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Słyszę – słucham – rozumiem. Rola zagadki w poznawaniu świata i języka

100%
Maciejewska A.
Logopedia
|
2022
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
45-64
EN
Modern cognitive research is increasingly engrossed in the role our senses play in learning about world and language. Although from speech therapy perspective, the sense of hearing is the key to enter the world of language – mastering language, communication and cultural competence, both biological fitness, guaranteeing perception of sounds i.e. hearing and the intellectual one i.e. listening, allow to develop knowledge of language structures, world, and to be a part of cultural message.
PL
Udział zmysłów w poznawaniu świata i języka coraz częściej staje się przedmiotem badań kognitywnych. Z perspektywy logopedii wiemy, że kluczem umożliwiającym wejście do świata języka – opanowania kompetencji językowej i komunikacyjnej oraz kulturowej – jest zmysł słuchu. Sprawność biologiczna gwarantująca odbiór dźwięków – słyszenie i sprawność intelektualna – słuchanie umożliwia budowanie struktur wiedzy o języku i świecie, uczestniczenie w przekazie kulturowym. Autorka, wykorzystując zabawę zagadkami w terapii studentów niesłyszących, pokazuje, jakie problemy w identyfikowaniu przedmiotów ukrytych w tekstach mają młodzi ludzie z uszkodzonym słuchem. Także analiza sposobów rozwiązywania zagadek przez osoby słyszące (studentów i uczniów) wskazuje na ich trudności i ograniczenia w rozumieniu takich tekstów. Wykorzystywanie zagadek w pracy nad rozwijaniem sprawności językowej wskazuje na konieczność uwzględniania w terapii logopedycznej treningu w językowym ujmowaniu znaczeń wyrazów i „manipulowania” formą i treścią znaków językowych.
2

Varvisonad ja varvisumbolid eesti moistatuste alaliikides

100%
Voolaid P.
Mäetagused
|
2016
|
vol. 64
69-98
EN
The article analyses colour names in the three most widely spread subgenres of Estonian riddles – classical or ordinary riddles, conondrums, and droodles – focusing on the specific features of each subgenre and their specific differences. The main questions concern the more frequent colour names by subgenres, their more general usage relations, and the use of colours in image creation. Classical riddles belong to a more archaic layer and are, by their nature, poetic descriptions of an object or a phenomenon, in which the image expresses mainly the appearance of the answer object, the facets perceived by senses. Colour names occur frequently in the image creation of riddles, serving as primary indicators in describing an object or a phenomenon and providing a hint at the answer. Classical riddles manifest the importance of colours in the semantic-lexical imagery of riddles (image stereotypes and form patterns), which can roughly be divided into two: 1. In texts with defined subjects, in which the image coincides with the syntactic subject of the descriptive sentence, the subject is often a zoological term, which is complemented by a colour (e.g. clichés such as grey/black/white ox; black pig and red piglets); yet, colour is also essential in human images (e.g. black man, red boy). 2. Texts with undefined subjects, in which the object to be guessed is presented indirectly by means of its activity, qualities, relations, places, time, etc., and colour names are applied in form stereotypes based on some kind of paradoxical differences or contradictions. Conondrums and droodles as more recent subgenres are oriented on humour; they both express cultural stereotypes and symbols by means of colours. As compared to the colour statistics of classical riddles, in conondrums the leading position is occupied by the subject-related term ‘blond’, which marks a fair-haired and fair-skinned person, and is caused by the multitude of jokes about dim-witted blondes that became popular in the second half of the 1990s. Colours play an important role in the absurd questions beginning in ‘What is…?’, as well as internationally known absurd series of elephant-questions, in which the opposition of two colour shades (light-dark, white-black) is widely spread as a humour-creating method. The colour image of the black-and-white droodles often contains the inducing of visual imagination and the occurrence of colour in both the question and answer. Text examples originate from internet databases Estonian Riddles (Krikmann & Krikmann 2012), Estonian Conondrums (Voolaid 2004), and Estonian Droodles (Voolaid 2002), based mainly on the manuscript material of the Estonian Folklore Archives as well as different publications and internet material.
3

Moistatused ja moistatamine Virumaal

100%
Voolaid P.
Mäetagused
|
2017
|
vol. 66
115-138
EN
The article gives an overview of riddles written down in their diversity throughout times in the parishes of Virumaa. The author analyses both the old (classical) and newer layer, including changes in the function and usage context as well as the usership. In addition to the dynamics of form and content layer of riddle texts, attention is parallelly paid to the social functions of the genre, which reflect in the small number of records of usage contexts found in archival materials. Records from Virumaa confirm a more general tendency that the genre which in the peasant society had, besides entertaining functions, also magic and religious importance, today focuses on entertainment.
4
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Teaching English in preschool age selection of methods and techniques

71%
Bojar M.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
|
2021
|
vol. 1
99-116
EN
The main purpose of this article is to present methods and techniques that can be used in the process of teaching a foreign language at preschool age. The rst aspects to be addressed are developmental features of children, such as mechanical memory, short attention span, emotions and physiology of brain. The following issue described in the article refers to conventional methods, such as the Direct Method and the Audiolingual Method. The third part is devoted to unconventional methods, such as the Natural Approach, CLT, the Spiral Language System, as well as methods based on action (TPR), or observation and words. They are supported by interesting techniques that are considered key factors in the discussed topic.
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