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Verbum Vitae
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2021
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vol. 39
|
issue 2
429-450
EN
This article seeks to clarify the meaning of animal metaphors contained in Isa 31:4-5. Difficulties in interpreting these metaphors are associated with the Hebrew syntax as well as the proper reading of the symbolism of the characters and animals found within these verses. These issues also raise the question of the message of the whole prophecy: is it an oracle of doom or of salvation? The article provides an overview of previous attempts to explicate the metaphors and proposes a new interpretation of them. It turns out that Isaiah consciously and intentionally uses some ambiguous images and formulas in order to make a specific impression on the addresser. Such literary devices are characteristic of his statements from the last period of his activity (705–701 BC). The new interpretation of animal metaphors presented in this study also results from the structure of the oracle, which has emerged through the use of Hebrew rhetoric methods  
EN
The article presents a rhetorical analysis of online galleries. The author argues that the selection of photographs presented in a gallery serves the purpose of fulfilling a persuasive goal. That is proved by, as indicated in the analysis, the verbal and visual markers of coherence, and the narrativeness visible at the level of individual photographs, groups of photographs, and the entire gallery.
EN
To demonstrate his claim in 1 Cor 11:2–16 about how a Christian man and woman should wear their hair during liturgical worship, Paul uses several types of arguments, including Scripture (vv. 7–12). In v. 7, he states that “A man should not cover his head, because he is the image and glory of God, but a woman is the glory of man” (NAB). Most readers today, question the soundness of such an argument and may accuse Paul of misogyny. Does he not, contrary to what Gen 1:26–27 asserts, contend that the woman was not created in the image of God? The present study argues that Paul’s position can be better understood only if one, on the one hand, highlights the points of his argumentation and, on the other hand, considers the techniques of the Jewish theory of interpretation of the Scriptures in practice at the time of the Apostle. Paul is doing a Midrashic reading of Gen 1–3 narratives about the creation of human beings to assert the importance of both man and woman to behavior during Christian liturgical worship in such manner that they respect their specific dignities. At the end, Paul seems to be more “philogynist” than people use to appreciate.
EN
This study presents a rhetorical analysis of Shadreck Wame, a popular Malawian revival preacher. After an overview of the “rhetorical setting” in which these vernacular sermons were preached in the 1990s, ten “oral-rhetorical techniques” that characterize Wame’s preaching style are identified, based on a corpus of nearly 50 of his Chewa-language sermons that I recorded from radio broadcasts in the 1990s. These features are then illustrated in selections from a specific sermon that Evangelist Wame preached in 1997 in Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. In particular, his situationally-influenced “re-tellings,” or paraphrases, of a familiar biblical text, Christ’s Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Luke 20:9-18), are identified and elaborated upon in footnotes. I conclude this description of a popular preacher’s dynamic, contextualized homiletical style with a number of applications to contemporary communicators in Africa. Both the content and the methodology of this analysis may be significant for comparative purposes when teaching sermonic technique in different, especially non-Western, sociocultural settings.
EN
The article performs an analysis of 46th USA President’s inaugural speech in the spirit of Neo-Aristotelian concepts. The article also contains an analysis of inaugural speech genre, matching Joe Biden’s case as a hybrid, and analyses elocutio and the way the speaker claims the space of communication. The article also refers to Aristotle’s concept of ethos.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu analizę wprowadzającą do sposobów reprezentacji mniejszości transpłciowej w nowych mediach. Poprzez analizę retoryczną wybranych treści związanych z dwoma głośnymi transpłciowymi youtuberami, zidentyfikowano pięć elementów składowych dyskursu na ich temat. Są to: redukcja problemu strukturalnego do osobistego, redukcja indywidualnej rzeczywistości do uczuć, tokenizacja, psychiatryzacja tożsamości transpłciowej i ingroup gatekeeping, czyli selekcja informacji w obrębie danej grupy. Wymienione aspekty dyskursu funkcjonują jako siły ograniczające i formujące medialną reprezentację tego, co w danym dyskursie uznawane jest za transpłciową tożsamość i transpłciowe doświadczenie. W związku z tym osoby transpłciowe nie są w stanie wyrazić własnego doświadczenia, ponieważ jest ono z góry wpisane w stereotyp poprzez strukturę debaty publicznej i wywiadów oraz poprzez określoną reprezentację medialną.
EN
The aim of this article is to provide an analytical introduction upon the ways of representation of transgender minority in new media. Through rhetorical analysis of selected content related to two high-profile transgender YouTubers, we identified five building blocks of given discourse: reduction of a structural problem to a personal one, reduction of a person’s reality to feelings, tokenization, psychiatrization of transgender identity, and ingroup gatekeeping.
Res Rhetorica
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 2
45-60
EN
Every year selected leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) speak to large audiences for regular devotional meetings at Brigham Young University, a private religious college in Provo, Utah. This study investigates the possibility that a rhetorical analysis of devotional speakers could be an effective way to observe typical language features in English public speaking that would be especially helpful for advanced English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students in improving their comprehension and expression skills. Using published transcripts and cassette tape recordings of these Latter-day Saint discourses, the analysis includes lexical, figurative, syntactic, schematic, tonal, and semantic aspects of each devotional speech. The results suggest that such religious discourses contain language details and rhetorical patterns in English that ESL students could learn to recognize, understand, and use persuasively.
PL
Co roku wybrani liderzy Kościoła Jezusa Chrystusa Świętych w Dniach Ostatnich przemawiają do wielu uczestników zgromadzonych na regularnych nabożeństwach na Brigham Young University, prywatnej uczelni religijnej w Provo, w stanie Utah. W artykule przedstawiono hipotezę, iż retoryczna analiza mów głoszonych na nabożeństwach może być skutecznym sposobem poznania typowych cech językowych w angielskich wystąpieniach publicznych a jako taka może być pomocna zaawansowanym uczniom języka angielskiego jako drugiego języka (ESL) w rozwijaniu umiejętności rozumienia i mówienia. Na podstawie opublikowanych transkrypcji i nagrań nabożeństw, przeanalizowane zostały leksykalne, metaforyczne, składniowe, schematyczne, tonalne i semantyczne aspekty każdej mowy. Wyniki sugerują, że religijny dyskurs tego typu zawiera w sobie elementy i wzorce retoryczne typowe dla języka angielskiego, uczniowie mogliby uczyć się ich rozpoznawać, rozumieć i używać w praktyce perswazyjnej.
EN
The author presents a rhetorical analysis of selected scenes from the film Dyrygent (Conductor, 1979), in which Andrzej Wajda painted contrasting portraits of two conductors: Adam Pietrzyk and John Lasocki, showing them in a dialogue with the orchestra and in two different styles of verbal and non-verbal communication. In Wajda’s work the orchestra is a metaphor for society, the nation; the conductor is a type of leader, while conducting is a metaphor for exercising power, exerting influence, gaining obedience and enforcing actions. Like conductors, different leaders have different styles of leading. Having studied the actio of the two conductors, the author has defined their leadership styles as authoritarian and democratic, respectively. In addition, Adam Pietrzyk is described as a formal (institutional) leader, officially designated acting director of the orchestra; John Lasocki is shown as an informal (natural) leader, exerting influence on the ensemble thanks to qualities that are important for the achievement of a common goal. While Adam is a mediocre leader, the Master is a leader who is charismatic, who attracts attention with his style of speech, movement, appearance and his entire personality; he is characterised by high social intelligence and he knows how to treat people on an individual basis, accurately reading people’s reactions. The analysis enables us to recognise the message of Wajda’s Conductor: society may create or do a work together, if the leader acknowledges and respects the community as a collection of different people, whose rights are based on equality, yet do not arise from the equality, but rather from the uniqueness and — in the personalist sense — incommunicability of every participant. Every person in the orchestra — or: in society, nation, in a given time in history — brings to the overall consonance his or her own tone and own interpretation of sound.
The Biblical Annals
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2017
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vol. 7
|
issue 4
459-485
EN
In the present article, the author employs rhetorical method to analyze the coherence of Paul’s argumentation on the new life in Christ in Rom 5–8. First, the topic of new life is examined in the global context of the dispositio rhetorica of Rom 5–8. The three dangers to which the gift of new life is exposed are: 1) the slavery of sin (Rom 6), 2) the defective human self-righteousness (Rom 7,7-25), and 3) the suffering and corruption of the present world (Rom 8,19-23). At the end, the role of the Spirit in Rom 5–8 is discussed. He is the one that liberates mankind from the triple slavery and leads to the fullness of new life, which is to be revealed in the Kingdom of God. The rhetorical reading shows the coherent strategy of Paul who describes the gift of new life in a germinal state, which calls for man’s reliance on the Spirit and the Spirit empowered deeds.
PL
In the present article the author with the use of rhetorical method analyzes the coherence of Paul’s argumentation on new life in Rom 5 – 8. First, the topic of new life is examined in the global context of the dispositio rhetorica in Rom 5 - 8. The three dangers to the gift of new life distinguished by the author are: 1) the slavery of sin (Rom 6), 2) the defective human self-righteousness (Rom 7,7-25), and 3) the suffering and corruption of the present world (Rom 8,19-23). At the end, the role of the Spirit in Rom 5 – 8 is explained. He is the one that liberates mankind from the triple slavery and leads to the fullness of new life, which is to be revealed in the Kingdom of God.  The rhetorical reading shows the coherent strategy of Paul who describes the gift of new life in a germinal state, which calls for man’s reliance on the Spirit and the Spirit empowered deeds.
EN
The subject of this article is the description of selected invectives used to discredit the opponent (mainly the government and the Minister of Health) by vaccination sceptics on the social networking site Facebook. In the discourse in question, we observe diverse linguistic means of depreciation, among which a special place is occupied by those referring to anti-Semitic and war themes. The analytical material is a corpus of texts containing Facebook users' comments. The research focuses on analyzing ways of negative valuing (depreciating) the opponent and shows the linguistic means used for this purpose. Among them are the following terms: jude Niedziel, criminals, Dr. Mengele a.k.a. Niedzielski, covid hitlers, genocide.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest opis wybranych inwektyw służących dyskredytacji przeciwnika (głównie rządu i ministra zdrowia), jakimi na portalu społecznościowym Facebook posługują się osoby sceptyczne wobec szczepień. W omawianym dyskursie obserwujemy zróżnicowane środki językowe służące deprecjacji, wśród nich szczególne miejsce zajmują te, które odwołują się do wątków antysemickich i wojennych. Materiał analityczny stanowi korpus tekstów zawierających komentarze użytkowników Facebooka. Badania koncentrują się na analizie sposobów negatywnego wartościowania (deprecjonowania) przeciwnika i pokazują wykorzystywane w tym celu środki językowe. Wśród nich można wymienić m.in. określenia: jude Niedziel, zbrodniarze, dr Mengele vel Niedzielski, covidowe hitlerki, ludobójstwo.
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Le psaume 18

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PL
Ps 18 jest trzecim najdłuższym w Psałterzu. Swe znaczenie jednak zawdzięcza nie tyle swej długości; wynika ono również i przede wszystkim z faktu, że psalm ten spełnia funkcję podsumowującą: podobnie jak jego dublet znajduje się na końcu Ksiąg Samuela (2 Sm 22), tak Ps 18 wieńczy pierwszą podsekcję pierwszej księgi Psałterza (Ps 1–18). Jego tytuł, szczególnie rozwinięty, to sugeruje: „w dniu, w którym Yhwh wybawił go z ręki wszystkich jego wrogów i z ręki Saula”. Poemat zawiera siedem fragmentów ułożonych koncentrycznie wokół deklaracji o niewinności (w. 21-30), która jednak nie przestaje stwarzać problemy. Stwierdzenie, że te wersety są późniejsze, nie usuwa trudności, a faktycznie świadczy jedynie o niezdolności do rozwiązania zagadki, która jest zawsze w centrum tej koncentrycznej kompozycji. Klucz nie pozostaje ukryty, lecz jest zaoferowany w formule, która wyznacza punkt zwrotny tekstu: „Z wiernymi jesteś wierny” (w. 26).
EN
Psalm 18 is the third longest in the Psalter. Still, its meaning is owed not so much to its length as mostly to the fact that the psalm fulfils a summarising function: similarly to its doublet that ends the Books of Samuel (2 Sm 22) Psalm 18 concludes the first subsection of the first book of the Psalter (Pss 1–18). It is suggested by its particularly expanded title: “when Yahweh had delivered him from all his enemies and from the clutches of Saul”. The poem includes seven fragments arranged concentrically around the declaration of innocence (vv. 21-30) which does not, however, cease to create problems. The statement that those verses are later does not eliminate the difficulties. In fact, it only indicates the inability to solve the riddle which is always in the centre of this concentric composition. The key is not hidden but offered in the formula that marks the turning point of the text: “You are faithful to the faithful” (v. 26).
FR
Le Ps 18 est le troisième plus long du Psautier. Son importance toutefois n’est pas seulement due à sa longueur; elle tient aussi et surtout au fait que ce psaume remplit une fonction conclusive: de même en effet que son double se trouve à la fin des livres de Samuel (2S 22), ainsi le Ps 18 conclut la première sous-section du premier livre des psaumes (Ps 1–18). Son titre, particulièrement développé, le laisse entendre: «au jour où Yhwh le délivra de la paume de tous ses ennemis et de la main de Saül». Le poème comprend sept passages organisés de manière concentrique autour d’une déclaration d’innocence (v. 21-30) qui ne laisse pas de poser problème. Prétendre que ces versets sont secondaires ne saurait lever la difficulté; cela ne fait, en réalité, que témoigner de l’impuissance à résoudre l’énigme que constitue toujours le centre d’une composition concentrique. La clé n’est pas cachée, elle offerte dans la formule qui marque le tournant du texte: «Avec le fidèle tu es fidèle» (v. 26).
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