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The article deals with the constitutive components of the phenomenon known as “fear of the deceased” in traditional folk rituals at the time of the decease and burial, and with endeavours to prevent the returns of unreconciled dead persons.
EN
The study first briefly outlines European and indigenous historiographic productions examining the relationship between dreams and death. It also focuses on a semiotic definition of the space of sleep and dream on the basis of period printed sources and manuscripts. The core of the paper consists of an overview and subsequent typology of the interconnections between sleep and death, as it emerges from the early modern Czech and Saxon sources.
EN
The paper examines some real personalities in the Early Modern-Age Czech history who appear in legends as revenants (Jiří Tunkl of Brníčko and Zábřeh, Zdeněk senior Kavka Říčanský of Říčany, Rudolf Karel Rašín of Rýzmburk). The paper presents, interprets and evaluates selected legends about these protagonists, describes their common stereotypes and the specificities they characterise, and outlines the legends’ genesis.
EN
The study deals with examples of revenants in the Bohemical Catholic early modern religious prose of the 17th and 18th centuries (postils, eschatological literature, catechisms). It notes the relations between medieval and early modern productions, in particular by transforming visual and audial motifs, and a new emphasis on the verification of history (sources, dating). The main part of the study is a typology of the narrative: the dead appear because of confession (especially imperfect, to show its importance for salvation); to prove the judgment of God (of a supposedly virtuous man); to complete a task or agreement concluded in life. The greatest number of narratives describe the return of revenants from Purgatory to inform people of its form, time in Purgatory, punishment. The revenants help the living or demand help for themselves. The conclusion of the study is devoted to the displacement of revenant history from spiritual literature at the end of the 18th century. This change is illustrated by the views of a south Bohemian teacher, Antonín Borový
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