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1
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Classified Information Protection in Poland: Traditions and the Present Day

100%
Topolewski S.
Safety & Defense
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2020
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vol. 1
48-62
EN
Acquiring information that has an impact on a country's security, i.e. its independence, sovereignty and international position, by unauthorized persons, whether from another country's intelligence services or criminal groups, may have far-reaching consequences. Therefore, to preserve the stability of the state and give a sense of security to its citizens, the most important task and duty of the government is to protect them. This can be provided by an efficiently functioning system that will guarantee restrictions on access to classified information, its proper processing, as well as the use of appropriate and suffcient physical and ICT security measures. For this reason, this system requires at the state level precisely defined rules and norms based on the law, defining the principles of creating classified information, how to protect it and sanctions that can be applied in the event of non-compliance. The protection of information having a significant impact on the functioning of the Polish state in each period of its existence was an important element of defense and security policy. After regaining independence, the protection of state secrets took on special significance both for the country's existence and the foundations of its existence. It was realized that their disclosure could be fatal to its organization and functioning, as well as defense capabilities. The presented material presents the evolution of the protection of classified information in Poland, and its importance for the security and defense of the state by ensuring the effectiveness(concealing) of actions aimed at their implementation.
2
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A Contribution to the Question of Marcin Siennik’s Nationality

75%
Bela Z.
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
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2016
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vol. 60
PL
The aim of the article is to supplement the knowledge of the German origin of Marcin Siennik by, among many other things, the information concerning his Protestant denomination, which influenced the way in which some fragments of the originally Italian The Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piemont (Venice, 1555) were translated into Polish, and at the same time to present the views and doings of Sebastian Śleszkowski, the publisher of the second edition of the Polish translation of The Secrets (Kraków, 1620).
3
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Przepisy na leki w „Sekretach Isabelli Cortese” (Wenecja, 1561)

63%
Bela Z., Kostyk M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2016
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vol. 25
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issue 1(48)
71-90
EN
Recipes for the medications comprised in the “Secrets of Isabella Cortese” (Venice, 1561) is a set of recipes for medications, cosmetics, „alchemic” formulas (e.g. etching the silver with nitric acid), as well as all sorts of tips related to various arts and crafts (i.e. how to make a green ink, how to have the page edges gold-plated in the books, how to dye animal hides, etc.). Books of this type actually attested to one of the 16th c. publishing fads, especially in Italy, where the consummate skills of Venetian publishers simply outclassed those of their peers from other cities across the country. Nothing much is known about Isabella Cortese as a person, though. Considering that the word SECRETO just happens to be an anagram of the word CORTESE, it is quite likely that Isabella Cortese is simply a nickname. It might well be that someone from Venetian high society did not really want his aristocratic name to be in any way associated with this essentially democratic piece of work. The medications described in the “Secrets” comprise, inter alia, a scorpion oil against the plague, St. John’s wort as the treatment for the same disease, a glue to promote faster healing of the wounds, an omelette laced with a turnip juice for an ailing spleen, pills for the French disease (syphilis), etc. Most of those medications originate in the homemade variety, while others are more “learned”, i.e. the ones that were supposed to be bought in a pharmacy (e.g. Unguentum apostulorum), and the so-called empirical drugs. The properties of medicinal components (ingredients) which are specifi cally referred to in the “Secrets of Isabella Cortese”, had been characterized in the Herbarium by Marcin Siennik (Krakow 1568), because the nature of all medical matter addressed there is identical with the one in the 16th c. “Secrets”
4
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Engaging Teams: Missions, Management and Everyday Life

63%
Grills S.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Sociologica
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2022
|
issue 81
67-84
PL
Nawiązując do rozszerzonej tradycji interakcjonizmu symbolicznego, w zaprezentowanym artykule analizie poddane zostały działania zarządcze w kontekście aktywności osób zarządzających zespołami i funkcjonowania tychże zespołów. Jako badacze, jeśli chcemy w pełni zrozumieć zasady i funkcje zarządzania w życiu codziennym, musimy zwrócić szczególną uwagę na zespoły, proces ich tworzenia i pracę zespołową, ponieważ życie organizacyjne urzeczywistnia się poprzez wspólne działanie ludzi. W szczególności analizie poddane zostało znaczenie zespołów wykonawczych, zespołów o charakterze dziedzicznym (legacy teams), zespołów powołanych na mocy prawa (legislated teams), zespołów opierających się na misji (mission-based teams) oraz znaczenie zasady poufności dla zespołów uchwałodawczych (enacting teams). Zachęcając do zwrócenia uwagi na perspektywy i działania osób zarządzających, proponuję w artykule odejście od strukturalnych ujęć życia organizacyjnego na rzecz zwrócenia uwagi na zarządzanie w procesie tworzenia.
EN
Drawing upon the extended symbolic interactionist tradition, this paper examines management activities in the context of office holders and teams. As researchers, if we wish to fully appreciate management in everyday life, then we must pay particular attention to teams, team creation and teamwork, for it is through people doing things together that organizational life is realized. Specifically, I examine the relevance of performance teams, legacy teams, legislated teams, mission-based teams, and the relevance of secrecy for enacting teams. Encouraging an attentiveness to perspectives and activities of office holders, this paper resists more structural renderings of organizational life and encourages researcher to attend to management in the making.
5
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Przyczynek do sprawy narodowości Marcina Siennika

51%
Bela Z.
Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
|
2016
|
vol. 60
EN
Marcin Siennik (ca. 1540 – ca. 1580) is mostly known for elaborating Herbarz [“Herbary”] (a popular medical encyclopaedia) and translating the famous Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piedmont into Polish.Most historians (Kośmiński, Estreicher, Karpluk, etc.) are certain of Siennik’s German descent, pointing to the fact that the page of Herbarz containing the index of German names was signed by him with his original name: Merten Heüwrecher, which was then translated into Polish as Marcin Siennik. There are also other arguments in support of this thesis (which is what constitutes the contribution mentioned in the title of the paper), for example the way in which he translated the title of Alexis of Piedmont’s book (not secrets, as it is called in the original Italian version and the Latin base for the translation, but mysteries, which points to the influence of the German tradition), a number of words appearing in the text (e.g. Italian potione [beverage] is rendered in Siennik’s version as trunek [drink], which proves similar to the German etymon Trunk or Trank), as well as phrases such as “And having put it into hot ashes for four miserere...” (in Siennik’s translation: “put it into ashes and then take it out...”), which serve as a manifestation of his reluctance to follow the Catholic custom of counting time with the Word of God.In this context, the least valuable is the opinion of Śleszkowski, the “author” of the second edition of the Polish version of The Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piedmont, who wrote the following in the preface: “First and foremost I did not confide in the translation by Marcin Siennik when it came to the Polish language, as he is so inept in it that I have never read anything written in Polish quite so ineptly, which shows that he was either a foreigner or brought up in foreign lands in his youth...” – he focused not so much on Siennik’s descent (on which he may have had some information), but primarily on pursuing his own ambition, appropriating the authorship of the Polish translation of The Secrets in order for his “translation,” copied almost verbatim from Siennik’s version, to be considered better and definitive. He was also motivated by “patriotic” premises, which for him meant xenophobia, extreme anti-Semitism, and other products of the Counter-Reformation crusade.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wzbogacenie wiedzy o niemieckich korzeniach Marcina Siennika poprzez, między innymi, opis jego protestanckich wierzeń, które wpłynęły na sposób, w jaki na polski przetłumaczone zostały fragmenty Sekretów Aleksego z Piemontu, w oryginale napisanych po włosku. Artykuł prezentuje też poglądy i poczynania Sebastiana Śleszkowskiego, wydawcy drugiego wydania polskiego tłumaczenia Sekretów (Kraków, 1620).The aim of the article is to supplement the knowledge of the German origin of Marcin Siennik by, among many other things, the information concerning his Protestant denomination, which influenced the way in which some fragments of the originally Italian The Secrects of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piemont (Venice, 1555) were translated into Polish, and at the same time to present the views and doings of Sebastian Śleszkowski, the publisher of the second edition of the Polish translation of The Secrets (Kraków, 1620).
6
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Sekrety literatury i głód wtajemniczenia

45%
Tischner Ł.
Przestrzenie Teorii
|
2022
|
issue 38
163-178
EN
This article concerns secrets and secrecy in narrative works. The author, following in the footsteps of Auerbach and Kermode, argues that secrets should be understood as discontinuous places, gaps that demand to be filled. Auerbach and Kermode pointed to the biblical origins of the secret narrative. The latter in The Genesis of Secrecy. On the Interpretation of Narrative noted that secrets presuppose a mode of initiation – this was the case in the gospel of St Mark he analysed, addressed to believers. However, this sender’s intention also appears in strictly literary texts that operate the convention of the secret. This article refers to four twentieth-century Polish narrative texts that use elements of secrecy in different ways. Mrożek’s Moniza Clavier conceals the confabulatory character of the first-person statement, Miłosz’s Dolina Issy and Gombrowicz’s Kosmos conceal the deeply autobiographical character of the reflection on individual fate, while the narrative in Lem’s Solaris activates the possibility of ‘vertical reading’, referring to the concept of some absolute. Secrets in literary texts tend to be secularized versions of religious narratives addressed to the initiated, and the promise of an integration of discontinuous places attracts sceptics and believers.
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