Search results

1

The relative input of payoffs and probabilities into risk judgment

100%

Michalaszek A., Sokolowska J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2010

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vol. 41

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issue 2

46-51

EN

The study was designed to investigate the relative input of payoffs and probabilities into risk judgment on the basis of the analysis of information search pattern. The modified version of MouselabWeb software (http://www.mouselabweb.org) was used as an investigative tool. The amount, the kind and the order of information accessed by subjects to evaluate risk was collected from ordinary respondents and respondents trained in mathematics and statistics. In the latter group were 75 students and young researchers working at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The ordinary subjects were 67 Polish students of social sciences. As expected, the NASA group considered more information than ordinary students and searched for more information about probabilities. However, the ratio of information about payoffs to probabilities was close to 1 in both groups. Moreover, average risk rates were similar in both groups. It was also observed that risk rates were positively related with the amount of information about probabilities considered by subjects.

2

Possibilities of Minimising Risks Associated with Threats to Safety of Meat Products

100%

Jakubowska D., Radzymińska M.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2012

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vol. 7

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issue 1

27-39

EN

This paper analysed the opinions of young consumers on chemical contaminations of meat and on methods used by them to minimize hazards. The research was carried out from 2007 to 2009, involving 1568 full-time students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Students from the second to sixth (in the case of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty) years of study were polled using the methods of random sampling and indirect survey measurement. It was found that the safety of meat products as perceived by consumers depended on their confidence in the legal regulations in force and in food producers, as well as on the provision of detailed information on potential risks. It was found that the knowledge of young consumers in the domain of chemical threats involved in meat was not systemized. It was also found that the year of study and the education profile constituted characteristics which differentiated the perception of risk and the methods of minimizing this risk.

3

Impact of positive illusions and experience on decision to invest in own new venture

100%

Zelienková A.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2021

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vol. 65

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issue 3

269-285

EN

Hypotheses. 1) Individuals exhibiting higher positive illusions (overconfidence, unrealistic optimism, illusion of control) would take higher risk manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. 2) Risk attitudes will mediate the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. 3) Experience will moderate the relationship between positive illusions and risk taking manifested in opportunity evaluation and investment decision. Statistical analysis and results. 1) Using simple linear regression it was found that only unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and illusion of control predicted risk taking manifested in investment decision. None of positive illusions explained opportunity evaluation. 2) Using PROCESS macro for mediation analysis it was found that domain-specific risk perception, rather than general risk tolerance, is statistically significant mediator of the relationship between unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and investment decision. 3) Moderation analysis via PROCESS macro showed that only entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between unrealistic optimism for rare positive events and investment decision using own savings. The limitations concerning gender and domain specificity of methods are discussed in the study.

4

Perceptions of technological change at work through a gender lens:

100%

Golsch K., Seegers M.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2020

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vol. 21

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issue 2

32-58

EN

In Germany, like in many other countries, much of the research on technological changes and their consequences has been devoted to investigating the field of industrial production. A shortcoming of this research is that many female-dominated occupations are excluded per se from consideration. However, whether and to what extent men's and women's perceptions of technological changes in their workplace differ is an important subject of debate. This article addresses the following questions: To what extent are men and women experiencing changes in the technologies of their workplace? Are women less likely to experience such changes? Do men and women anticipate to differing degrees a threat to their future job security and the skills demanded of them? And do they expect technological changes in their workplace to impact their health or work performance demands? The analysis, based on data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP, 2015-2017), compares men and women across gender-typical and gender-atypical occupations and identifies conditions that increase or decrease perceived risks of technological change at work. The results indicate that technological change is perceived as most threatening in female-dominated occupations, and especially by women.

5

Risk perception and political alienism: Political discourse on the future of nuclear energy in Hungary

100%

Sarlós G.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2015

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vol. 8

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issue 1(14)

93-111

EN

Th is article analyzes political narratives of the discourse on the future use of nuclear energy in Hungary. In light of the January 2014 parliamentary decision to expand Hungarian nuclear energy production capacity with Russian technology and fi nancing, the article examines parliamentary addresses of the period 2010–2013 to identify and interpret characteristics and changes in nuclear narratives of parliamentary parties and the government. Th e content analysis includes identifi cation of framing, characteristics of choice of language, realization of risk and of benefi t oriented speaking patterns, and the assessment of power relations between the political actors. Th e article argues that the nuclear communication strategies of political parties show distinct approaches: full f ront approach to include nuclear aspects of all possible issues, avoidance that attempts not taking sides in this issue, and re-direction that, within the nuclear framing, places a focus on other aspects with the purpose to re-defi ne the dominant framing and to rule the discourse. Risk awareness patterns range from comprehensive to occasional, selective and latent risk perception structures. Th e Risk Perception Index, comprehending levels of risk and benefi t perception, can serve as a model to measure, in numeric terms, the support or critique of the nuclear agenda.

6

Testing Question Order Effects of Self-Perception of Risk Propensity on Simple Lottery Choices as Measures of the Actual Risk Propensity

88%

Golik J.

ASK. Research and Methods

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2018

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vol. 27

41-60

EN

Uncertainty together with the necessity of making choices inevitably results in risky decisions. For many years now, scientists have been studying notions connected with risk such as risk management, risk perception or risk propensity. While many sophisticated methods regarding measurement of risk propensity have been developed so far, it seems that little attention has been paid to checking whether they are not inherently flawed. The main goal of this article is to check with a simple preliminary study whether questionnaire based methods of risk propensity assessment are not susceptible to question order effects. The research is focused on respondents’ answers to simple lottery choices as measures of their risk propensity. However, what would happen if the respondents were first asked how they perceive their own risk propensity? In order to answer this query a few questions designed to measure risk propensity and self-perception of risk propensity have been interspersed in a questionnaire of another research project. Furthermore, as an additional output of the study, the correlation has been checked between self-perception of risk propensity and the actual assessment of risk propensity based on the questions used. The results of the study show that question order effects are partially present in the setting described. Some conclusions and recommendations for further research are made based on the results. Finally, it can be concluded from the research that simple self-perception of risk propensity was significantly correlated with measures of actual risk propensity used.

7

Risk Perception and Risk Attitude on a Tax Evasion Context

88%

Magessi N. T., Antunes L.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

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2015

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issue 3

8

Perception of risk and risk-taking among the lucky and the luckless

88%

Kolemba M., Maciuszek J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 3

358-370

EN

The experience of good fortune and misfortune often reveals itself in the context of risk. We posed the question of whether there are differences between the lucky and the unlucky in perceiving and undertaking risky behaviours, and if these differences constitute predictors of good or ill fortune. A range of instruments were applied in the research to examine groups of lucky and unlucky individuals in respect of their propensity for taking risk, attitudes towards the risk occurring in various domains, the functions of risky behaviours and manner of taking risky decisions depending on the adopted perspective. The research results indicate a number of differences between the differentiated groups. It occurred that the lucky have a greater tendency than the unlucky to take risks, especially in the social and financial (investment) domains; they prefer instrumental risk; and they are more flexible in applying perspectives for potential outcomes when making risky decisions. We conclude that the results received can be interpreted in the context of predictors of good and bad luck.

9

Chemical risk assessment in hospital settings: A comparison of workers' perceptions, expert opinions, and occupational hygiene measurements

75%

Coşkun Beyan A., Tuna G., Emerce E., İşlekel G.

Medycyna Pracy

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2023

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vol. 74

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issue 4

241-250

EN

Background Harmful chemicals are used in various forms from different sources in hospital settings. The standard gold method in risk control studies still determines exposure by personal or ambient measurements. In the absence of trained personnel, resources, or sufficient time, qualitative methods should be used to assess exposure. This study aims to compare quantitative and qualitative results of chemical risk exposure. Material and Methods Both qualitative (perceptions without monitoring data of the workers and experts) and quantitative perceptions (perceptions with monitoring data) were recorded. Two experts were asked to evaluate exposure intensity in pathology department workers, secretary workers, and cleaning workers. Occupational hygiene measurements were taken based on the occupational health and safety department risk assessment results, expert job analysis, and pilot study measurements. Results While most workers reported feeling highly exposed to chemical risks, the majority of experts reported medium-risk exposures and high-risk exposures. Three occupational hygiene measurements (3/45: 6.6%) exceeded the permissible time-weighted average, and the other results were within the acceptable range. Conclusions There was a significant difference between the estimated exposure and the measured exposure in hospital settings. A correlation was not found between workers’ perceptions of chemical risk exposure and the chemical risk levels measured in this study.

10

Significant predictors of psychological distress in the group of Polish young adults during the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak: Sequential mediation model

75%

Mirucka B., Bielecka U., Mirucka M., Kępińska N.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2021

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vol. 52

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issue 3

11

Conceptual replication study of fifteen JDM effects: Insights from the Polish sample

75%

Sobkow A., Surowski M., Olszewska A., Antoniewska N., Barcik K., Bartkiewicz U., Brzeska A., Brzozowska A., Budrewicz O., Choja J., Choma K., Chorbotowicz P., Filimoniak M., Filip Ł., Gambuś P., Gierlik W., Gonczar T., Goryczka K., Góra M., Haczek M., Hetmańczuk W., Holka Z., Janosz A., Kikowska N., Kołcun J., Kozłowska Z., Kujawińska M., Kuleszczyk M., Lach-Galińska A., Latacz K., Ławniczak A., Majewska K., Makowska K., Mamzer M., Marciniszyn I., Masternak A., Matuszek M., Mehr J., Miela E., Mleczko M., Morga P., Niemczyk M., Ostrowski D., Pełdiak J., Piotrowicz K., Płuciennik A., Ryśkiewicz O., Sekuła W., Sikora M., Sikora N., Sitko D., Sobczak A., Sosenko J., Stando S., Starek K., Ślak Ł., Świtała J., Świtniewska N., Tyc A., Urban O., Wcisło N., Wiśniewska K., Wodzińska J., Zabiełło A., Żygadło M., Zaleskiewicz T., Traczyk J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2022

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vol. 53

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issue 3

12

Ethnic background and risk perception in construction workers: development and validation of an exploratory tool

75%

Ricci F., Modenese A., Bravo G., De Pasquale F., Ferrari D., Bello M., Carozza L., Longhi F., Favero G., Soddu S., Gobba F.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 2

163-172

EN

ObjectivesAmong occupational sectors, construction is still one of the branches with the highest reported numbers of work-related injuries and diseases, which can even lead to death and in many cases induce permanent health consequences. The vast majority of these occupational injuries and diseases are preventable; accordingly, an improvement in preventive strategies, also through a better knowledge of the main factors involved in these events, is one of the most important objectives for better occupational health and safety in the construction sector. Considering the individual factors associated with a higher risk of work-related adverse health effects in workers, an inadequate perception of occupational risks is among the most relevant issues. Risk perception can vary according to different cultural backgrounds, highly influenced by ethnicity, and it affects the relations between workers in the work environment, and the way by with they undergo the specific occupational tasks and manage risky situations frequently occurring on construction sites. Accordingly, the aim of the authors was to develop a new tool for the assessment of risk perception in construction workers with different ethnic backgrounds.Material and MethodsA team of health and safety experts involved in the training of construction workers from various ethnic backgrounds and in different regions of Italy developed and validated a questionnaire-based tool for the evaluation of their risk perception. Furthermore, through a factor analysis, a reference model defining various dimensions of occupational risk perception, relevant for the different ethnicities, was identified.ResultsThe final tool included 12 items aimed to assess the associations between the ethnic background and occupational risk perception of construction workers. The authors identified 4 relevant dimensions: behavioral control, work conditions, safety climate and personal attitude.ConclusionsThe proposed tool should be considered to explore the appropriate ways for the development of effective preventive strategies for construction workers with different ethnic backgrounds in Italy.

13

Postrzeganie ryzyka a działania ochronno-prewencyjne podmiotów narażonych na ryzyko

63%

Jeziorska M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. E.-S.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2013

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vol. 296

EN

Taking any risky action is connected with the way risk is perceived by the individuals. The influence has also decision-makers’ attitude toward risk. Appropriate perception determines suitable coping with risky situations. Inadequate judgment may cause unsuitable actions in relation to existent danger. The way individuals perceive risk and steer their activities is a key issue for entities bringing new products or services onto the market. This article presents brief survey of researches into factors determining risk perception and affecting decision-makers actions.

PL

Na podjęcie przez podmiot działania obarczonego ryzykiem wpływ ma sposób postrzegania oraz stosunek do ryzyka decydenta. Podkreślić należy zatem, że właściwa percepcja warunkuje odpowiednie radzenie sobie z ryzykiem. Niewłaściwa ocena może prowadzić do działań nieodpowiednich w stosunku do istniejącego zagrożenia. Sposób w jaki podmioty postrzegają ryzyko i ukierunkowują swoje późniejsze działania ma kluczowe znaczenie dla podmiotów wprowadzających na rynek produkty i usługi. Artykuł prezentuje krótki przegląd badań nad czynnikami kształtującymi sposób postrzegania ryzyka i ich wpływem na podejmowane przez podmioty decyzje.

14

Wpływ negatywnego afektu na kształt funkcji wag decyzyjnych

63%

TRACZYK J., FUŁAWKA K.

Psychologia Ekonomiczna

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2014

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issue 5

6–25

EN

When making decisions, people tend tooverweight small probabilities and underweight moderate and high probabilities. This bias is stronger for affect-rich outcomes. In the current research, we investigated the influence of object-irrelevant affect on distortions of probabilities. Subjects participated in two independent tasks. In the first one, participants had tofollow sets of stimuli displayed serially on ascreen. Depending on the experimental condition, neutral envelopes were presented with aset of other neutral or negative stimuli. In the second task, subjects declared certainty equivalents for nine lotteries by giving the maximum amount of money that they would pay in order toinsure negatively or neutrally conditioned envelopes from previous task. We estimated the probability weighting function described by two parameters – attractiveness of the lottery outcome and probability discriminability – for both experimental conditions, separately. Participants showed alower mean value of attractiveness for negatively conditioned envelopes. However, the discriminability parameter did not differ between conditions. Additionally, we found that less numerate individuals use object-irrelevant affect tomake decisions under risk, which is expressed in more pronounced distortions in probability weighting.

PL

Podejmując decyzje, ludzie zniekształcają obiektywne wartości prawdopodobieństw: niskie wartości prawdopodobieństw są przeważane, natomiast średnie iwysokie – niedoważane. Efekt ten nasila się wprzypadku loterii, których rezultaty wzbudzają silne emocje. Wartykule zamierzano zweryfikować, czy za efekty zniekształcenia prawdopodobieństw mogą być odpowiedzialne emocje niezwiązane bezpośrednio zprzedmiotem loterii. Badani brali udział wdwóch niezależnych zadaniach. Pierwsze zadanie polegało na śledzeniu serii zmieniających się bodźców. Zależnie od manipulacji, bodziec warunkowy – kopertę zawierającą określoną kwotę – eksponowano wraz zbodźcami neutralnymi lub bodźcami negatywnymi. Wdrugim zadaniu badani podawali ekwiwalenty pewne dla dziewięciu loterii pieniężnych deklarując maksymalną kwotę, którą byliby wstanie przeznaczyć na ubezpieczenie kopert uwarunkowanych neutralnie lub negatywnie wpoprzedniej części badania. Wobu warunkach eksperymentalnych przeprowadzono estymację funkcji wag decyzyjnych opisanej dwoma parametrami – atrakcyjności wyniku loterii oraz różnicowania wartości prawdopodobieństw. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły, że negatywny afekt wpływa na obniżenie parametru atrakcyjności loterii. Nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic wparametrze różnicowania prawdopodobieństw. Dodatkowo wykazano, że osoby oniskich zdolnościach numerycznych zniekształcają prawdopodobieństwa wwagach decyzyjnych wwiększym stopniu niż osoby owysokich zdolnościach numerycznych, ponieważ swoje decyzje opierają na afekcie, który jest nieadekwatnie przypisany do przedmiotu oceny.

15

The impact of Central Asian tourists’ risk perception on their travel intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic

51%

Saidmamatov O., Khodjaniyazov E., Matyakubov U., Ibadullaev E., Bekjanov D., Day J., Marty P., Zhao J.

Turyzm

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2021

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vol. 31

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issue 2

133-153

PL

Kraje Azji Środkowej (Kazachstan, Kirgistan, Turkmenistan, Tadżykistan, Uzbekistan) uznawane są za jedne z najatrakcyjniejszych destynacji, ponieważ ze względu na swoje położenie geograficzne mają do zaoferowania wyjątkowe produkty turystyczne. Pandemia COVID-19 spowodowała jednak znaczące zmiany w działalności dobrze prosperującej branży turystycznej w regionie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań wpływu ryzyka na postawy turystów z Azji Środkowej wobec podróżowania w trakcie pandemii COVID-19, w odniesieniu do ich cech socjodemograficznych. Badanie przeprowadzono w okresie od stycznia do kwietnia 2021 r. na próbie 966 respondentów przy użyciu kwestionariusza internetowego. W ankiecie wyodrębniono cztery główne kategorie potencjalnych zagrożeń: ryzyko zdrowotne, psychologiczne, finansowe oraz związane z podróżą i destynacją turystyczną. Aby zidentyfikować, w jaki sposób postrzeganie ryzyka wpłynęło na zamiary związane z podróżowaniem podczas pandemii, zastosowano regresję nominalną. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że świadomość zagrożeń w czasie epidemii COVID-19 miała istotne znaczenie dla podejmowania decyzji przez turystów z Azji Środkowej. Higiena, dezynfekcja oraz budzący zaufanie system opieki zdrowotnej w miejscu docelowym (21%) będą stanowiły główne czynniki wyboru podczas przyszłych podróży.

EN

Central Asian (CA) countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) are assumed to be one of the most attractive tourist destinations since this particular geographical location holds immense potential in tourism products. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the flourishing tourism sector of these countries has been immensely affected. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of Central Asian tourists' risk attitudes toward traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic through consideration of sociodemographic characteristics. The research was conducted during January through April 2021 based on a sample of 966 respondents via an online questionnaire. In the survey, risks are divided into four main categories: health, psychological, financial and travel destination. Nominal regression was used to identify the way in which risk perception affected travel intentions during COVID-19 and the research findings indicate that Central Asian tourists’ risk perception has done so. Hygiene, disinfection and a reliable health system in destinations (21%) will be leading factors in future travel.

Refine search results

The relative input of payoffs and probabilities into risk judgment

Possibilities of Minimising Risks Associated with Threats to Safety of Meat Products

Impact of positive illusions and experience on decision to invest in own new venture

Perceptions of technological change at work through a gender lens:

Risk perception and political alienism: Political discourse on the future of nuclear energy in Hungary

Testing Question Order Effects of Self-Perception of Risk Propensity on Simple Lottery Choices as Measures of the Actual Risk Propensity

Risk Perception and Risk Attitude on a Tax Evasion Context

Perception of risk and risk-taking among the lucky and the luckless

Chemical risk assessment in hospital settings: A comparison of workers' perceptions, expert opinions, and occupational hygiene measurements

Significant predictors of psychological distress in the group of Polish young adults during the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak: Sequential mediation model

Conceptual replication study of fifteen JDM effects: Insights from the Polish sample

Ethnic background and risk perception in construction workers: development and validation of an exploratory tool

Postrzeganie ryzyka a działania ochronno-prewencyjne podmiotów narażonych na ryzyko

Wpływ negatywnego afektu na kształt funkcji wag decyzyjnych

The impact of Central Asian tourists’ risk perception on their travel intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic