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EN
The article analyses scientific conferences as an instrument of international cooperation. The aim is to identify the characteristics and factors influencing the growth of the international scientific conferences. Specifically, it presents the concept and model of the Economic and Social Development (ESD) conference and examines scientific cooperation within this conference between 2012 and 2022. The article draws on data sourced from the ESD conference organiser and the Web of Science database. Between 2012 and 2022, a total of 92 conferences were held across six continents in 26 countries. The WoS database indexed 1,465 articles authored by individuals from 91 countries. The lengthy waiting times for conferences to be indexed in the WoS database have led organisers to seek out additional benefits for participants.
PL
Pojęcie „utwór naukowy” jest w obowiązującej ustawie o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych wymienione jako jeden z rodzajów przedmiotów ochrony prawa autorskiego. Spełniać on powinien ogólne przesłanki utworu, a mianowicie mieć twórczy i indywidualny charakter. Utwór korzysta z ochrony ze względu na zawarte w nim oryginalne wartości. Stanowi organiczną jedność elementów twórczych i zaczerpniętych z otaczającej twórcę rzeczywistości, w tym z dotychczasowego dorobku twórczego. Utwór naukowy odróżnić należy od ustaleń naukowych, które w utworze naukowym są przedmiotem oryginalnej (twórczej) i indywidualnej pracy, tzn. stanowiącej wynik ujęcia wyrażającego osobistą projekcję wyobraźni twórcy i wskutek tego niepowtarzalną w zakresie dokonanego przez twórcę wyboru oryginalnego ujęcia sposobu przedstawienia i wyrażenia zjawisk, ich cech i zachodzących pomiędzy nimi relacji jako dobra w stosunku do utworu transcendentnego oraz od badań naukowych jako procesu, mającego na celu dokonanie ustalenia naukowego. Udział w dokonaniu ustaleń naukowych stanowi tytuł do ochrony jako dóbr osobistych i nie przesądza autorstwa utworu naukowego, umożliwiającego ich poznanie, w zakresie ich oryginalnego doboru, ujęcia, przedstawienia i wyrażenia. Charakter utworu jako naukowego nie przesądza środków użytych do ustalenia składającego się na ten utwór treści. Pojęcia „utwór naukowy”, „artystyczny”, „popularnonaukowy” nie stanowią pojęć dychotomicznych. O naukowym charakterze decyduje cel poznawczy prezentowania w jakiejkolwiek formie i jakimikolwiek środkami zjawisk ich cech, właściwości oraz występujących pomiędzy nimi zależności.
EN
The term „scientific work” is the term used by the existing Act on copyright and related rights of February 4, 1994 (Law Journal of 2016, item 666 as amended) and it constitutes one among a number of types of works protected by copyright. The existing Copyright Act is not defining the meaning, of „scientific work”. The basic significance has therefore distinguishing scientific work from research in the meaning of process leading to certain findings, based on using specific methodology leading to these findings and scientific findings themselves, as personal rights, constituting in the wide meaning of this word creativity (referred to in art. 23 of the Civil Code) of persons, whose this particular finding is coming from. The basic issue is the necessity to distinguish scientific work as an object of copyright protection, that is an intangible good of a specific characteristics, distinctiveness from specific tangible good, referred to by scientific work, which constitutes transcendental good in relation to the work. Also computer programs can be scientific works. Scientific works do not however encompass inventions, discoveries, researches and scientific projects. The qualification of a work as a scientific work does not justify the limitation to express the work in a certain form as for example literary work. A scientific work can be scientific article or scientific monograph, but also scheme expressed by visual means or photography created on the basis of scenario tending towards disclosing the essence or features of the occurance examined for a certain purpose. The most important is to distinguish the process the research is being conducted by, including its scenario and result, from scientific work, which constitutes the report about the certain occurance, its features or relations, in particular methodological assumptions or results fixed in any manner, subordinated to cognitive function, that is allowing to get acquitained with content and methodology being reported on, which resulted with formulating certain conclusions and meaning evaluated, paying special attention to certain elements. In the consequence, the author of the research and the author of the report thereof, does not necessarily have to be the same person. A separate issue is quite floating border line between artistic, scientific and popular science work. A work is always a relation, expression of individual vision of a certain issue, item, occurance, process, its features and dependences. Formal measures used in the work are only tools to express the projection of authors imagination. The distinguishing feature is the method of expressing of certain transcendental goods within the work, for the purpose of learning, subordinated to this purpose. The discriminant element of scientific work is, within its cognitive purpose, the method of conceptualization, disquisition and maintaining specific level of explicitness and precision in formulating judgments and their justifications. Scientific work is an object of copyright protection, where basing on the method of selection, presentation, expression of specified thesis and their substantations assumed by the author, an original projection of author’s vision as to the existance of specific occurances, goods, their features or reliances, transcendent in relation to the scientific work occures, regardless of means of expression, which have been used.
EN
The new, currently in force, rules for awarding academic degrees and titles as well as in the field of arts are set out in the Act of July 20, 2018, Law on Higher Education and Science. In this study, I would like to analyze in depth one of the prerequisites for awarding the degree of habilitated doctor, as defined in Art. 219 paragraph. 1 point 2 of the Act. In this provision, the legislator indicated that the degree of habilitated doctor is awarded to a person who has scientific or artistic achievements that constitute a significant contribution to the development of a specific discipline, including at least: 1 monograph or 1 cycle or 1 project achievement (...). The use of the phrase ‘scientific or artistic achievements’ (plural) and ‘including at least’ raises numerous doubts as to how much the postdoctoral researcher should have in his / her scientific or artistic achievements that make a significant contribution to the development of a given discipline and thus demonstrate them in the habilitation application, to meet the premise of Art. 219 paragraph. 1 point 2 of the Act.
PL
Nowe, obecnie obowiązujące zasady nadawania stopni i tytułów naukowych oraz w zakresie sztuki zostały określone przepisami ustawy z dnia 20 lipca 2018 roku – Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce. W niniejszym opracowaniu chciałabym poddać dogłębnej analizie jedną z przesłanek warunkujących nadanie stopnia doktora habilitowanego, określoną w art. 219 ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy. Legislator w przepisie tym wskazał bowiem, że stopień doktora habilitowanego nadaje się osobie, która posiada w dorobku osiągnięcia naukowe albo artystyczne, stanowiące znaczny wkład w rozwój określonej dyscypliny, w tym co najmniej: 1 monografię lub 1 cykl lub 1 osiągnięcie projektowe (…). Użycie zwrotu „osiągnięcia naukowe albo artystyczne” (w liczbie mnogiej) oraz „w tym co najmniej” powoduje rozliczne wątpliwości w zakresie tego, ile habilitant powinien posiadać w swoim dorobku osiągnięć naukowych albo artystycznych, stanowiących znaczny wkład w rozwój określonej dyscypliny, i tym samym wykazać je we wniosku habilitacyjnym, by spełniał przesłankę z art. 219 ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy
EN
Introduction. Martial arts and combat sports are practiced by thousands of persons around the world and increasingly discussed in scientific publications. Material and Methods. We describe an observational case study by describing and analyzing the activities of the “Martial Arts and Combat Sports: Science, Research and Culture” event hosted by the University of Santiago, Chile. Results. Activities were organized by the School of Physical Activity, Sports and Health, August 16-19, 2016 and included six plenary conferences, six theoretical practical workshops, one Muay Thai clinic and the launch of the Combat Sports and Martial Arts Research Group. This was the first event of this type in Chile and had 370 participants. Conclusions. In conclusion the objectives of the activities were accomplished because both science and cultural aspects of the sports were considered in an academic context. Among the participants were academics from several universities, students from physical activity-related majors, coaches, instructors and martial arts practitioners. The activities provided momentum for new challenges in 2017, including the organization of a martial arts and combat sports society and the first Chilean conference on martial arts and combat sports.
PL
Wstęp. Sztuki walki i sporty walki są uprawiane przez tysiące osób na całym świecie i coraz częściej omawiane w publikacjach naukowych. Materiał i metody. Autorzy stworzyli obserwacyjne studium przypadku, opisując i analizując spotkanie zatytułowane: „Sztuki walki i sporty walki: Nauka, badania i kultura” organizowane przez University of Santiago, Chile. Wyniki. Zajęcia zostały zorganizowane przez Szkołę Aktywności Fizycznej Sportu i Zdrowia, w dniach 16-19 sierpnia, 2016 roku. Obejmowały one sześć konferencji plenarnych, sześć warsztatów teoretyczno-praktycznych, konferencję dotyczącą Muay Thai i zapoczątkowanie zajęć grupy badawczej ds. sportów walki i sztuk walki. Było to pierwsze tego typu wydarzenie w Chile, które zgromadziło 370 uczestników. Wnioski. Wyznaczone cele działania zostały zrealizowane, ponieważ zarówno naukowe i kulturowe aspekty sportu zostały zastosowane w kontekście akademickim. Uczestnikami byli pracownicy naukowi z różnych uczelni, studenci kierunków związanych z kulturą fizyczną, trenerzy, instruktorzy i adepci sztuk walki. Ustalone zostały nowe wyzwania na rok 2017, w tym stworzenie towarzystwa promującego sztuki walki i sporty walki oraz organizacja pierwszej chilijskiej konferencji na temat sztuk walki i sportów walki.
EN
In the paper, the second period in the history of the functioning of the seat of Provincial Parliament (Sejm) in Wrocław (Breslau) is presented, the work being a continuation of an earlier publication. It concentrates on the circumstances which accompanied the construction of the new seat of the parliament and, accordingly, deals with the purchase of the new plot sited at Piłsudski Street (currently) in Wroc³aw, and also with subsequent moves in the following years, connected with the extension of the infrastructure of Provincial Sejm (Provinziallandtag). The author discusses the circumstances of the disposal of the former seat of the Sejm at Graupenstrasse (at present – Krupnicza Street), as well.
EN
Scientific journals are a key medium for scientific communication, and for librarians a main source for analyzing scientific productivity. The aim of this paper is to analyze Croatian scientific and professional journals in the field of economics using the quantitative tool Journal Citation Report (JCR) of the Web of Science database and the metric indicator SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) on journals in Scopus. The purpose of this paper is to enable economy scientists to present the overview of Croatian economic journals in relevant databases. The sample includes 69 active journals in economics on the Portal of Croatian scientific and professional journals - Hrčak. The used method is the analysis of journals on Hrčak to find out which journals are indexed in Web of Science and Scopus citation databases, together with the analysis by following parameters: best ranked journal by impact factor in JCR and SJR indicator, the most cited article and most productive authors. This research provided insight into Croatian journals indexed in databases of category a1 according to the Rule book on Conditions for Selection in Scientific Professions as well as it gave insight into the scientific productivity of scientists within the field of economics.
EN
The chief aim of this paper is to demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt how, through an essential misunderstanding of the nature of philosophy, and science, over the past several centuries, the prevailing Western tendency to reduce the whole of science to mathematical physics unwittingly generated utopian socialism as a political substitute for metaphysics. In short, being unable speculatively, philosophically, and metaphysically to justify this reduction, some Western intellectuals re-conceived the natures of philosophy, science, and metaphysics as increasingly enlightened, historical and political forms of the evolution of human consciousness toward creation of systematic science, a science of clear and distinct ideas. In the process they unwittingly wound up reducing contemporary philosophy and Western higher education largely into tools of utopian socialist political propaganda.
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