Search results

1

Secular, islamic or muslim feminism? The place of religion in women’s perspectives on equality in islam

100%

Hesová Z.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2019

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vol. 20

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issue 2

26-46

EN

The Western focus on ‘Islamic feminism’ takes two extreme forms: it is often dismissed as an oxymoron for attaching a religious (patriarchal) adjective to an emancipatory feminist project, or it is hailed as a road to a liberal, reformed Islam. Many Muslim feminists refuse to use this term; some reject feminism outright. There is consequently a tension within the term that many Muslim women activists acknowledge. In order to gain a better understanding of how religious and secular discourses combine in ‘feminism in Islam’, this text aims to examine the place of religion in women’s emancipatory strategies. When we look at the history, strategies, discourses, and especially at the concept of ‘religion’ Muslim women activists and thinkers deal with, a complex landscape emerges. ‘Islam’ ceases to be a reference to a given religious paradigm but becomes itself a contested terrain, one with religious, but also political, legal, and institutional actors. Theological, hermeneutical, post-foundationalist, reformist, legal, and social activism all envisage ‘Islam’ from different perspectives and locate the discriminatory aspects they resist in different fi elds of the Islamic paradigm or practice. The aim is to explore the meaning and practice of ‘feminism in Islam’ while taking a critical approach to an essentialist understanding of both Islam and Islamic feminism.

2

The secular state in the context of the contemporary European constitutionalism

89%

Borecki P.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

|

2016

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vol. 6

174-191

PL

In today’s Europe the secular state dominates. Disseminating the principles of the secular state in Europe promotes the diversity of religious and philosophical populations. The principle of the secular state no longer serves to reduce the social significance of religion or religious organizations. A way of expressing the principle of secularism in constitutional acts is diverse – it is often necessary for complex analysis of the content of the constitution. The principle of the secular state is expressed in the constitutions of approximately 14% of European countries. State Secularism is often equated with the principle of separation of church and state. In Europe, however, there are examples of countries that are exceptions to this rule. In total, the formal separation of church and state is expressed in approximately 25% of the constitutions of European countries. Often the principle of this separation in the Basic Law is expressed in a veiled manner. The most important feature of a secular state is considered to be the modern principle of neutrality. However, it is rarely explicitly expressed in the Basic Law in Europe. Its spread was mostly driven by the constitutional court decisions and statements of the doctrine of the law.

3

Sociological and Theological Imagination in a Post-secular Society

88%

Burdziej S.

Polish Sociological Review

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2014

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vol. 186

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issue 2

179-194

EN

In Comte’s vision, humanity progressed from a theological to a metaphysical to a positive phase. This transition was to be mirrored by the replacement of theology and metaphysics by a new science of society-sociology. Comte’s prophecy was quickly fulfilled-within a century the new discipline had successfully undermined the legitimacy of other systems of knowledge in the social realm-like philosophy, theology, and literature. Even theologians learned to adopt the findings of their rival and incorporate them into their framework. At the same time, the emerging social sciences borrowed heavily from theology, while trying to mask the debt. The recent constructivist turn has challenged social scholars to rethink that positivist paradigm. This article tries to take up the challenge and see whether theology and sociology can possibly learn from one another.

4

Multicultural education in Estonia: why is it powerless in responding to islamophobia?

88%

Süld E.

Society Register

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2022

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vol. 6

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issue 2

61-86

EN

The article discusses the extent to which the three multicultural learning strategies implemented to promote multiculturalism differ and how the initiatives takes into account religious differences and Islam. Methodologically, the article focuses on thematic content analysis of the three multicultural education projects. The thematic content analysis makes it possible to study what is being discussed in the multicultural context and how it is being interpreted through these ideas and concepts. The aim of these school projects is to create a common language environment and a new (well-integrated) national identity. Based on the Estonian super-secular society (less than 19% Estonians considered themselves to be a part of some congregation or religious), the peculiarities of religion orientation are not so much taken into account in these multicultural learning strategies and Islam occurs in connection with radicalism.

5

Myšlení pospolitosti u Charlese Taylora

88%

Štěch O.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 2

177-186

EN

The theme of this article is the concept of community in the writings of Charles Taylor. It treats as its starting point both the significance attributed by him to this concept as well as his reluctance to being labelled a communitarian. The reconstruction of the concept is based on two of Taylor’s major works, Sources of the Self. The Making of the Modern Identity and A Secular Age. In the former the focus is on the notion of moral space which is deployed in a critique of individualist ontology, but which does not lead him to claim that the community has some special status. The reconstruction of the latter book focuses on the description of developments leading to modern forms of sociality that have superseded previous forms of social organization that were based, to a large degree, on local communities. In conclusion, I describe Taylor’s normative concept of community which is an integral part of his vision of “fullness”, which transcends both individualism and the traditional, exclusive communities.

6

Millest konelevad ja millest vaikivad triibud Abhaasia lipul? Religioossest situatsioonist Abhaasias

88%

Jurgenson A.

Mäetagused

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2019

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vol. 73

69-98

EN

When analysing the religious situation in Abkhazia, the Abkhazian authors present it primarily as a peaceful coexistence of different religions – Christianity, Islam, and native Abkhazian religion. Religions that have existed in Abkhazia side by side for centuries have shaped the worldview of the Abkhazians, which, according to some authors, have a strongly syncretistic shape. Along with syncretism and peaceful coexistence of religions, the Abkhazian authors emphasize the deep Christian roots of Abkhazia: many articles and books show how Christianity reached Abkhazia already in the first century, how it became state religion in the 6th–7th centuries, and how the Abkhazians have dealt with the Christian mission in the Caucasus. Sometimes this emphasis has a political background. When the Georgian-Abkhaz War (1992–93) took place, some Georgian politicians in the confrontation with Abkhazians emphasized the religious aspects of the conflict, and even later tried to present Abkhazia as a Muslim country. The article looks at Abkhazian religious life in the historical perspective and seeks to find explanations for the religious situation today. It also deals with religious image reproduction: Abkhaz authors’ efforts to get rid of the Islamic image of Abkhazia created by the Georgians. In the Soviet period all religions suffered from anti-religious repressions, mosques and churches of many Christian congregations were closed down, religious rituals were banned and carried out only secretly, and clergymen were repressed. Although after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the war of 1992–93 religious life is allowed again and even favoured by the authorities, the number of eager believers had remained small. Alongside the peaceful coexistence of Islam and Christianity, which is presented by many Abkhaz authors as a good example to be followed by other countries, we also have to speak about formal religiousness and religious secularization.

7

Katolicka Polska w laickiej Europie

75%

Skudrzyk P.

Polonia Journal

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2020

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issue 11

171-188

EN

An opposition catholic Poland versus secular Europe is thought to be an opposition a deep culture, more close to metaphysical Truth versus superficial culture. The Author considers legitimacy of the term catholic Poland and first of all he considers if it is right to think secular culture is metaphysically superficial. The Author examines catholic and secular cultures how far open they are. He treats an openness as a fundamental feature of high culture.

8

Le « théâtre d’évasion » de Gaston Baty, ou comment dépasser la sécularité

75%

Kaczmarek T.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 66

69-80

EN

In this article, we study the works of French playwrights from the 1920s and 1930s who adhere to Gaston Baty’s theatrical aesthetics, without explicitly declaring themselves as believers. While remaining wary of dogmas symbolized by the Church, writers such as Henri-René Lenormand, Simon Gantillon and Jean-Victor Pellerin note the loss of transcendence that inevitably leads “modern man” to his downfall. The rejection of the teaching of institutionalized religion does not mean a total disappearance of the sacred in their texts. In the face of demonic civilization, dramatic authors make a somewhat pessimistic diagnosis in search of remedies likely to fill the “ontological vacuum.” Undoubtedly, according to these writers, drama is the place where expectations and religious disappointments that agitate this tormented generation of the interwar period crystallize.

9

Réappropriation du jansénisme dans quelques romans français contemporains

63%

Gauthier P.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 66

109-120

EN

The presence of Jansenism in a number of contemporary novels should lead to questioning the notion of post-secularity rather than illustrating it. The study of three of these novels (P. Quignard’s Tous les Matins du monde, L. Salvayre’s La Puissance des mouches and C. Pujade-Renaud’s Le Désert de la Grâce) cannot be limited to interpreting them as heralds of a return to religion which some see as a defining feature of post-secularity while others deem it insufficient to define the notion. The analysis of the links between the royal authority and Port-Royal makes it possible to highlight the interest of novelists in the theme of persecution and the resistance of individuals to intolerance, while remaining at a distance from 17th century theological debates. Beyond being a plea for freedom of conscience, these texts put it into perspective in a secularized democratic society that fails to conceive the place of the religious, or to conceive of itself outside that place. Literature thus shows the strength of fiction and art when it comes to considering man’s place in the world.

10

Państwo laickie w świetle dorobku współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu europejskiego

63%

Borecki P.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 66

41-60

PL

Today’s Europe is dominated by secular states. The principles of secular state in Europe are promoted by the diversity of religious and philosophical population, especially by the large percentage of the population of non-believers. The contemporary principle of secular state serves no longer to reduce the social significance of religion or religious organizations. Secular states frequently interact with religious organizations for general public scopes. A way of expressing the principle of secularism in constitutional acts is diversified – often it is necessary a complex analysis of the content of the constitution. The principle of secular state is directly expressed in Europe in the constitutions of approximately 14% of countries. State Secularism is frequently equated with the principle of separation between church and state. In Europe, however, there are countries that are exceptions to this rule. In total the formula of the separation between church and state is expressed in approximately 25% of European constitutions. Often this principle is expressed in the constitutions in a veiled form. As the most important feature of a secular state is considered the principle of the neutrality of the worldview. However, it is rarely explicitly expressed in the European constitutions. It spread rather by the constitutional court decisions and the statements of legal doctrine.

11

Spirituality and ecology within the phenomenological realm of secularity

63%

Gonçalves Brito L.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2020

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issue 26

307-326

ES

Este artigo se baseia em análise teórica e material empírico reunido por meio de pesquisa socioantropológica. O objetivo é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre relações entre ecologia, espiritualidade e secularidade enquanto três aspectos intrincados do pensamento moderno. Primeiro, a contribuição metodológica do artigo é o questionamento da associação apriorística entre espiritualidade e Nova Era. Depois, há uma análise do pensamento ecológico e espiritualidade, considerando o contexto mais amplo da secularidade entendido como quadro imanente de experiência. Finalmente, o artigo propõe algumas direções possíveis para o estudo de espiritualidade e ecologia sem as armadilhas metodológicas desemaranhadas ao longo do texto.

EN

This article is based on theoretical analysis and empirical material gathered by means of socio-anthropological research. The aim is to present some reflections on the relations between ecology, spirituality and secularity as three intricate aspects of modern thought. First, the methodological contribution of the article is questioning the aprioristic association between New Age and spirituality. Later, there is an analysis of ecological thought and spirituality, addressing the broader context of secularity understood as immanent frame of experience. Finally, the article proposes some possible directions to the study of spirituality and ecology without the methodological pitfalls disentangled alongside the text.

12

Sekularyzacja. Kilka uwag w perspektywie myśli J. Ratzingera-Benedykta XVI

63%

Ochman A.

Studia Gdańskie

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2020

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vol. 46

273-285

EN

From the beginning, religion accompanied humanity. Across the century it has different place and played changing role in society. There was a period of alliance between the altar and the throne, whereas especially since enlightenment, these paths diverged more and more. Nowadays, Pope Benedict XVI also indicates the presence of this process. However, secularization is not a thoroughly negative process for him. He accepts the validity of the autonomy of created things and therefore also the autonomy of practicing science and organizing society. The danger is hidden in a misunderstood secularism, which excludes the presence of God in social life and pushes religion only to personal life. According to the Pope, constructive cooperation between religion and this what is secular is possible and should exist, for the development of the common good.

PL

Religia od początku towarzyszyła ludzkości. Zajmowała na przestrzeni dziejów różne miejsce i odgrywała w społeczeństwie zmieniającą się rolę. Był okres sojuszu ołtarza z tronem, a od oświecenia drogi te zaczynały się coraz bardziej rozchodzić. Na obecność tego procesu współcześnie wskazuje także papież Benedykt XVI. Sekularyzacja jednak nie jest dla niego procesem na wskroś negatywnym. Uznaje on słuszność autonomii rzeczy stworzonych, a zatem również autonomii uprawiania nauki oraz organizowania społeczeństwa. Niebezpieczeństwo kryje się w źle rozumianym sekularyzmie, który wyklucza obecność Boga w życiu społecznym i spycha religię do życia jedynie prywatnego. Zdaniem papieża powinna istnieć, i jest możliwa, konstruktywna współpraca między religią a tym, co świeckie, dla rozwoju dobra wspólnego.

13

Państwo laickie w świetle dorobku współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu europejskiego

63%

Borecki P.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 66

41-60

PL

Today’s Europe is dominated by secular states. The principles of secular state in Europe are promoted by the diversity of religious and philosophical population, especially by the large percentage of the population of non-believers. The contemporary principle of secular state serves no longer to reduce the social significance of religion or religious organizations. Secular states frequently interact with religious organizations for general public scopes. A way of expressing the principle of secularism in constitutional acts is diversified – often it is necessary a complex analysis of the content of the constitution. The principle of secular state is directly expressed in Europe in the constitutions of approximately 14% of countries. State Secularism is frequently equated with the principle of separation between church and state. In Europe, however, there are countries that are exceptions to this rule. In total the formula of the separation between church and state is expressed in approximately 25% of European constitutions. Often this principle is expressed in the constitutions in a veiled form. As the most important feature of a secular state is considered the principle of the neutrality of the worldview. However, it is rarely explicitly expressed in the European constitutions. It spread rather by the constitutional court decisions and the statements of legal doctrine.

14

Patriotyzm jako jedna z dróg do świętości w świetle życia i pism św. Rafała Kalinowskiego

62%

Wlazło S.

Teologia i Moralność

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 2(24)

283-298

EN

The paper Patriotism as one of the paths to holiness based on the life and scriptures of Saint Rafał Kalinowski presents the thesis that Christians are called to life according to the Gospel in all dimensions of their existence and that growing up in God, they also grow as human beings. The above statement is confronted with the latest Apostolic Exhortation of Pope Francis Gaudete et exsultate, in which the Holy Father invites every man to live in holiness more human and more alive, i.e. to live simple and ordinary life with love to God and neighbour. Based on the life and scriptures of Saint Rafał Kalinowski it was presented how this man, initially full of romantic excitement and brought up in a patriotic family, experienced the conversion and from the understanding of patriotism as a secular and civic value, he opened himself to the experience of patriotism both as a religious virtue and as a way in which he seeks to unite with God saving people of all centuries.

PL

W pracy pt. Patriotyzm jako jedna z dróg do świętości w świetle życia i pism św. Rafała Kalinowskiego zaprezentowałam tezę, że chrześcijanin jest powołany do życia Ewangelią we wszystkich wymiarach swojej egzystencji i że wzrastając w Bogu, wzrasta on też jako człowiek. Powyższe stwierdzenie skonfrontowałam z najnowszą adhortacją papieża Franciszka Gaudete et exsultate, w której Ojciec Święty zaprasza każdego człowieka do życia w świętości bardziej ludzkiej i bardziej żywej, to znaczy do prostego zwyczajnego życia przeżywanego z miłością ku Bogu i bliźnim. W świetle życia i pism św. Rafała Kalinowskiego ukazałam, jak ten człowiek początkowo pełen romantycznych uniesień i wychowany w patriotycznej rodzinie, przeżył nawrócenie serca i z rozumienia patriotyzmu jako wartości świeckiej i obywatelskiej otworzył się na doświadczenie patriotyzmu jako cnoty religijnej i przestrzeni, w której dąży do zjednoczeniem z Bogiem zbawiającym ludzi wszystkich wieków.

15

Varieties of Humanism for a Secular Age: Charles Taylor’s Pluralism and the Promise of Inclusive Humanism

51%

Schoenberg P. W.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2016

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vol. 64

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issue 4

167-197

EN

I argue that Taylor’s engagement with secularity demonstrates his deep concern for preserving key humanist insights, an abiding commitment to moral pluralism, and the sincerity of his religious faith. Taylor insists on transcendence as the best hope for securing the continued commitment to the moral legacy of humanism in the west, but while he personally advocates a renewed Christian humanism, his notion of transcendence is amenable to other interpretations, including non-religious options, and so allows for a potential overlapping consensus on humanism from what Taylor calls the “transformation perspective.”

PL

Staram się dowieść, że zaangażowanie Taylora w badania nad świeckością świadczy o głębokim zatroskaniu tego filozofa o ocalenie kluczowych wglądów humanizmu, o jego trwałym opowiedzeniu się za moralnym pluralizmem, a także o autentyczności jego wiary religijnej. Taylor kładzie nacisk na transcendencję jako dającą najlepszą nadzieję, że przyjęcie moralnego dziedzictwa humanizmu będzie kontynuowane w kulturze Zachodu. Osobiście jest on zwolennikiem odnowy chrześcijańskiego humanizmu, jednak jego pojęcie transcendencji pozostaje otwarte również na inne interpretacje, łącznie z opcjami poza obszarem religii, zatem dopuszcza ono potencjalny konsens ogarniający różne odmiany humanizmu w perspektywie, którą Taylor nazywa „perspektywą przekształcenia”.

16

The Souls Of Europe

51%

Buijs G.

Limes. Cultural Regionalistics

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2009

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vol. 2

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issue 2

126-139

EN

How should Europe deal politically with its legacy as a so-called "Christian civilization"? Should this imply an overt reference to God or to the Christian or Judeo-Christian tradition in European constitutional documents (as was debated when the so-called "Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe" was tabled)? This debate raised the old "politico-theological problem": does a political order need some kind of metaphysical or religious grounding, a "soul", or can it present itself as a purely rational order, the result of a utilitarian calculus? In this article it is argued that the secular idea of the state as an inherent element in the "Judeo-Christian tradition", for a "divine state" usurps a place that is only God's. So, this religious tradition itself calls for a secular state, and this inherent relationship between religion and secularity has become a key element for the interpretation of European civilization, most notably in the idea of a separation of the church and the state. But the very fact that this is a religious idea does imply that the European political order cannot be seen as a purely rational political order without a soul. The idea of a "plural soul" is proposed as a way out of the dilemma.

LT

Santrauka Kaip politine prasme Europa turėtų pasielgti su savu vadinamuoju "krikščioniškosios civilizacijos" palikimu? Ar šis palikimas turėtų atvirai nurodyti Dievą arba krikščioniškąją, arba žydiškąją-krikščioniškąją, tradiciją, aptinkamą konstituciniuose Europos dokumentuose (kai buvo svarstoma pateikta vadinamoji "Sutartis dėl Konstitucijos Europai")? Ši diskusija iškėlė seną "politinę-teologinę problemą": ar politinei santvarkai reikia tam tikro metafizinio, ar religinio pamato, "sielos"? O gal ta politinė santvarka gali būti suprantama kaip grynai racionali tvarka, kaip utilitarinės apskaitos rezultatas? Šiame straipsnyje įrodinėjama, kad sekuliarios valstybės idėja yra neatsiejama nuo "žydiškosioskrikščioniškosios tradicijos", dėl "Dievo valstybės" uzurpuojanti paties Dievo vietą. Tad ši religinė tradicija reikalauja sekuliarios valstybės, o nesuardomas religijos ir sekuliarumo santykis tapo kertiniu akmeniu Europos civilizacijos interpretacijoje, labiausiai išryškėjančiu bažnyčios ir valstybės perskyros idėjoje. Tačiau pats faktas, kad ši idėja yra religinio pobūdžio, leidžia teigti, jog politinė Europos santvarka negali būti vertinama kaip grynai racionali politinė santvarka, neturinti sielos. "Grynosios sielos" idėja čia siūloma kaip galimas išeities taškas, sprendžiant minėtą dilemą.

17

Świeckość jako podłoże rozumienia – zarys stanowiska Charlesa Taylora

51%

Barnat D.

Diametros

|

2013

|

issue 36

1-26

PL

W artykule przedstawiam nowatorskie podejście do problematyki świeckości zaproponowane przez Charlesa Taylora. Na początku rozważań, za José Casanovą, dokonuję rozróżnienia pomiędzy trzema porządkami rozważań: (a) pojęciem świeckości i sekularyzacji; (b) teoriami sekularyzacji; (c) sekularyzmem. Następnie przedstawiam trzy wyróżnione przez Taylora rozumienia świeckości: (a) świeckość jako emancypacja sfer publicznych; (b) świeckość jako upadek praktyk i wiary; (c) świeckość jako "podłoże rozumienia" (resp. "warunki wiary"). Szczególną uwagę zwracam na ostatni wymiar świeckości, gdyż odzwierciedla on oryginalny wkład, jaki Taylor wniósł do debaty nad świeckością. Rekonstruując myśl Taylora wskazuję na trzy elementy decydujące o świeckim charakterze podłoża rozumienia ("refleksyjność", "immanentna rama", "zanik perspektywy przemiany"). Na koniec próbuję wskazać wady i zalety podejścia Taylora.

EN

In this paper I present Charles Taylor’s innovative approach to the issue of secularity. Following José Casanova, I distinguish three layers of analysis: (a) the notion of secularity and secularization; (b) theories of secularization; and (c) secularism. In further discussion I point out three senses of secularity used by Taylor: (a) secularity as an emancipation of public spheres; (b) secularity as a decline in religious practice and belief; (c) secularity as a background understanding (or as conditions of belief). I concentrate particularly on the last dimension due to the fact that it reflects the originality of Taylor’s account. In the next stage the three elements which decide about the secular character of the background understanding are presented ("reflexivity", "the immanent frame", and "the decline of the transformation perspective"). Finally I try to point out the pros and cons of Taylor’s approach.

18

Santidad laical y carácter teológico de la secularidad

51%

Bosch V.

Roczniki Teologiczne

|

2019

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vol. 66

|

issue 5: Teologia duchowości

133-146

EN

What spirituality do lay people need today? There is a great need today to understand the theological meaning of the “secular character” – the characteristic “color” of lay people. The layman is a Christian called to unite with God, to holiness; someone who lives in the world and its structures, and from there is called to find God in ordinary life – family, work, social relations. If the mission of the Church is – along with the salvation of souls – to sanctify the world, one cannot continue to ignore the theological and apostolic nature of the daily work of lay people in the middle of the world. It is sanctified by God and sanctifying. It is therefore necessary to appreciate secularity – recognition of lay vocation and mission in the Church. The teaching of the Church also reminds that it is necessary to raise the awareness of pastors so that they can show lay faithful their call to renew the world in Christ.

PL

Jakiej duchowości potrzebują dzisiaj świeccy? Istnieje dzisiaj wielka potrzeba zrozumienia teologicznego znaczenia „charakteru świeckiego” – specyficznego kolorytu ludzi świeckich. Laik jest chrześcijaninem powołanym do zjednoczenia z Bogiem, do świętości; ktoś, kto żyje w świecie i jego strukturach, a stamtąd jest wezwany do znalezienia Boga w zwykłym życiu – rodziny, pracy, relacji społecznych. Jeśli misja Kościoła polega – wraz ze zbawieniem dusz – na uświęceniu świata, nie można nadal ignorować teologicznego i apostolskiego charakteru codziennej pracy ludzi świeckich pośrodku świata. Jest ona bowiem uświęcona przez Boga oraz uświęcająca. Niezbędne jest zatem docenienie świeckości – uznania powołania i misji świeckich w Kościele. Nauczanie Kościoła przypomina również, że niezbędne jest podniesienie świadomości pasterzy, aby umieli ukazywać wiernym świeckim ich wezwanie do odnowienia świata w Chrystusie.

19

Świeckość państwa w nauczaniu Josepha Ratzingera-Benedykta XVI

51%

Lubiński D.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

|

2018

|

vol. 27

|

issue 1

99-114

EN

This article attempts to offer several keys to understand the relation and reference between religious values and temporal social order and its political dimension. The Pope, on the basis of the autonomy of temporary realities, recognizes a positive role of religion in public life. In a secular state presence of religion in the public sphere becomes not only necessary for the state to remain secular (not laic), but it is an invaluable resource in civil society. Catholicism accepts the secularism of the state and politics, but it does not agree with the reduction of Christianity to the private sphere, since there is no connection between the two. The principle of secularism may thus mean that the state is secular, but one should not attempt to make it laic, that is try to exclude the public role of religion in a democratic state.

20

L’Occident face au djihadisme islamique. Comment répondre?

45%

Lapointe E.

Nurt SVD

|

2015

|

issue 2

413-428

FR

Face au djihadisme islamique, comment réagir pour favoriser un changement positif radical dans les relations entre l’Occident et l’Islam? L’auteur suggère des essais de vivre ensemble dans l’acceptation et le respect de tous. Le but: réaliser comment il pourrait être bon de nous connaître les uns les autres en vue de bâtir ensemble un monde meilleur. Pour tenter de comprendre le phénomène de la violence dans nos relations les uns avec les autres, l’auteur commence par tracer un portrait-robot du djihadisme, puis décrit ce que devrait être la liberté d’expression qui a dominé les attentats récents, en particulier le drame de «Charlie Hebdo». Finalement, il traite de la question de la laïcité (ou sécularité) et de l’irruption du religieux. Conclusion: tout mettre en oeuvre pour arriver à vivre ensemble, en harmonie, peut-être sous un gouvernement séculier, une gouvernance établie non pas pour promouvoir une idéologie qui pourrait se révéler oppressive à son tour, mais pour protéger la liberté d’expression de tous dans le respect de l’opinion des uns et des autres, y compris de leur religion.

PL

Jaką postawę należy przyjąć wobec dżihadyzmu islamskiego, aby utrwalić pozytywne relacje pomiędzy Zachodem i Islamem? Autor snuje wizję społeczeństwa wielokulturowego funkcjonującego na zasadzie wzajemnego respektu i szacunku. Pierwszorzędnym celem tego projektu jest wzajemne poznanie się w celu budowania – razem – lepszego świata. Usiłując zrozumieć (albo wytłumaczyć) zjawisko przemocy o motywach religijnych, która manifestuje się w różnych częściach świata, autor najpierw szkicuje „portret pamięciowy” dżihadysty. Następnie określa czym powinna charakteryzować się wolność słowa – motyw licznych zamachów terrorystycznych, zwłaszcza dramatyczny w skutkach atak na redakcję „Charlie Hebdo”. W końcu autor podejmuje klasyczny temat „laickości” (albo „sekularyzmu”) świata zachodniego i analizuje zjawisko „powrotu religijności”. Podsumowując, autor proponuje warunki sine qua non wspólnej, harmonijnej egzystencji społeczeństwa wielokulturowego: rządy sprawuje tu władza świecka, tzn. taka władza, której celem nie jest promowanie ideologii (bo mogłaby się ona przerodzić w opresję), ale zapewnienie wolności słowa i wyznania wszystkich obywateli.

EN

What is the right attitude towards the Islamic jihadism that would cement the positive relationship between the West and Islam? The author of the article pictures a multicultural society built on mutual respect, whose primary objective is getting to know each other in order to build – together – a better world. First, he identifies some key features of a jihaidst, which are intended to help understand (or explain) occurrences of the use of violence on religious grounds. Next he describes some characteristics of the idea of the freedom of speech – the motive behind many terrorist attacks, especially the dramatic outcome of the assault of the offices of «Charlie Hebdo». Finally, he addresses the classic idea of the laïcité (secularity) in the Western world and analyses the phenomenon of the ”return to religiosity”. In his conclusion, the author postulates the sine qua non condition for a peaceful existence of a multicultural society: non-religious government, whose objective is not the promotion of an ideology (which could mutate into oppression), but the preservation of the freedom of speech and religion for all citizens.

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