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EN
Is it possible to respond to contemporary challenges of Christianity from the meta-perspective of philosophy and cultural studies? We have divided the articles presented here into three groups: challenges faced by religion regarding science, challenges of secularisation, and challenges in the Church itself. The articles from the volume do not address these problems in totally different ways. The issues of consistency and rationality of religion become reinterpreted, for example when compared to results of empirical sciences, but also in a broadly understood public debate. We shall try to show a close relationship between the Christian religion and such phenomena as: science, media, churches, medicine, war, law, etc. Our point of departure is a search for the current function of Christianity, with the Catholic Church in the centre, but the questions transcend the present state of a particular religion.
DE
Aus der Begegnung zwischen Goethe und Schiller im Juli 1794 in Jena wird eine tiefe Freundschaft, die sich durch einen intensiven Briefwechsel bis zum frühzeitigen Tod Schillers im Jahre 1805 nähren wird. Dieser formal klassische Briefwechsel, der dem Brief öfters einen kritischen Freiraum verleiht oder ihm die Funktion eines Labors des künstlerischen oder literarischen Schaffens gibt, zeichnet sich durch Originalität am Übergang vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert aus, übt Kritik am Dualismus und öffnet die Perspektiven hinsichtlich einer Versöhnung zwischen bis dahin getrennten Denkgebieten. Die Originalität in den Briefen zeigt sich am Vorschlag, die Wissenschaften und die Literatur nicht mehr einander entgegenzustellen, sondern sie zu artikulieren und somit die Möglichkeit eines wissenschaftlichen Diskurses über das literarische Werk in Betracht zu ziehen.
EN
Following their meeting in Iena in July 1794, Goethe and Schiller developed a strong friendship and kept up intense correspondence until Schiller’s premature death in 1805. This exchange of letters opens up the space for a critical debate and confers upon the letter the status of a laboratory for artistic and literary creation. The correspondence also encodes one of the more original aspects of the late 18th- to early 19th-century thought: a critique of dualism which leads to the perspective of a reconciliation between science and literature, fields of thought hitherto kept separate. Articulating rather than opposing these fields, Goethe and Schiller conceive of the possibility of holding a scientific discourse on literature.
EN
Currently, a significant proportion of scientific and scholarly outputs are produced within the framework of grants awarded by a specific scientific agency. There are a number of grant schemes in Slovakia that support science and research. The resources used are mostly state, public, European and, to a certain extent, private. The bulk of the projects undertaken at scholarly institutes are backed by the Scientific Grant Agency (VEGA), whose funds are provided by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the Slovak Republic (MŠVVaŠ SR) and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV). Any attempt to "transform/reform" a functioning basic research support scheme naturally provokes negative reactions in the scholarly community. These also include the material entitled "Proposal of VEGA action alternatives (/KEGA)". It comes as a surprise, or even a shock, to read that some of the proposals for the elimination of VEGA come from the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Slovak Republic and from other supreme state administration bodies. What is invariably used as an argument is the need to make the system more efficient. It is usually emphasized, with regard to the science-support agencies, that their number does not agree with the needs, or that their centralization would enhance the quality of scientific outputs. Yet, it should be noted that centralization as such is the easiest way to administer a process and thus to assume complete control over it, allowing one to push forward their own interests. Regarding VEGA, there are constant controversies about whether it is a grant agency or just a mechanism for redistributing institutional funds. Scientific results suit politicians only when the latter wish to prove the country’s advancement level or when a specific problem is considered to be such that it could jeopardize the system’s stability. Unlike these, other research results are neglected, and, before long, the declared support is forgotten again because soon new political, social, economic or other interests of the state are found more important.
EN
Blumenberg’s phenomenological anthropology replaces the traditional question: what is human being? by the question: how is human being possible at all? The last question expresses a huge skepticism against “life-ability” in a manner of human existence. According to Blumenberg man can survive only if he distances himself – in a direct and in a metaphorical sense – from the overwhelming power of reality. As an animal that has eyes and moves on two legs man can secure himself from dangers and set traps for what he desires. In the metaphorical sense he distances himself from all-powerful reality through creating myths, religions, sciences, technique, art and culture. They are proven forms of to get over with anxieties and dangers human being faces in the terrible and anonymous world.
PL
Przed dłuższy czas temat stworzenia był zaniedbywany w debacie teologicznej. Dopiero około 35 lat temu, w czasie pojawienia się tzw. kryzysu ekologicznego stworzenie zaczyna pojawiać się w centrum zainteresowań teologicznych. Niektórzy autorzy próbowali zarzucić chrześcijaństwu, że to teologia stworzenia odpowiedzialna jest za kryzys środowiska naturalnego. Ze względu na ten zarzut nauka o stworzeniu musiała zajęć stanowisko w sprawie ekologii.Na ile Ziemia i jej mieszkańcy mają jakąś przyszłość, zależy przecież nie od początków Kosmosu, ale od naszego obecnego postępowania i nastawienia. Dlatego dialog między naukami przyrodniczymi a teologię wszedł w tzw. „trzecią fazę” ich relacji: fazę koniecznej wspólnoty w kryzysie ekologicznym. Dialog teologii i nauk przyrodniczych musi mieć charakter ekologiczny, gdyż w końcu chodzi o wspólną przyszłość tego świata, w którym nauki przyrodnicze i technika należę do Bożego stworzenia.
EN
The subject of creation was neglected in theological debate for a long time. Only about 35 years ago, when the so-called ecological crisis manifested itself, creation began to appear in the center of theological interest. Some authors tried to accuse Christianity that the theology of creation is responsible for the crisis of the natural environment. Because of this accusation, the science of creation had to take a stand on the issue of ecology. The future of the Earth and its inhabitants depends not on the beginnings of the Universe, but on our present-day actions and attitudes. So, the dialog between natural sciences and theology entered the so-called „third phase” of their relation: the phase of necessary collaboration in the ecological crisis, the dialog between theology and natural sciences must have an ecological character, for at stake is the common future of this world, in which natural sciences and technology are part of God’s creation.
EN
Representatives of natural sciences (biologists, physicists, chemists) are scientists who deal with the part of knowledge regarding aspects of natural reality. If we regard natural reality to cosmos we can say that the possibilities of direct research are possible only in a small area. In spite of the limitations of access researchers do not get lost in the chaos of already studied separate images, but the gained experience, together with evolution of human thought create more and more uniform image, despite of numerous missing pieces. Natural reality is complex, complicated and difficult to familiarize. One of the main problems of studying the natural reality is its complexity and variety of dynamic processes which create this reality. Another difficulty is the systematized and uniform terminology and concepts used. In the days of fast developing new disciplines and atomization of science it is almost impossible. Natural reality exists independent of our knowledge of it. However the awareness of the difficulties and limitations in studying it should help in being responsible for the process of acquiring knowledge. Acquiring knowledge should therefore mirror the mechanisms existing in nature, that is why it was necessary to discuss the dynamics of getting to know nature with indication to some definitions of truth and its kinds, as well as various research mistakes. Next to getting to know the things themselves it is important in science to detect and eliminate the mistakes. It is necessary to know the criteria of acknowledging or denying the genuine and false nature of research results, hypothesis or new theories in order to properly acquire knowledge about the natural world and properly communicate the results of studying.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównych problemów nurtujących badaczy i środowisko menedżerskie w obszarze zarządzania radiem (rozgłośnią radiową) oraz wskazanie kierunków rozwoju badań nad zarządzaniem radiem. Zwrócono uwagę, że zarządzanie radiem stanowi subdyscyplinę nowej dziedziny badawczej, jaką jest zarządzanie mediami. Artykuł podejmuje próbę określenia obszarów badawczych w dziedzinie zarządzania radiem oraz przedstawia najważniejsze stanowiska teoretyczne związane z rozwojem studiów nad zarządzaniem radiem. W artykule przeprowadzono także krytyczną analizę i ocenę literatury w zakresie omawianej problematyki. Na zakończenie wskazano propozycje kierunków dalszych badań oraz przedstawiono główne przesłanki, które mogą być pomocne przy wyznaczaniu możliwych kierunków badawczych w tym obszarze.
EN
This article presents the main problems that researchers and managers face in the area of the radio (radio broadcasting station) management and indicates the directions for the development of radio management studies. The paper argues that the radio management is the subdiscipline of the new research area in media management. It also attempts to identify areas of research in radio management and indicates the most important theoretical position associated with the development of the radio management studies. Critical analysis and the evaluation of the literature in the fi eld is being concerned. The paper deals with suggestions for further study in this area and the main considerations that may be helpful in determining possible research directions in the radio management.
EN
The article takes the issue of the image of God in the perspective of the relationships between faith and science. The structure of the article determines the three kinds of relationships between them. The first two are relations of conflict resulting on the one hand from the supremacy of faith over science, on the other - the reduction of faith by science. The third group of relations is the positions of dialogue and integration. Each relationship casts on the image of God. The consequence of the supremacy of faith over the science is the understanding of God as a distant, unknownable, inaccessible to man, and on the other as a tyrant who does not respect the autonomy, freedom and dignity of his creation. In the reduction of faith by science the image of God is twofold. On the one hand, God is reduced to the role of physics premise and assumption of the mechanics of the universe or to the Newtonian Watchmaker, and on the other is by science rejected as an unnecessary assumption. These claims of science are, however, included in the materialistic and atheistical position and going beyond their competences. The positions of dialogue and integration show that not only is no conflict between faith and science, but also that the results of science are the basis for a credible understanding of God’s image, which is consistent with his biblical image.
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