Search results

1

Neo-Endogenous Development and the Revalidation of Local Knowledge

100%

Adamski T., Gorlach K.

Polish Sociological Review

|

2008

|

vol. 160

|

issue 4

481-498

EN

This article is about rural development. This theoretical concept encompasses the perspective of neo-endogenous development, i.e., a developmental idea rooted in the assumption that two different types of resources should be utilised side by side: internal resources, unique for a particular community, and external resources, offered by the state, non-governmental organisations and supranational institutions and organisations. The combination of two major types of knowledge plays an important role in this mechanism: so-called external, expert knowledge contributed by experts and representatives of the said institutions and local knowledge, contributed by members of the local community and based on experience and tradition. The main idea of the article is that only the combination of both types of knowledge will guarantee success, i.e., specific change. This process is empirically illustrated by a case study of the reintroduction of the “Polish red cow” in one of the local administrative districts of the Małopolska voivodeship. This study was conducted in 2005 by a group of sociologists from the Jagiellonian and Ło´dz´ Universities within the framework of the CORASON Project (A Cognitive Approach Towards Rural Sustainable Development), part of the European Union Sixth Framework Programme.

2

The Development of Agriculturein the Siberian Communities of Russia

100%

Kalugina Z., Fadeeva O.

Eastern European Countryside

|

2011

|

vol. 17

55-71

EN

Having many years' experience in rural studies, the authors propose their own understanding of the Siberian communities' future assuming the multifunctional character of rural communities and multiplicity in the rural economy and way of life as well as considering an objective to develop human resources as a priority. Three correlated issues are under study: is a rural territory homogeneous as a subject for strategic planning, what is the object for strategic planning in rural communities and should the paradigm of strategic development be inevitably changed from a medium-range perspective to a long-range one?

3

Rural funerals – yesterday and nowodays (basing on the example of the village of Smardzów)

100%

Szczepańska B.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

|

2018

|

issue 534

116-126

EN

The aim of the study was to try to obtain answers to the following questions: What changes have appeared in the funeral ritual in Polish countryside in the last 60 years and: Can these processes be included in the crisis of death? The research was carried out among women residents of Smardzów, situated 24 kilometres north-east of Wrocław. There were 12 interviews carried out. A research technique used in order to obtain interesting data, constituted an interview with a standardised number of questions. According to the answers of many responders, it is possible to find a lot of changes in funeral rite. Those answers indicate the crisis of death. We no longer deal with death as a public event, people rather die alone in hospitals, not surrounded with their family at home. The funeral celebration has been limited dramatically. The most attention is given to the organization of a funeral feast. All these phenomena are part of the concept of the crisis of death.

4

Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon

100%

Asi L. N., Teri D. T.

International Review of Social Research

|

2016

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

35-39

EN

Food taboos are observed in all traditional societies. In Cameroon, various taboos ranging from food to religious and social have significant impact on the diet of the people. Specific food items are regarded differently by different communities. While in certain communities, some food items are seen as fit for consumption, others deem it unfit. Although food taboos related to culture are more subject to change due to the level of literacy that prevails in the society and due to cultural contacts, violators of taboos suffer grievous consequences. Methods used included key informant interviews, focus group discussions and observations in all studied communities. The objective of the study is to understand how culture (food taboos) influences consumption patterns in traditional communities and the impact of disobedience on the people. This study of Cameroon food taboos has showed that dietary rules and regulations govern particular phases of life and is associated with special events like pregnancy, childbirth, lactation etc. In traditional societies, festivities such as hunting, wedding, and funeral are marked by specific food items. Punishments to violation of food taboos vary across food items and communities as what are considered a taboo in one community is not a taboo in another. Food taboo in some communities is considered as a way to maintain identity creating a sense of belonging.

5

Poziom, struktura i zróżnicowanie przestrzenne bezrobocia w gminach wiejskich w województwie dolnośląskim w latach 2005-2010

100%

Piwowar A.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

|

2013

|

issue 2 (23)

104-123

EN

The article presents the numerical and structural changes of unemployment in rural communities in Lower Silesia Voivodeship. The basic scope of the conducted analyzes included the time period between 2005-2010. It is worth noting that during the period under studies, the number of unemployed people on rural areas decreased in Lower Silesia Voivodeship. Although the problem of unemployment in the studied area concerns mainly middle-aged people, the percentage of people aged over 55 years grew relatively fast in the structure of the unemployed in the studied years. While in 2005. the share reached 5.5%, in 2010 it already reached 11.8%. As it clearly results from the analysis in two districts of Lower Silesia (Wrocław and Jelenia Góra) in 2010 the share of people over 55 years in the structure of unemployment in rural areas exceeded 15%. It is a big challenge for government and non-governmental organizations performing services on the labor market directed at those people. The changes in the structure of the studied phenomenon were noted also when considering the education of the unemployed. In the studied period in the unemployment structure the share of people with vocational and primary education decreased (a total of 6.85 percentage points) and the share of people with higher education increased (by 3.6 percentage points). The highest percentage of unemployed people with higher education in 2005 and 2010 was reported in the district of Wrocław (4.5% and 13.1% respectively). The data presented in this paper indicate a significant spatial variation of unemployment levels in rural communities in Lower Silesia Voivodeship.

6

E. Wolf, Europa i ludy bez historii

88%

Brocki M.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

|

2011

|

issue 1-2

309-311

XX

A review of the book by Eric R. Wolf "Europa i ludy bez historii", Kraków 2009, ss. 600.

7

Geographical and Temporal Dimensions of Bulgarian Attitudes towards the Rural Environment

75%

Staddon C., Genchev S.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2013

|

vol. 49

|

issue 3

375-402

EN

This paper explores certain dimensions of the transformation since 1989 in attitudes towards the environment in one largely rural locality of southwest Bulgaria. There is something of a paradox apparent in rural attitudes and behaviours to the environment: nakedly expropriative on the one hand whilst simultaneously deeply concerned and celebratory on the other. Exploration of this apparent paradox is the primary objective of this paper. The authors present fi ndings from a decennial survey initiative focusing on environmental attitudes and behaviours in a mountainous Bulgarian locality. Results from 1999 and 2011 are presented side by side with a view to identifying temporal and (local) geographical trends in environmental views, attitudes, opinions and behaviours. An analytical perspective, drawing on political ecology and post-structural social theory, is developed and applied.

8

When the state is shirking: Informal solutions for social services provision in Altai villages

75%

Kurakin A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

|

2015

|

vol. 2

145-159

EN

The article contributes to the discussion on the informal economic activity in postsocialist countries. Quite often this activity is related to state regulation. We provide evidence from rural Russia suggesting that state shirking also can give rise to informal economic relations. Empirical data from Altai Krai show that informal transfers from farms to rural municipalities are used to provide rural social sector. Despite the collapse of socialist agricultural system, when rural communities existed under patronage of collective farms, substantial part of the privately owned post-Soviet farms still donate to rural municipalities and population. The article is based on the fieldwork conducted in Altai Krai in 2013 when qualitative data (informal interviews, group discussions, observations) were collected by the author and his colleagues. Gift-giving relations between agricultural producers and municipalities could be described as “natural” bottom-up pattern. We perceive these Soviet-style giftgiving relations as the way to mitigate the weaknesses both of the Russian state rural policy as well as market self-regulation mechanism. Despite it could slow down economic performance of farms, it is the way to prevent rural degradation and depopulation.

9

Ryszard Kamiński, Aktywność społeczności wiejskich. Lokalne inicjatywy organizacji pozarządowych, Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2008, ss. 151

63%

Wasil J.

Facta Simonidis

|

2010

|

vol. 3

|

issue 1

297-301

10

Współczesne role kół gospodyń wiejskich w społecznościach lokalnych (na przykładzie województwa dolnośląskiego)

63%

Szczepańska B., Szczepański J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica

|

2019

|

issue 68

67-79

EN

The article presents the results of research about activities of farmer’s wives’ association. The work aims to show the main activities undertaken by these organizations. Afterwards, an article features how farmer’s wives’ association develop their role in local communities. The basis of the analysis is qualitative research, 24 free interviews with a list of wanted issues, which were carried out in the area of the Lower Silesia Voivodeship.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań dotyczących działalności kół gospodyń wiejskich. Praca ma na celu przedstawienie głównych działań podejmowanych przez te organizacje. W dalszej części zaprezentowano, jak koła gospodyń wiejskich oceniają swoją rolę w społecznościach lokalnych. Podstawą analizy są badania jakościowe – 24 wywiady swobodne z listą poszukiwanych zagadnień, przeprowadzone na obszarze województwa dolnośląskiego.

11

Zapaści gospodarcze na polskiej wsi w XVII i XVIII wieku a postulaty historii ratowniczej. Przykład starostwa krzeczowskiego

63%

Kuc P.

Historyka Studia Metodologiczne

|

2022

|

vol. 52

311-325

EN

Research on the economy of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth usually follows one of two paths: searching for the genesis of the crisis of the farm and serf economy or estimating the scale of war damage. Is it possible to join these two paths and present a complex model of the functioning of local communities during the crisis? Can it be used in the field of the rescue history?

12

„Wieczni wójtowie” – zjawisko wielokadencyjności w gminach wiejskich. Analiza wyników wyborów w latach 2002–2014

63%

Mazurkiewicz B.

Acta Politica Polonica

|

2018

|

vol. 43

|

issue 1

75-87

EN

In 2002, significant changes were introduced in the manner of choosing commune heads, mayors and city presidents, i.e. the universality and directness of the election in the majority system. The new rules of choice influenced local democracy. Therefore, the phenomenon of multi-incumbency among commune heads in 2002–2014 may be a picture of the trust of the rural community to local politicians and their support. The article explored the relationship between gender, age, education of candidates and the phenomenon of multi-sovereignty of gmts. In addition, an answer was sought as to whether the place of election and office (geographical criterion – rural gminas by voivodships) affects re-election. The work assumes that the “eternal commune head” is a person who holds office in the same place for at least three terms.

PL

W 2002 r. wprowadzono istotne zmiany w sposobie wybierania wójtów, burmistrzów i prezydentów miast, tj. powszechność i bezpośredniość wyboru w systemie większościowym. Nowe zasady wyboru oddziaływały na demokrację w wymiarze lokalnym. Dlatego też zjawisko wielokadencyjności wśród wójtów w latach 2002–2014 może być zobrazowaniem zaufania wiejskiej społeczności do lokalnych polityków i ich popierania. W artykule badano zależności pomiędzy płcią, wiekiem, wykształceniem kandydatów a zjawiskiem wielokadencyjności wójtów. Ponadto poszukiwano odpowiedzi, czy miejsce wyboru i sprawowania urzędu (kryterium geograficzne – gminy wiejskie w podziale na województwa) wpływa na reelekcję. W pracy założono, że „wieczny wójt” to osoba, która sprawuje urząd w tym samym miejscu nieprzerwanie przez co najmniej trzy kadencje.

13

Accessing and utilizing services by rural borderland communities in South-Western Nigeria

63%

O. POPOOLA K., E. SPEAK S.

Economic and Environmental Studies

|

2018

|

vol. 18

|

issue 4

1335-1349

XX

Borderland communities hold a strategic position in many countries. However, in spite of this, many of these communities, specifically in Nigeria, are still characterized by neglect and underdevelopment. Based on the above fact, this study explores the service deprivation and coping strategies of rural borderland communities in South-Western Nigeria. The study revealed that the majority of inhabitants of rural borderland (64.0%) get their water supply straight from streams and are bound to cover distances of 500 meters or longer to collect water. Similarly, the majority of them defecate in bush reserves around their houses. Also, the study showed that people can travel across the national border to neighboring countries on a regular basis to access basic services, like healthcare facilities. Likewise, medical personnel or attendants from neighboring countries or towns are called during critical or serious illness to render services which the Nigerian Government does not provide. The development of Nigeria’s frontier areas is therefore of paramount importance and really pending, and must be made priority in urgent and major developmental actions taken in the country.

PL

Społeczności przygraniczne odgrywają strategiczną rolę w wielu krajach. Jednakże, pomimo tego faktu, wciąż aktualną, charakterystyczną cechą wielu z takich społeczności, szczególnie w Nigerii, jest zaniedbanie i niedorozwój. W oparciu o powyższy fakt zbadano poziom niedoboru usług i strategie radzenia sobie z nim przez społeczności przygraniczne w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii. Badanie wykazało, że większość mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich pogranicza (64,0%) zaopatruje się w wodę prosto ze strumieni i jest zmuszona do pokonania odległości 500 metrów lub więcej w celu zebrania wody. Podobnie większość z nich nie korzysta z toalet, lecz krzewów wokół swoich domów. Badanie pokazało również, że ludzie mogą regularnie przekraczać granice sąsiednich krajów, aby uzyskać dostęp do podstawowych usług, takich jak placówki opieki zdrowotnej. Jednocześnie, personel medyczny lub stażyści z sąsiednich krajów lub miast są wzywani w sytuacjach krytycznych lub poważnej chorobie, aby świadczyć usługi, których nie zapewnia rząd Nigerii. Rozwój obszarów przygranicznych Nigerii ma zatem ogromne znaczenie i musi stać się priorytetem w działaniach rozwojowych podjętych w tym kraju.

Refine search results

Neo-Endogenous Development and the Revalidation of Local Knowledge

The Development of Agriculturein the Siberian Communities of Russia

Rural funerals – yesterday and nowodays (basing on the example of the village of Smardzów)

Influence of food taboos on nutritional patterns in rural communities in Cameroon

Poziom, struktura i zróżnicowanie przestrzenne bezrobocia w gminach wiejskich w województwie dolnośląskim w latach 2005-2010

E. Wolf, Europa i ludy bez historii

Geographical and Temporal Dimensions of Bulgarian Attitudes towards the Rural Environment

When the state is shirking: Informal solutions for social services provision in Altai villages

Ryszard Kamiński, Aktywność społeczności wiejskich. Lokalne inicjatywy organizacji pozarządowych, Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2008, ss. 151

Współczesne role kół gospodyń wiejskich w społecznościach lokalnych (na przykładzie województwa dolnośląskiego)

Zapaści gospodarcze na polskiej wsi w XVII i XVIII wieku a postulaty historii ratowniczej. Przykład starostwa krzeczowskiego

„Wieczni wójtowie” – zjawisko wielokadencyjności w gminach wiejskich. Analiza wyników wyborów w latach 2002–2014

Accessing and utilizing services by rural borderland communities in South-Western Nigeria