2019 roku

Wyzwania dla współczesnych przedsiębiorstw i menedżerów – zarys problematyki

Emocje a skandal polityczny. O sposobach wykorzystania emocji w dyskursie politycznym

Dangerous, Yet Not So Unique. Characteristics of the Chinese Social Credit System