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EN
Corporate social responsibility is a concept responding to climate change, environmental problems and the needs of stakeholders. Business makes an effort to act in the changing conditions, thus adapting to the expectations of the stakeholders and following the principles of sustainable economic development and social responsibility. One of the changes taking place in the current economic and social world is the change in the demographic structure of the population. The subject of the ageing population is often discussed, usually as a negative aspect in the context of changes in the pension system, health care costs or the employment conditions of older people. The principles of corporate social responsibility, such as social inclusion, anti-discrimination, and facilitating access to products and services create the basis for the development of the economy, focused on the use of the purchasing potential of older people. Thus, the perception of the demographic changes in this context becomes the ground for the formation of perspective solutions and the development of the silver economy. This model of the economy can be understood as a system which is based on adapting the production and distribution of products and services to older people. The main aim of this article is to present the challenges for companies in terms of the problems connected with an ageing population, as well as to present the main features of the concept of the silver economy in the context of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, considering the development of the silver economy, characteristics of older people as consumers should be taken into account. In this context, there are many stereotypes associated with the activities of the elderly. The article also notes the profile of potential customers of the silver economy, with a particular emphasis on the approach of the elderly to innovation, tradition and a broadly understood sense of security.
EN
The article will present difficulties in everyday functioning related to hearing damage in people of senior age. The first part discusses epidemiology, causes and difficulties in the psychosocial functioning of older people who lose their hearing. Next, attention was paid to the role of information support that can be given by immediate family members, health care workers and/or social workers. Next, general rules of conduct are presented, thanks to which it will be easier to provide effective assistance to a person with hearing impairment. The final element of the work is to develop guidelines for the management and communication of an elderly person with hearing impairment.
EN
In the paper entitled, the subject matter for analysis was deemed to be the consumer behaviour of the elderly. The author in question attempts to answer the following question: What are the specifics of behaviour for senior citizens on the market of goods and services? What factors determine the consumer behaviour of senior citizens to the largest extent? In the search for answers to these questions, analysis has been run on chosen consumer behavioural features. The factors differentiating the market of goods and services for senior citizen consumers have been presented. There is a concentration on the analysis of the chosen classification by indicating the difficulty in building the typology in this category of purchasers. With the aim of outlining the specifics of the categories of older consumers, the results of self research on the consumer behaviour of senior citizens on the market of goods and services have been presented. The economic, social and individual factors which determine the consumer behaviour of older people have been indicated.
EN
In the author’s opinion, in the light of the current provisions of the Act on Petitions and the Act on Municipal Self-Government, it cannot be considered that municipal councils of senior citizens have the legitimacy to submit a petition to the Sejm. In particular, the study notes that the mu‑ nicipal council of seniors is neither a natural person, nor a legal entity. Moreover, it is also not an organisational unit that is not a legal person within the meaning of the Act on Petitions. It was also emphasised that the functions of the municipal council of seniors are, strictly speaking, of an internal nature and it does not have competences that would allow it to represent the municipality externally, including submitting a petition to the Sejm.
EN
The contemporary scale of social space computerization should go hand in hand with the possibilities of implementation of new technologies in any group. In fact, the desire to make changes meets the wall of opposition from both the technical and digital divide problems associated with the lack of digital literacy. The article presents the scale of the problem of the digital divide of seniors representing a wide audience of people with no practical possibility of using a computer or the Internet.
EN
Corporate social responsibility is a concept responding to the climate change, environmental problems and the needs of stakeholders. Business makes an effort to act in the changing conditions, thus adapting to the expectations of the stakeholders and following the principles of sustainable economic development and social responsibility. One of the changes taking place in the current economic and social world is the change in the demographic structure of the population. The subject of aging population is being discussed, usually as a negative aspect in the context of changes in the pension system, health care costs or conditions of employment of older people. The principles of corporate social responsibility, such as social inclusion, anti-discrimination and facilitating access to products and services create the basis for the development of the economy, focused on the use of purchasing potential of older people. Thus, the perception of the demographic changes in this context becomes the ground for the formation of perspective solutions and development of the silver economy. This model of the economy can be understood as a system, which is based on adapting the production and distribution of products and services to older people. The main aim of this article is to present the challenges for companies in terms of the problems connected with an aging population, as well as to present the main features of the concept of the silver economy in the context of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, considering the development of the silver economy, there should be taken into account the characteristics of older people as consumers. In this context, there are a lot of stereotypes associated with the activity of the elderly. The article also notes the profile of potential customers of the silver economy, with a particular emphasis on the approach of the elderly to innovation, tradition and a widely understood sense of security.
PL
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7
Content available remote

Problems of the Elderly in Rural Areas

88%
EN
This paper deals with issues related to aiding elderly people who reside in rural areas and who used to do jobs associated with agriculture. The main aim is to present the situation of senior citizens and to show the problems and needs of this group within the society. The main assumption of the study is that the needs of the elderly people who live in rural areas are different than those of senior citizens who live in towns. The study was carried out using data obtained by a questionnaire survey, a literature review and subjective observations of the authors on the situation of the elderly and care opportunities available to them. The study has provided data which can be used mainly to propose solutions aimed at improving the situation of the elderly. To this end, two surveys were conducted: one targeting senior citizens who live in rural areas and the other – people who work as a carer for an elderly person. For each survey, a sample of 80 respondents was singled out, and the study area included the communes of the Voivodship of Warmia and Mazury, i.e. Dobre Miasto, Lubomino, Pasłęk and Stawiguda. The data obtained from the surveys has been used to determine the level of needs for longterm or supplementary care for elderly people and to identify the main forms and type of aid based on the needs felt by a specific group. The findings have shown that such care can be arranged by employing carers performing services to elderly people.
EN
The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of place of permanent residence (urban or rural) on the tourist activity of senior citizens (60+) of different socioeconomic statuses. The study involved 380 senior citizens (305 female and 75 male) aged 60 years and older who were permanent residents of the region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. In this group, 244 subjects resided in urban areas and 136 participants were rural dwellers. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their socioeconomic status (place of permanent residence, age, gender, educational attainment, financial status, membership in senior organizations, marital status, and professional activity) and tourist activity. A significance test of two structure coefficients (α=0.05) was applied. Factors such as gender, professional activity, and marital status were not related with the travel propensity of seniors from different groups (urban and rural), but were significant when rural residents were compared with urban dwellers. Seniors residing in urban areas of Warmia and Mazury, Poland, were significantly more likely to travel for leisure than those residing in rural areas. The tourist activity of seniors decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the age (60-74 years) and financial status of rural residents. The travel propensity of elderly people increased significantly (p<0.05) with educational attainment and membership in senior organizations. The study revealed considerable differences in the socioeconomic status and social characteristics of seniors residing in rural and urban areas, and those variations significantly influenced their propensity for travel: urban residents traveled more frequently than rural residents. It can be concluded that place of residence was a crucial factor determining the tourist behavior of senior citizens, and urban dwellers were more likely to travel.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the concept of the silver tourism economy and to identify its supply and demand in rural areas in Poland in relation to sustainable development. The problems of interest were analysed in the context of values held by and ethical norms observed in rural communities. It was found that ethical aspects of sustainable development were embraced by older members of rural communities, and, consequently, were closely connected with the supply and demand sides of the silver tourism economy. The study revealed that the supply side of the silver tourism economy in rural areas was more developed than the demand side. The authors emphasize the need for natural, cultural, social and economic resources (associated with the supply side) to support the demand side of the rural tourism market. They also indicate that ethical values and norms of sustainable development are important for the silver tourism economy. The article is based a review of the literature, analysis of secondary sources and official documents and participant observation undertaken by of the authors.
PL
W ostatnich latach zauważalna jest zmiana podejścia do usług oferowanych w ramach przekładu audiowizualnego i dostępności mediów. Zamiast skupiać się na konkretnej grupie widzów, widoczne jest dążenie do bardziej uniwersalnych rozwiązań, które brałyby pod uwagę odbiorców o różnej charakterystyce. Zgodnie z tym podejściem niektórzy badacze sugerują na przykład, że napisy dla niesłyszących (SDH) czy aplikacje dostępnościowe stworzone z myślą o osobach niewidomych mogłyby być użyteczne także dla osób starszych. U tej grupy widzów mogą występować typowe dla starzenia zmiany w narządach zmysłu czy obniżenie sprawności poznawczej, co może mieć istotny wpływ na proces oglądania filmów oraz preferowaną metodę tłumaczenia. Biorąc pod uwagę starzenie się populacji wielu krajów, można założyć, że osoby starsze stanowią ważną część grupy potencjalnych klientów kin. Niestety niewiele wiadomo na temat konkretnych potrzeb i preferencji osób starszych związanych z przekładem audiowizualnym, ponieważ dotychczasowe badania skupiały się na młodszych widzach. Celem tego artykułu jest krótkie scharakteryzowanie osób starszych jako odbiorców przekładu audiowizualnego oraz omówienie tematów, jakie mogą podjąć przyszłe badania nad tą grupą widzów.
EN
In recent years, approaches to audiovisua translation and media accessibility services have shifted from serving one group of viewers only towards a more universal design that takes into account a wider range of users. In line with that approach, some scholars point out, for example, that subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) or accessibility applications created with the blind and partially-sighted in mind could prove beneficial to senior citizens. This group of viewers is likely to experience age-related sensori-motor and cognitive decline, which may significantly influence their film-watching experience as well as their preference for an AVT method. As populations in many countries are aging, senior citizens might be considered an important part of potential cinema clientele. Unfortunately, since studies in AVT have concentrated on younger audiences, little is known about senior citizens’ specific preferences concerning audiovisual translation. The objective of this article is to briefly characterise senior citizens as recipients of audiovisual translation and discuss the possibilities for future studies on the subject.
Turyzm
|
2015
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
125-135
EN
The article is a summary of research into the perception of leisure time space, conducted in 2014 among Liceum students (aged 16-19) and members of the ‘Universities of the Third Age’ (U3A) in Łódź. The author compared perceptions of the idea of leisure time by both of these groups, studied how they spent it and described the factors which have a significant influence. Next, he analysed different approaches to the urban space of Łódź as well as comparing them to the spatial range and the types of visited places and events.  
Edukacja Międzykulturowa
|
2017
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
296-308
EN
Educational activeness of senior citizens is an important issue as the dynamics of the changes taking place in various spheres of life requires from them the systematic acquisition and updating of knowledge. Many organizations and institutions create favourable conditions for the oldest age group to develop skills, increase qualifications and acquire knowledge. A lot of significance in this respect is attributed to the third age universities.The presented study is aimed at drawing attention to the role of the Third Age University in Cieszyn and the Cross-Generation Regional University in Czech Cieszyn in lifelong education of senior citizens inhabiting both parts of Cieszyn Silesia. These universities have become a place for deepening the bonds and cross-generation contacts. Referring to the theory of activeness, both institutions enable the elderly fulfilling alternative social roles and, in this way, enhance their self-development.
PL
Kwestia aktywności edukacyjnej seniorów jest istotnym zagadnieniem, gdyż dynamika zachodzących w różnych sferach życia przemian wymaga od osób starszych systematycznego zdobywania oraz aktualizowania wiedzy. Wiele organizacji, instytucji i placówek stwarza dogodne warunki do rozwijania umiejętności, podnoszenia kwalifikacji oraz przyswajania wiedzy najstarszej grupie wiekowej. Szczególne znaczenie w tym zakresie przypisuje się uniwersytetom trzeciego wieku. Celem tego opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi na znaczenie Cieszyńskiego Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku oraz Międzygeneracyjnego Uniwersytetu Regionalnego w Czeskim Cieszynie w edukacji całożyciowej seniorów zamieszkujących polską i czeską część Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Uniwersytety te stają się miejscem zacieśniania więzi oraz kontaktów międzygeneracyjnych. W odniesieniu do teorii aktywności zapewniają seniorom wypełnianie alternatywnych ról społecznych, a co za tym idzie, przyczyniają się do samorozwoju osób starszych.
EN
Poland is an ageing society, a fact that has social repercussions. Government programmes point to the necessity of improving the quality of life of senior citizens in various domains. An important objective in gerontology is to increase the activity of senior citizens, which renders ageing a less arduous process. This objective has been postulated to involve the media. Given its public service remit and the specificity of audial communication, which enables a non-stereotypical treatment of old age, Polish Radio is tasked with including in its programming issues concerning the social inclusion of senior citizens. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that presenters of public radio, broadly accessible and popular among senior citizens as it is, address their well-being in its regular programmes.
EN
The article is aimed at diagnosing the innovativeness of Polish senior consumers (aged 65 and over). The starting point of the analysis is a short description of the elderly population. It is followed by the issues like: the interest of seniors in innovative goods and services as well as their knowledge of the problem, their inclination to purchase innovation and the related motives and barriers. There is also a discussion of the sources of information on the selected categories of innovative goods and services. The summary presents the segmentation of Polish consumers with regard to their attitudes to innovation and the share of senior consumers in every segment as well as a general assessment of senior consumer innovativeness. The article makes use of the empirical research conducted in 2014 within the Institute for Market, Consumption and Business Cycles Research project entitled “Consumption in an Innovative Economy”.
PL
Celem artykułu jest diagnoza innowacyjności polskich konsumentów w starszym wieku (65 lat i więcej). Punktem wyjścia do analizy jest krótka charakterystyka populacji ludzi starszych. Następnie poruszono takie zagadnienia, jak: zainteresowanie seniorów dobrami i usługami innowacyjnymi oraz ich wiedza na ten temat, skłonność seniorów do dokonywania zakupów innowacji oraz główne motywy i bariery takich zakupów. Omówiono również źródła informacji na temat wybranych kategorii dóbr i usług innowacyjnych. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono segmentację polskich konsumentów ze względu na ich stosunek do innowacji oraz udział seniorów w poszczególnych segmentach, a także ogólną ocenę innowacyjności konsumentów w starszym wieku. W artykule wykorzystano wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych w 2014 r. w ramach realizacji przez IBRKK projektu badawczego pt. „Konsumpcja w innowacyjnej gospodarce”.
PL
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the undiscussed and yet very interesting issue of fashion and the clothing of senior citizens. The issue is analyzed here in relation to Georg Simmel’s concept of fashion and specifically his idea of imitation and distinctiveness inscribed in the fashion system. Simmel seems to indicate that the social order determined by fashion is more often respected by women than by men. Therefore, the issue of fashion and clothing is discussed in relation to the gender of the individual. Age is also important. In her own research among people aged 60 and over (a diagnostic survey and interviews), the author of the article sought answers to the following questions: what do seniors think about the clothing of today’s older people? Do they think they dress fashionably – in the sense of following the spirit of modern times, which promotes youth? What determines the way seniors dress in contemporary Poland? The respondents were aware of a change in how seniors dress today and view the change positively. The fashion behavior of seniors is more often approved by women than by men and by younger seniors rather than older ones.
EN
The elderly are currently becoming one of the subjects of a global culture. As a consequence of a substantial increase in the number of individuals belonging to this age-group, the social status of the elderly is constantly growing. This change has resulted in science “re-accustoming” with the issue of the old age, and the culture has been promoting its new and medially attractive quality. This article analyzes the relevance of the stereotypes and prejudices conditioning the quality of life among the elderly. The authors discuss the new challenges resulting from the demographic revolution that is taking place right now. The examples employed here are to facilitate turning the theory of active aging in a friendly environment into practice. Nevertheless, the authors are aware that this change will not be an easy or a swift process.
EN
The article is about the contemporary agenda of the policy for senior citizens in Poland, concerning especially the long-term care issue. In the first part, there are key concepts of the article defined, such as “agenda in the public policy”, “policy for senior citizens” and long-term care issue”. In the second part, there are several policy documents and programmes for the aged examined, which provides the overview of the current elderly and long-term policy and its agenda. The analysis includes the governmental documents and programmes, as well as the activity (concerning long-term care for the elderly) of some other central institutions such as the Ombudsman and Supreme Audit Office and Office of Competition and Consumer Protection. The article ends with the conclusions. 
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest współczesnej agendzie polityki senioralnej w Polsce w kontekście zagadnień związanych z opieką długoterminową i usługami opiekuńczymi wobec osób starszych. W pierwszej części definiowane są zasadnicze pojęcia jak „agenda”, „polityka senioralna” czy rozumienie „kwestii opiekuńczej”. W następnej części dokonano przeglądu dokumentów różnych podmiotów publicznych w zakresie działań na rzecz osób starszych pod kątem tego, czy i jak obecne są w nich zagadnienia związane z opieką. Na tej podstawie rekonstruowana jest agenda polityki senioralnej w aspekcie opiekuńczym. Najpierw omawiane są dokumenty i programy rządowe, a następnie działalność innych podmiotów, jak Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich, Najwyższa Izba Kontroli czy Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumenta. Artykuł wieńczą wnioski.
PL
Relacje międzypokoleniowe są podstawą funkcjonowania każdego społeczeństwa. Jednym ze sposobów budowania tych relacji jest dialog między pokoleniami. Dialog między generacjami jest również możliwym sposobem przeciwdziałania i zapobiegania współczesnym problemom społecznym. Wymaga to jednak aktywnego w nim udziału zarówno starszych jak i młodych. Myślą przewodnią niniejszego opracowania jest przekonanie, że dialog międzygeneracyjny jest kluczem przeciwdziałania egocentryzmowi pokoleniowemu. Dlatego rozważania podjęte w niniejszym tekście oscylują wokół ukazania dialogu międzypokoleniowego jako potrzeby, a jednocześnie poważnego wyzwania naszych czasów. W szczególności podkreśla się korzyści dialogu międzygeneracyjnego zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym jak i społecznym.
EN
Intergenerational relations form the basis of how every society functions. One of the ways to develop these relations is through intergenerational dialogue, which can also prevent and counteract modern social problems. However, that requires the active participation of both the young and the elderly. The underlying idea of the present study is the conviction that intergenerational dialogue is the key to the prevention of generational egocentrism. That is why the study considers the intergenerational dialogue as both a need and a challenge. What is stressed here is the benefit of intergenerational dialogue in the individual and social dimensions.
EN
The aging of society in Poland is beginning to be perceived as an important challenge in the social and economic spheres. Hence, it is becoming essential to become familiar with the various aspects of aging. One of the most important aspects would seem to be the sphere of consumption. The consumption of elderly people has been acknowledged as the subject matter in the herein paper. The author reflects on the changes in their consumer behaviour. On the basis of self‑research conducted in 2012 and in 2018, there is a search for answers to the following research questions: “What are the specifics of the consumption of elderly people?” and “Are changes observed in their consumer behaviour?”. The survey method was employed in the research and the results acquired indicate changes to the strategies of consumer behaviour of senior citizens in the direction of greater rationality in terms of the fulfilment of needs.
PL
Starzenie się społeczeństwa w Polsce zaczyna być postrzegane jako ważne wyzwanie dla sfery życia społecznego i gospodarczego. Konieczne staje się zatem poznanie różnych aspektów starzenia. Jednym z ważniejszych wydaje się sfera konsumpcji. W artykule przedmiotem rozważań uczyniono konsumpcję ludzi starszych. Autor podejmuje refleksję nad zmianą ich zachowań konsumpcyjnych. Na podstawie badań własnych, przeprowadzonych w 2012 i 2018 roku, szuka odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze: „Jaka jest specyfika konsumpcji osób starszych?” i „Czy obserwuje się zmiany w ich zachowaniach konsumpcyjnych?”. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na zmiany strategii zachowań konsumpcyjnych seniorów w kierunku większej racjonalności zaspokajania potrzeb.
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