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INFERIORITY AND VIOLENCE - ISLAMIST TERRORISM SEEN AGAINST THE RESSENTIMENT THEORY

100%
Posłuszna E.
Torun International Studies
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2019
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issue 12
169-179
EN
The paper addresses the problem of the relation between ressentiment and Islamic terrorism. The analyses of that correspondence are carried out on the basis of reflections of Friedrich Nietzsche, a renowned German scholar and creator of the first theory of ressentiment, and two American researchers – Lauren Langman and Douglas Morris. In the author’s view, the transition from ressentiment to terrorism essentially stem from the mechanism of the revaluation of values and the reaction to its final product, namely compensatory values, that manifest itself in the form of fundamentalism and fanatism.
2
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Ressentiment – The History of the Theory: On Interdisciplinarity of Security Studies

80%
Posłuszna E.
Historia i Polityka
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2019
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issue 30 (37)
65-75
EN
The paper presents a brief history of ressentiment (resentment) research in order to shed some light on the importance of these considerations for Security Studies (particularly for the analyses of the broad spectrum of issues related to ideologically motivated violence). Even a cursory overview of the usage of the created by Friedrich Nietzsche concept of ressentiment in social sciences and humanities enables to draw significant conclusions on the importance of interdisciplinarity in the development of reflection on security. Presentation of those conclusions is the main goal of this article.
3
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Psychological Determinants of Individual Radicalisation

80%
Posłuszna E.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2022
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issue 1(51)
119-129
EN
The paper aims to define the psychological foundations of lone wolf activism. The analysis that facilitated attaining this goal was based on the Nietzschean concept of resentment theory of compensatory revaluating values that explain the relationships between inferiority and fundamentalism, fanaticism, and ideologically motivated violence. Based on a phenomenological examination of the phenomenon, the author demonstrates that lone wolf activism is founded on two psychologically and sociologically determined successive processes. The first one occurs when a sense of personal inferiority becomes the source of an envy-based hostile attitude toward the world. Later on, this feeling, due to personality defence mechanisms, which bring about the falsification of “primary desires” and the generation of “secondary desires”, transforms into fundamentalism. The second process takes place when, as the result of fundamentalist legitimisation that arise on the level of social rivalry, given fundamentalism is destituted, resulting in fanaticism. The author believes that the knowledge of both processes is necessary to recognise and combat the terrorist activity of lone ideologically motivated individuals.
4
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Schelerowska kategoria resentymentu w świetle sporów o sekularyzację Zachodu

70%
Banach W.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
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2022
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vol. 54
83-98
EN
The aim of the article is to verify the category of ressentiment developed by Max Scheler in the light of disputes about the sources and causes of secularization. The category of ressentiment is one of the most important subjects of the author’s scientific reflection, being an expression of his particular interest in the functioning of the world of values. On the other hand, the processes of secularization, which have become visible in Western societies in recent decades, are understood here as the result of a decline in interest in religious issues and the disappearance of references to the broadly understood supernatural world. The key issues concern the extent to which the phenomenological conceptual apparatus developed by Scheler can serve today as an effective tool for a fuller understanding of the essence of contemporary disputes over the secularization of the West. Thus, it seems possible to assess the topicality of Scheler’s approach to the world of values as a timeless model and point of reference in research on the changing social reality.
5
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Aleksandra Kiosewa koncepcja samokolonizacji i efekt symmorfozy

61%
Szwat-Gyłybowa G.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2017
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issue 13
EN
Stemming from the general postcolonial theoretical tradition, the concept of self-colonisation proposed by the Bulgarian scholar Alexander Kiosev has proved inspiring to Polish scholars. This article attempts to examine more closely Kiosev’s meandering self-reflective musings on what he called his “metaphor” of self-colonization, an idea he ultimately rejected in view of the undesirable ressentiment it tends to produce. By illustrating the historical and cultural background underpinning the concept of self-colonisation I seek to identify the roots of potential intercultural misunderstanding. Above all, I focus on the consequences of the teleological approach inherent in Kiosev’s concept. Those are expressed in identifying manufactured (sic!) origins with an account which can be couched in the language of a politically and therapeutically conditioned method of research. This leads to a symmorphic deformation of those origins, aligned to the requirements of the modern world.
6
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Nietzsche i teologia

41%
Paluch M.
Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 2
142-160
EN
The paper attempts to propose a Christian reaction to the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. The first part is a concise reconstruction of his anthropological project, undertaken on the basis of his later works. The second part presents the main reasons for the attractiveness of his work and the context in which it was written. In the last part, partly with some reference to Max Scheler’s Ressentiment and Christian Morality, the author sketches the framework of the Christian answer. (1) Placing of the idea of the fullness of new life in the center of Christian soteriology, (2) recognizing the merciful love of God to human beings as an expression of the divine perfection and power and (3) looking for new convincing descriptions of the ways to the divine transcendence against a background of the experiences of self-transcendence (eros and thanatos) are the main elements of the adequate Christian reaction to the proposal of the German philosopher.
7
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Nationalism as a Manipulation of Collective Imaginaries (Stereotypes) of One’s Own and Strangers in Jan Stanisław Bystroń’s “National Megalomania”

41%
Baranowska M.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2024
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vol. 33
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issue 1
29-44
PL
Celem badawczym artykułu jest analiza badań Jana Stanisława Bystronia nad zbiorowymi wyobrażeniami o swoich i obcych, na podstawie których sformułował oryginalną perspektywę postrzegania nacjonalizmu. Pytanie badawcze jest następujące: Czym jest nacjonalizm w poglądach Bystronia? Jako jeden z pierwszych naukowców zwrócił on uwagę na to, że nacjonalizm sprowadza się do manipulacji zbiorowymi wyobrażeniami. Megalomanię narodową (1924) jego autorstwa można uznać za prekursorską pracę w badaniach nad stereotypami. Ponadto celem badawczym jest wskazanie, że uwagi Bystronia na temat megalomanii narodowej wyprzedziły teorie o kolektywnym narcyzmie sformułowane w latach 70. XX w. przez Ericha Fromma i Theodora W. Adorno. Są one do dziś analizowane w literaturze naukowej, także w kontekście badań nad nacjonalizmami. W analizach tych wskazuje się, że źródłem narcyzmu jest resentyment. Ta koncepcja Friedricha Nietzschego jest wykorzystywana również w teoriach dotyczących nacjonalizmów, dlatego została włączona do analizy nacjonalizmu w niniejszym artykule. Badania Bystronia miały charakter interdyscyplinarny, dzięki czemu wskazał nową i w wielu punktach prekursorką perspektywę postrzegania nacjonalizmu. Badania nad jego twórczością też wymagają interdyscyplinarnego podejścia. Z tego względu w opracowaniu wykorzystano efekty badań naukowych z szerokiego spektrum nauk społecznych i humanistycznych. Dzięki temu udało się z szerszej perspektywy zinterpretować wkład Bystronia w badania nad nacjonalizmem.
EN
The research purpose of the article is to analyse Jan Stanisław Bystroń’s research on collective imaginaries of one’s own people and strangers, on the basis of which he formulated an original perspective on the perception of nationalism. The research question is as follows: What is nationalism in the views of Bystroń? He was one of the first scholars to point out that nationalism boils down to the manipulation of collective imaginaries that are the source of prejudice. His National Megalomania (1924) can be considered a forerunner of research on stereotypes. The research purpose of the article is also to point out that his comments on national megalomania preceded the theories on collective narcissism formulated in the 1970s by Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno. They are to this day analysed in scholarly literature, also in the context of research on nationalism. These analyses indicate that the source of narcissism is ressentiment. This concept of Friedrich Nietzsche is also used in theories about nationalism, so it was also included in the analysis of nationalism in this article. Bystroń’s research was interdisciplinary in nature, which allowed him to point out a new and, in many points, pioneering perspective on the perception of nationalism. Research on his work also requires an interdisciplinary approach. For this reason, the study uses references to theories from a wide spectrum of social and humanistic research. As a result, it was possible to interpret Bystroń’s contribution to the study of nationalisms from a broader perspective.
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