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Krátkodobá online Súcitná intervencia založená na Programe Vnímavého sebasúcitu

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Halamová J., Kanovský M., Jakubcová K., Kupeli N.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 2
236-250
EN
Objectives. The Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program is an empirically-developed group intervention aimed to cultivate self-compassion. Sample and setting. A randomized control trial was conducted with pre-, post-measurements, and two-month follow-up. A total of 122 participants were recruited from a general community by convenience sampling. They were randomly allocated to the Compassionate intervention (CI) based on MSC and to a control condition with no treatment. Hypotheses. The authors hypothesised that participation in the CI based on the MSC would decrease self-criticism and increase self-reassurance and self-compassion. Statistical analysis. SPSS Statistics-20, program R, and the package nparLD for the statistical analysis. Non-parametric rank-based test for longitudinal data (pretest-postest design) was employed. Results. This version of the CI based on the MSC significantly increased levels of selfcompassion and self-reassurance as reported immediately post intervention and at two-month follow-up. The CI based on the MSC was also effective at reducing self-uncompassionate responding, which was only present immediately post intervention. Self-compassion is responsive to improvement following a short-term online intervention of CI based on the MSC which suggests that interventions designed to increase self-compassion can be provided online to broader populations without direct involvement of mental health professionals. Study limitation. Participants allocated to the CI were not exposed to the full experience of the MSC but only to a selected number of exercises from the MSC program.
SK
Program Vnímavého sebasúcitu (The Mindful Self-Compassion program – MSC) je empiricky vytvorená skupinová intervencia zameraná na kultiváciu sebasúcitu. Randomizovaná kontrolná štúdia sa uskutočňovala s tromi meraniami pred a po intervencii a s dvojmesačným follow-up. Celkovo sa výskumu zúčastnilo 122 participantov. Boli náhodne rozdelení do súcitnej intervencie (CI) na základe MSC a do kontrolnej skupiny bez intervencie. Cieľom bolo preskúmať vplyv krátkodobej online verzie CI založenej na programe MSC na sebasúcit, sebakritickosť a sebapotvrdenie v neklinickej populácii. Autori predpokladali, že účasť v CI na základe MSC zníži sebakritickosť a zvýši sebapotvrdenie a sebasúcit. Na štatistickú analýzu bol použitý program SPSS Statistics-20, program R a knižnica nparLD. Data boli analyzované neparametrickým testom založeným na poradí pre longitudinálne dáta (pretest-posttest design). Táto verzia CI na základe MSC signifikantne zvýšila úroveň sebasúcitu a sebapotvrdenia okamžite po intervencii a aj po dvoch mesiacoch. Intervencia bola tiež účinná pri znižovaní nesebasúcitného reagovania okamžite po intervencii. Úroveň sebasúcitu sa dá zlepšiť krátkodobou online súcitnou intervenciou založenou na MSC, čo naznačuje, že intervencie zamerané na zvýšenie sebasúcitu sa môžu poskytovať širšiemu obyvateľstvu bez priameho zapojenia odborníkov v oblasti duševného zdravia. Hlavným limitom výskumu je, že participanti v intervenčnej skupine neabsolvovali celý program MSC ale iba jeho vybranú časť.
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Úroveň sebakritiky a zmeny v obsahoch riadených imaginácií u účastníkov Tréningu zameraného na emócie pre sebasúcit a sebaprotekciu:

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Koróniová J., Halamová J., Taňkošová N.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 5
608-624
EN
The aim of the study was to identify, during guided imageries, how high and low self-critical people imagine their inner self-critical, selfprotective, and self-compassionate parts. The authors explored changes in imagery content when comparing the pre-test and post-test state of Emotion Focused Training for Self-Compassion and Self-Protection (EFT-SCP). Consensual Qualitative Research was the method used for the data analysis and level of self-criticism was determined using the Forms of Self-Criticizing/ Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale. Two groups representing the extremes of the sample of 92 EFT-SCP adolescent participants (the highest 15% and the lowest 15% of the selfcritics) were analysed. The first of the two extreme groups consisted of 12 highly self-critical people (1 man and 11 women, AM = 21.7; SD = 1.16), and the second comprised 15 low selfcritics (1 man and 14 women; AM = 22.3; SD = 1.2). The results indicated that the training led to positive shifts away from maladaptive patterns (shame, fear, worthlessness, and incompetence) to more adaptive ones (safeness, love, empowerment, and the need to understand the situation). Although the maladaptive patterns declined and adaptive ones were adopted, the maladaptive patterns were not completely eliminated, which can be exploited in better use of treatments.
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"Źle jest, poezjo moja, że jeszcze nie jesteś prosta jak kij". Elementy samokrytyki w twórczości Romana Bratnego, przedstawiciela pokolenia "pryszczatych"

72%
Piekarska A.
Prace Literaturoznawcze
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2016
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issue 4
179-199
EN
The article presents self-criticism in the works of one of the main representatives of the "the spotty". The author proves that not only older writers strive to settle the past but also young socialist realist poets try to apologise for their weaknesses. The aim of the article is to show the mechanism of self-criticism in the poetry by Roman Bratny - focusing on what made him create pieces of writing of this type and on which "mistakes" he admitted having made. To reach this aim, the author analyses poems by Bratny which were published in the times of social realism. She shows how the poet tries to adapt to the enslaved society, in which self-criticism is a consistent element of literary life.
4
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Robust psychometric analysis and factor structure of the Forms of Self-criticizing/attacking and Self-reassuring Scale

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Sadovská Halamová J., Kanovský M., Pacúchová M.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 4
331-349
EN
Objectives. The study verifies the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the The Forms of Self-criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) through item response theory, IRT factor analysis, the validity of the scale and the development of norms. Sample and setting. The survey sample consisted of 1,181 participants (34 % men and 66 % women) with a mean age of 30.30 years (SD = 12.40). Data was gathered by convenience sampling, gradually over two years within a research grant focused on self-criticism and self-compassion. Hypotheses. It was assumed that the Slovak version of the FSCRS has a three-dimensional structure similarly to the original version. All the three subscales are scalable by Mokken analysis, so subscales’ raw score is invariant to items subscales’ scores. Statistical analysis. For data recording, the program SPSS Statistics-20 was used and for statistical processing, the program R version 3 1 3 was used, libraries mirt, TAM, lavaan, and mokken. Results. The Slovak translation of the FSCRS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of self-criticism. Its three-dimensional structure was confirmed, and all the three subscales were scalable by Mokken analysis. However, the two-dimensional structure (in which the Inadequate self and the Hated self are merged) showed good fit with data as well. Study limitation. Despite its size, the sample is not representative of the Slovak population regarding age and education. Therefore, the developed norms do not express the population distribution of self-criticism and self-reassurance.
SK
Ciele. Štúdia overuje psychometrické vlastnosti slovenskej verzie Škály foriem sebakritickosti a sebapotvrdenia prostredníctvom teórie odpovedí na položku, IRT faktorovej analýzy, validity škály a tvorby noriem. Vzorka a výber. Výskumná vzorka obsahovala 1 181 participantov (34 % mužov a 66 % žien) s priemerným vekom 30.30 rokov (SD = = 12.40). Dáta boli zbierané postupne dostupným výberom v priebehu dvoch rokoch v rámci riešenia čiastkových úloh výskumného grantu zameraného na výskum sebakritickosti a sebasúcitu. Hypotézy. Predpokladá sa, že slovenská verzia FSCRS má trojdimenzionálnu štruktúru rovnako ako originálna verzia. Všetky jej tri subškály sú škálovateľné podľa Mokkenovej analýzy, takže hrubé skóre subškál je invariantné voči skóre položiek. Štatistická analýza. Pre záznam dát autori použili program SPSS Statistics-20 a pre ich štatistické spracovanie program R verzia 3. 1. 3, knižnice mirt, TAM, lavaan a mokken. Výsledky. Škála FSCRS je v slovenskom preklade reliabilný a validný nástroj na meranie úrovne sebakritickosti. Potvrdila sa jej trojdimenzionálna štruktúra a tiež to, že všetky jej tri subškály sú škálovateľné podľa Mokkenovej analýzy. Avšak aj dvojdimenzionálny model, v ktorom sú Nenávidené a Neadekvátne self spojené do jednej subškály, ukázal dobrú zhodu s dátami. Limity štúdie. Napriek jej veľkosti vzorka nie je reprezentatívna pre slovenskú populáciu, najmä z hľadiska veku a vzdelania. Vytvorené normy tak nevyjadrujú distribúciu sebakritickosti a sebapotvrdenia v celej slovenskej populácii
5
Content available remote

Differences in self-compassion and shame in patients with anxiety disorders, patients with depressive disorders and healthy controls

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Benda J., Kadlečík P., Loskotová M.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2018
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vol. 62
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issue 6
529-541
EN
Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of self-compassion, shameproneness and internalized shame in samples of patients with anxiety/depressive disorders and in healthy controls. Participants and setting. Patients with anxiety disorders (N1 = 58), depressive disorders (N2 = 57) and healthy controls (N0 = 180) were administered scales measuring self-compassion, shame-proneness, internalized shame, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Hypotheses. It was hypothesized that: 1) both clinical samples would demonstrate a lower level of self-compassion and a higher level of shame-proneness and internalized shame than the healthy controls; 2) there will be no significant differences between the anxiety and the depressed sample in study variables; 3) selfcompassion would be correlated with shameproneness and internalized shame in all samples; 4) self-compassion, shame-proneness and internalized shame would correlate with the severity of anxiety/depression among patients with anxiety/ depressive disorders. Statistical analysis. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software, Version 23. Differences between samples were tested using Chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA and one-way MANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Associations between study variables were further determined by using correlation analysis and regression analyses. Results. Both anxiety/depressed patients were found to have significantly lower self-compassion and significantly higher shame-proneness and internalized shame than healthy controls. There were no significant differences between the anxiety and the depressed sample in study variables. All correlations were in the expected directions. Study limitations. The main limitations of this study are possible volunteer bias in healthy controls and conceptual overlap between measured constructs of self-compassion and shame.
CS
Cíle. Cílem studie bylo porovnat úrovně soucitu se sebou, tendence k prožívání studu a internalizovaného studu u vzorků pacientů s úzkostnými/ depresivními poruchami a u vzorku zdravých kontrol. Soubor a procedura. Pacientům s úzkostnými poruchami (N1=58), depresivními poruchami (N2 = 57) a zdravým kontrolám (N3=180) byly administrovány škály měřící soucit se sebou, tendence k prožívání studu, internalizovaný stud, úzkost a depresivní symptomy. Hypotézy. Autoři předpokládali, že: 1) oba klinické vzorky budou vykazovat nižší míru soucitu se sebou a vyšší míru tendence k prožívání studu a internalizovaného studu než zdravé kontroly; 2) mezi vzorkem úzkostných a vzorkem depresivních nebude ve sledovaných proměnných významný rozdíl; 3) soucit se sebou bude u všech vzorků korelovat s tendencí k prožívání studu a s internalizovaným studem; 4) soucit se sebou, tendence k prožívání studu a internalizovaný stud budou u pacientů s úzkostnými/depresivními poruchami korelovat se závažností úzkosti/deprese. Statistická analýza. Data byla analyzována s využitím programu IBM SPSS Statistics, verze 23. Rozdíly mezi vzorky byly testovány pomocí testů chí kvadrát, jednocestná ANOVA a jednocestná MANOVA s Bonferroniho post-hoc testy. Vztahy mezi jednotlivými proměnnými studie byly dále prověřeny provedením korelačních a regresních analýz. Výsledky. U pacientů s úzkostnými i depresivními poruchami byla zjištěna signifikantně nižší míra soucitu se sebou a signifikantně vyšší míra tendence k prožívání studu a internalizovaného studu než u zdravých kontrol. Mezi vzorkem úzkostných a vzorkem depresivních nebyl ve sledovaných proměnných významný rozdíl. Všechny korelace byly v předpokládaném směru. Omezení studie. Hlavními omezeními studie jsou možné zkreslení způsobené účastí dobrovolníků u zdravých kontrol a pojmový překryv mezi měřenými konstrukty – soucitem se sebou a studem.
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Content available

Christian Hope for a Better Europe

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Berry J.
Studia Gdańskie
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2017
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issue 41
187-194
EN
The credibility of the Church is correlated to the future of Europe. So are related the vision for a Church modelled on the Gospel and the soul of Europe. The Church listen and learns from the world, just as she has a decisive role to play in front of changing scenarios, ethical dilemmas and unprecedented historical turnings. This paper proceed in three steps and will be highlighting above all three key-terms: roots, self-criticism and trust. The first part of this paper emphasises the necessity to experience the need for roots. What is at stake here is to bring together a sense of realism and hope. The second step concerns a much-needed discernment of modernity and modern Christianity. Self-criticism is here presented as a way to challenge, renew and restore the Church, but especially today’s Europe (and the world) to overcome any inability to mediate between today’s culture and the core of revelation in Christ. In the third and final step, this paper proposes an exploration of neglected dimensions in everyday life according to Pope Francis’ vision for the Church in Europe and the world. What is underlined here is then the beauty and richness of the human capacity for trust. Hope is ultimately experienced when truth and freedom are held together.
PL
Wiarygodność Kościoła jest skorelowana z przyszłością Europy. Wiąże się z tym wizja Kościoła wzorowana na Ewangelii i duszy Europy. Kościół słucha i uczy się od świata, a jednocześnie ma decydującą rolę do odegrania w obliczu zmieniających się scenariuszy, dylematów etycznych i bezprecedensowych zawirowań historycznych. Niniejszy artykuł składa się z trzech części i skupia się przede wszystkim na trzech kluczowych terminach: korzenie, samokrytycyzm i zaufanie. Pierwsza część artykułu podkreśla konieczność odczuwania potrzeby korzeni. Stawką jest tu połączenie poczucia realizmu i nadziei. Druga część dotyczy bardzo potrzebnego rozeznania nowoczesności i nowoczesnego chrześcijaństwa. Samokrytycyzm jest tutaj przedstawiany jako droga do wyzwania, odnowy i odbudowy, ale szczególnie dzisiejszej Europy (i świata), aby przezwyciężyć wszelką niezdolność do pośredniczenia między dzisiejszą kulturą a rdzeniem Objawienia w Chrystusie. W trzeciej i ostatniej części artykuł proponuje zbadanie zaniedbanych wymiarów w codziennym życiu zgodnie z wizją papieża Franciszka dla Kościoła w Europie i na świecie. W tym miejscu zostaje podkreślone piękno i bogactwo ludzkiej zdolności zaufania. Nadzieja jest ostatecznie doświadczana, gdy prawda i wolność są ze sobą połączone.
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