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EN
The characteristic of the main personal qualities of the first-year student is given. The concept of an internality is defined and considered. Recommendations about carrying out correctional work are offered.
PL
From the times of Leon Kanner, autism was presented as a clinical image of behaviours. The descriptions were as comprehensive as possible, the diagnostic systems and therapies were optimised, and the analyses of various approaches to the etiology of autism were carried out. The contemporary knowledge is founded mainly on the analyses of behaviours, observations, and experiments. Cognition or self-awareness, which is a priority concept in this matter, can also be seen in the objects human beings create: in this case, people diagnosed with autism. The research was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2019. The aim of the study was acquiring knowledge of autism perception by the individuals who are affected by ASD and able to communicate, according to the age and sex of the respondents. The research was conducted on 168 individuals diagnosed with autism (90 women and 78 men). The innovative aspect of this project lies in using the netnography method for collecting and analysing data. The findings of the research have helped to expand the knowledge of problems that ASD individuals experience and have allowed the subjects of the research to share their own perspectives, including the effect of social labeling on their position in the society.
EN
The paper discusses the role of e-portfolio in the development of reflective thinking in a group of pre-service English as a foreign language teachers. It stresses the benefits it can bring (e.g. autonomous learning, cooperative learning - the author highlights the social context of e-portfolio) as well as presents the threats and risks it might bring based on the own experience of the author. The results of this case study showed that the process of e-portfolio building can enhance professional development, self-confidence and the ability to self-reflect own work and progress. The author indicates also the possibilities of its use not only in the groups of pre-service teacher trainers but also in the groups of in-service teachers.
EN
The aim of this research is to consider the impact of a Service-Learning module aiming at enhancing social responsibility and citizenship by using art as a medium for learning and reflection. It involves an explicit and designed programme that includes Socratic discussions and self-reflection projects through art. Action research was used as a methodology, ensuring that the whole class and the researcher were involved in the research process. The results of the project demonstrated that art is an effective medium to address sensitive issues because it functions on a symbolic and metaphorical level. Art that uses metaphors involves participants both consciously and sub-consciously and encourages possibilities for a diversity of interpretations.
PL
From the times of Leon Kanner, autism was presented as a clinical image of behaviours. The descriptions were as comprehensive as possible, the diagnostic systems and therapies were optimised, and the analyses of various approaches to the etiology of autism were carried out. The contemporary knowledge is founded mainly on the analyses of behaviours, observations, and experiments. Cognition or self-awareness, which is a priority concept in this matter, can also be seen in the objects human beings create: in this case, people diagnosed with autism. The research was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2019. The aim of the study was acquiring knowledge of autism perception by the individuals who are affected by ASD and able to communicate, according to the age and sex of the respondents. The research was conducted on 168 individuals diagnosed with autism (90 women and 78 men). The innovative aspect of this project lies in using the netnography method for collecting and analysing data. The findings of the research have helped to expand the knowledge of problems that ASD individuals experience and have allowed the subjects of the research to share their own perspectives, including the effect of social labeling on their position in the society.
EN
Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to present leadership limitations that influence leadership effectiveness and examine if it is possible to overcome these limitations. Methodology: The study presents the results of literature analyses and the findings of the recent research studies on leadership. It also refers to literature items that might be helpful in analyzing the leadership limitations. Conclusions: The study indicates that some leadership behaviors that fall into a particular category are useful in understanding and reflecting on their limitations, while other leaders’ actions enable them to overcome those limitations or use them to support leadership effectiveness. Research limitations: This is a theoretical and conceptual study. It formulates propositions to further empirical research studies. Originality: The study analyzes a number of behaviors from different leadership theories. These behaviors fall into four meta-categories: situational, transformational, authentic and boundary spanning. The study also provides information about leadership styles that are useful in understanding and overcoming leadership limitations.
EN
In this work we analyse three poetic expressions by Elisaweta Bagriana, Desanka Maksimović and Urszula Kozioł who sincerely share with us the experience of their own senescence. Thephysical symptoms of ageing is perceived by Maksimović with surpise, by Bagriana with understanding and by Kozioł with rebellion. The authors’ state of mind differs from protest and frustration (Kozioł and Bagriana) to apeaceful surrender connected with understanding of what was meant to come. Each of the authors, regardless of all the differences between them, is able to be fruitful in their writing till their old age and is aware of what she has accomplished poetically, which makes the lives of all the three authors full of sense to them.
XX
Три велике песникиње: Елисавета Багрјана, Десанка Максимовић и Уршула Козјол у касним годинама живота искрено описују своје доживљавање старости. Физичке недо­статке гледају са изненађењем (Максимовић), разумевањем (Багрјана) али такође са проте­стом и иронијом (Козјол). Расположење се колеба између бунта и горчине (Козјол, Багрјана) и помирења са судбином, свешћу неминовне пролазности. Свака песникиња, независно од разлика мећу њима, до касних година живота песнички активна, је свесна својих стваралач­ких могућности што даје смисао читавом животу.
EN
Observing that cultural animators increasingly define their activity as part of the cultural sector, and not simply a job, the author of this article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of their actions, with emphasis on the latter. With actual examples, she looks at different attitudes toward cultural animation, alongside different methods and difficulties that such activists can face or create. She likewise emphasizes the key role that self-reflection plays, in both critical analysis of the profession and supporting progress in Polish culture.
EN
The paper deals with tacit knowledge in the pedagogical component of teacher education. Tacit knowledge is seen – metaphorically – as a bridge between theory and practice. In the paper, the concept of tacit knowledge is characterised; it is a concept that has not been much discussed in Czech literature on education. Tacit knowledge is seen as personal and individual; it is developed through the subject’s experience and has the following characteristics: it is procedural in nature and can be difficult to express, it is relevant for achieving aims that are considered important, it is developed with just little help of others or without such help whatsoever, it is bound to a specific context. In teacher education, a student teacher develops tacit knowledge through dealing with practical situations. In order for tacit knowledge to develop and improve in students, it must first be made explicit. One of the tools that help make tacit knowledge explicit is self-reflection, which however by itself is not enough for the student to realise what his or her behaviour is and how it can be improved. Such aim can be achieved through sharing experience and tacit knowledge between students and teacher educators (mentors, field didacticians, etc).
EN
Czesław Miłosz’s poetry displays two reverberating topics which may be defined as two contradictory existence and world experiences. One of those is admiration for the beauty of the world and awe consequent upon capturing the simultaneous existence of individual entities (Awe), whilst the other is the topic of lack of fulfilment, torment, the feeling of lack of authenticity, blame, and shame (This). Miłosz depicts his “I” (represented by various personae), split between individual consciousness, a strong sense of individuality, distinct from the commune of ordinary people (a strand salient in the pre-war volume Three Winters), as well as nurturing a feeling of strong bonds with the society. The poet’s self-reflection holds for both topics, while the autobiographic discourse is orientated to the questions about the functions of poetic language and about the status and sense of poetry, thereby addressing self-topicality.
EN
Supervised practice teaching is an inseparable part of the higher education of future teachers and is perceived as the bridge between theoretical and practical preparation. It is also a tool for the development of professional competences of future teachers, therefore it is inevitable to pay attention to it in terms of theory, research and practice. This article introduces the position of self-reflection in the process of evaluating the implementation of supervised practice teaching done by students themselves. Through the analysis of self-reflecting evaluation of the implemented practice done by students, it presents various possibilities how to improve the supervised practice teaching in higher education of future teachers itself.
EN
The article contains a reconstruction of the theme of the alien in The Star Diaries  by Stanisław Lem, with special emphasis on The Eighth Voyage. The Author treats this theme as a starting point for existential considerations, and - by reference to the work of Bernard Waldenfels - also for cultural and civilizational considerations.
EN
The discovery of mirror neurons and the characterization of their response properties is certainly an important achievement in neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience. The reference to the role of mirror neurons in ‘reading’ the intentions of other creatures and in the learning process fulfils an explanatory function in understanding many cognitive phenomena beginning from imitating, towards understanding, and finishing with complex social interactions. The focus of this paper is to review selected approaches to the role of mirror neurons in mental activity as understanding, and to conclude with some possible implications for researches on mirror neurons for philosophical theories of understanding.
EN
The given study brings the view of professional thinking of pre-school teachers into the professional discourse about professionalization of teaching with the aim to find out about the quality of reflection of pre-school teachers with different levels of qualification. In the foreword chapters, the authors consider the relationship between professionalism and qualification and summarize with introducing three dimensions of professional thinking – cognitive, reflective and subjective dimension. In the paper, the authors concentrate only on the reflective dimension which represents the central point of investigation of the nature of thinking of (female) preschool teachers with different levels of qualification (ISCED 3A and ISCED 5B). They present the models of reflection (Eby, 2000; Korthagen, 2011; Píšová, 2005) that were used in the research. The following part of the paper focuses on the research methodology and findings. The results show that some positive evaluation statements of the respondents about their work are in the contrast to the results of the video analysis. The results of the research investigation have shown that the teachers who had been involved in focused reflection and realization of self-reflection techniques use a higher level of cognitive thinking. Therefore the authors’ view on professional thinking and its development through systematic implementation of reflection already during preservice pre-school teacher education at Faculties of Education has been supported.
EN
The subject matter of this paper concerns the early phase of Vasily Grossman’s literary career in the mid-1930s. Prior to this period, the author proved his ability to evaluate the mechanisms of censorship and developed his understanding of what was publishable and what could be sanctioned through the publication process of his first novel (Bit-Yunan, Fel’dman 2019). The research material selected for this paper is the lesser-known short story Zhizn’ Il’i Stepanovicha [The life of Il’ya Stepanovich], published in 1935, and the aim is to provide a close reading and an interpretation key to this text. In order to expose the hidden ambiguity of the short story, the chosen research perspective includes a focus on the function of the protagonist as an entity that does not legitimise the socialist myth; a narratological approach on the use of proper names, on “perspective” and the role of the narrator with regard to the axiological structure of the text.
EN
The paper takes into consideration the relationship between philosophical anthropology and phenomenology from the point of view provided by Eugen Fink’s philosophical path. Starting with phenomenological researches into the structure of constitution and reduction, after the Second World War Fink puts forth an anthropological theory based on the notion of play. This paper identifies the self-reflective and practical structure of Selbstbesinnung as a constant element of Fink’s analysis of the phenomenological method, of consciousness, and of the anthropological dimension of play, thus suggesting a profound continuity in his philosophical thought.
EN
This paper draws attention to the significance of implicit pedagogical knowledge in the educational process of future teaching staff. Implicit pedagogical knowledge is here understood to be the “hidden” knowledge of students of teaching, which originates on the basis of their prior experience, is derived from a student’s implicit theories of learning and teaching, is interlinked with their explicit knowledge – and which influences the behaviour of the student in a pedagogical situation. In the process of creating and developing implicit pedagogical knowledge, the author considers the following to be key elements: self-reflection and the publicising and sharing of pedagogical experience. He indicates that it is absolutely essential that the traditional understanding (such as has been handed down to-date in the literature) be enriched by a new dimension – and especially by the dimension of one’s personality. He offers a newly-coined term “pedagogical condition”, which is understood to describe the ability and flexibility of a student to behave proactively under a variety of pedagogical situations.
EN
The article analyzes methods of implementing antitheatrical discourse in Ukrainian dramaturgy. Different types of antitheatricality in literary texts are distinguished on the basis of plays by M. Starytskyi, I. Karpenko-Karyi, A. Krushelnytskyi, V. Vynnychenko, Ya. Mamontiv, V. Cherednychenko, and M. Kulish. The authors define key vectors that the antitheatrical discourse follows: criticism of theater as an institution, criticism of the drama school / method, criticism of theatricality and acting, including in offstage situations. It is arguably reasonable to examine the phenomenon of antitheatrical prejudice in the context of the theory of metadrama as one of its factors. Artistic interpretation of the theater in an ironic or farcical vein, discussions over the repertoire that is no longer relevant, the aesthetic nature of stage technique, and discredit of acting as an occupation all generally encourage dramatic conventionality to double. Most common metadramatic devices used to implement antitheatricality in Ukrainian drama are believed to include a play within a play, adaptation of spectator’s reception for stage, and intertextual references.
EN
The text is an attempt to analyse the latest novel by Dorota Masłowska as a manifestation of culture of authenticity described by Charles Taylor, namely the culture in which one strives to discover one’s true “self.” The author argues that Dorota Masłowska considers the desire to be original and true to oneself as the most important human activity and condemns those who are not successful in that regard. At the same time, unlike her characters, she presents herself as a self-aware and authentic individual. Masłowska’s linguistic ingenuity has long been overshadowed her reflection on what actually the writer actually wants to communicate. This work is an attempt to fill this gap.
PL
Tekst stanowi próbę analizy powieści „Kochanie, zabiłam nasze koty” Doroty Masłowskiej jako przejawu opisanej przez Charlesa Taylora kultury autentyczności, tj. kultury dążenia do odkrycia swego prawdziwego „ja”. Autor przekonuje, że Dorota Masłowska żadnej ludzkiej aktywności nie przypisuje takiego znaczenia, jak pragnieniu bycia oryginalnym i wiernym sobie, a także piętnuje tych, którzy takowych starań nie uwieńczyli sukcesem. Jednocześnie, w odróżnieniu od swych postaci, przedstawia samą siebie jako jednostkę świadomą i autentyczną. Geniusz językowy Masłowskiej od dawna spycha na dalszy plan refleksję o tym, co rzeczywiście autorka ma do przekazania. Niniejszą pracą autor stara się zapełnić tę lukę.
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EN
Philosophy serves pedagogy in many ways: in the study of the principles of education, for critical reflection on educational methods and to stimulate pedagogical self-reflection. There are two approaches to philosophical study: professional and amateur (non-professional). While the first one ought to be adopted by philosophers, the amateur way plays a more significant role in education. It is based on an educator’s own experience, on an analysis of everyday events which have philosophical meaning. Such self-reflection, if correctly realized, leads to a universal (not individual) truth about man. Philosophy can also be misused in education, it may induce excessive propensity for contemplation, multiplication of doubts and lead to the weakening of human will.
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