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EN
This short study embraces both the first sprouts of the written Macedonian literature for children (somewhere around the second part of the 19th century), and the literary production which happens after the establishment of the contemporary Macedonian language, that is, after the 1945. Still, the main accent is on two newer books: Verses also Grow (И строфите растат) by Alexandar Kujundziski and Jump and Skip (Скокни прескокни) by Vasil Mukaetov which is a part of the refreshed reading list as an optional book for the Macedonian language lessons in the primary schools in Macedonia. Both authors put an emphasis exactly on a child’s sensitivity and such issues as character growth and maturation. In their books, they transfer the reader from childhood to adulthood unnoticeably and lightly. Their message is to help the little human in the complex process of his or her own comprehension and to show him or her that he or she are not alone in this process.
EN
This short study embraces both the first sprouts of the written Macedonian literature for children (somewhere around the second part of the 19th century), and the literary production which happens after the establishment of the contemporary Macedonian language, that is, after the 1945. Still, the main accent is on two newer books: Verses also Grow (И строфите растат) by Alexandar Kujundziski and Jump and Skip (Скокни прескокни) by Vasil Mukaetov which is a part of the refreshed reading list as an optional book for the Macedonian language lessons in the primary schools in Macedonia. Both authors put an emphasis exactly on a child’s sensitivity and such issues as character growth and maturation. In their books, they transfer the reader from childhood to adulthood unnoticeably and lightly. Their message is to help the little human in the complex process of his or her own comprehension and to show him or her that he or she are not alone in this process.
3
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Im dalej w las…

84%
EN
The article focuses on Ten i tamten las [This and That Forest] by Magdalena Tulli, which is another recent example of a book addressed to children, whose sender is a distinguished author of adult literature. The interpretation of the text reveals the adult problems and emotions faced by its animal heroes, subtly hidden behind the adventurous layer of the work. Consequently, the reader receives a book that defies the traditional division into children’s literature and adult literature: a book that requires not so much the right metrics as sensitivity.
EN
Sensitivity, as the ability to respond to internal and external stimuli, undoubtedly plays an important role in the social action of persons. Without this ability -as in the case of indifference- human being lacks a perception that is necessary in response to a specific emergency situation or a need. This article focuses on the teaching of Karol Wojtyla in his major work Acting Person, with a particular emphasis on the question of the motivation of human action. We want to reply to three basic questions related to the topic: Does this ability strengthens or weakens the culture of the Internet age, especially in Western European society? What is the primary motive of human action? Is sensitivity an essential motive and a factor of development of the person and society? What practical consequences we can draw from the teachings of the Krakow thinker about sensitivity? A person, as defined by Wojtyla, that is isolated, remains indifferent. Similarly persons who are hypersensitive hinders themselves to a mature participation in responsible love. The first quality (indifference) leads persons to flee from their duties. The second (hypersensitivity) leads persons to be overwhelmed by this challenge. The first we can describe as lack of feeling, the second as excessive compassion. The diagnosis of Wojtyla (it is more important to be than to have) remains very current and is an important stimulus in which direction to go to promote motivation for social action, and to build a society of communion of persons. Instead of an individualistic dominated competitive struggle of egos, we should try to realize a society in which the encounter of persons is characterized by mutual devotion in love.
EN
The medical clown is a healthcare practitioner whose character is strictly associated with the performer’s own personality. In this study, the relationships between level of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), caregiving strategies and humour in Italian and Israeli clowns were compared. Participants were 159 medical clowns (97 Italian and 62 Israeli), ranging from 22 to 74 years of age, who completed a demographic questionnaire, the self-reported Highly Sensitive Person Scale, the Caregiving Strategies Scale and the BenCor. Results showed that higher SPS was related to higher hyperactivation and deactivation, and that hyperactivation was related to lower benevolent humour and greater corrective humour. Hyperactivation negatively predicts benevolent humour but positively predicts corrective humour, beyond the effect of SPS. Deactivation had no relationship to either benevolent or corrective humour. The results are also discussed in reference to differences between the two groups and to previous studies conducted with general populations.
EN
Randomisation tests (R-tests) are regularly proposed as an alternative method of hypothesis testing when assumptions of classical statistical methods are violated in data analysis. In this paper, the robustness in terms of the type-I-error and the power of the R-test were evaluated and compared with that of the F-test in the analysis of a single factor repeated measures design. The study took into account normal and non-normal data (skewed: exponential, lognormal, Chi-squared, and Weibull distributions), the presence and lack of outliers, and a situation in which the sphericity assumption was met or not under varied sample sizes and number of treatments. The Monte Carlo approach was used in the simulation study. The results showed that when the data were normal, the R-test was approximately as sensitive and robust as the F-test, while being more sensitive than the F-test when data had skewed distributions. The R-test was more sensitive and robust than the F-test in the presence of an outlier. When the sphericity assumption was met, both the R-test and the F-test were approximately equally sensitive, whereas the R-test was more sensitive and robust than the F-test when the sphericity assumption was not met.
EN
Peace is non–violence and there is only one way to achieve it: peace as structural and interpersonal non–violence. The daily non–violence is as instructive as the spectacular actions of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Peace education is better based on demonstration what we “can” than to postulate of what we should do. The Peace Studies prefer a resource–oriented approach to education instead of a deficit–oriented. Our central thesis is that the youth is living in a kind of transculturality, the best conditions for peacebuilding. Considering the increasing sensitivity we expected that latest in 2075 we will make the war a taboo. The central key to solve conflicts nonviolently is conflict transformation in trusting a spiritual third power in between the opponents, even secularized people. The peace education has to help us to discover the third in nonviolent activities. There is a lot of difficult issues that the non–violence has to reflect in future, including elimination of the extreme violence, reconciliation, an impact of economy, the peacebuilding’s relevance of structural measures.
EN
The article explores resilience of the Czech NUTS3-level regions to an external economic shock in the form of the latest global economic crisis of 2008-2009. It begins with a brief introduction of the concept of resilience and of terminological and methodological issues associated with operationalizing it. Next, regional resistance to the external economic shock is assessed using sensitivity indices of relative output and employment contractions. Finally, the nature and severity of the shock as well as regional disparities in recoverability are investigated using employment data.
EN
Objectives This study aims to test the validity of the IPD-Work Consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ). Material and Methods A random population sample (N = 682) of all middle-aged Malmö males and females was given a questionnaire with the 14-item JCQ and 11-item DCQ for the job control and job demands. The JCQ job control and job demands scores were calculated in 3 different ways: using the 14-item JCQ standard scale formulas (method 1); dropping 3 job control items and using the 11-item JCQ standard scale formulas with additional scale weights (method 2); and the approach of the IPD Group (method 3), dropping 3 job control items, but using the simple 11-item summation-based scale formulas. The high job strain was defined as a combination of high demands and low control. Results Between the 2 questionnaires, false negatives for the high job strain were much greater than false positives (37–49% vs. 7–13%). When the method 3 was applied, the sensitivity of the JCQ for the high job strain against the DCQ was lowest (0.51 vs. 0.60–0.63 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied), although the specificity was highest (0.93 vs. 0.87–0.89 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied). The prevalence of the high job strain with the JCQ (the method 3 was applied) was considerably lower (4–7%) than with the JCQ (the methods 1 and 2 were applied) and the DCQ. The number of congruent cases for the high job strain between the 2 questionnaires was smallest when the method 3 was applied. Conclusions The IPD-Work Consortium approach showed 2 major weaknesses to be used for epidemiological studies on the high job strain and health outcomes as compared to the standard JCQ methods: the greater misclassification of the high job strain and lower prevalence of the high job strain.
EN
Historical memory represents a kind of battery to store our national experience, be it positive or negative, that has a major impact on who we are today, and how we deal with our past. This experience derives, by way of illustration, from emigration that made Poles experience the feeling of "alienation". The author wonders what lessons stem from this experience, and whether living in a free and democratic state, we are capable of understanding and assisting the "strangers", uprooted from their ancestral land by the vortex of history, and forced to seek a new place of settlement and to "build up their life" in the more and more complicated international reality.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 9
35-53
EN
The paper views human sciences as a kind of cultural bond, building unity across all divisions and boundaries. For this purpose it uses arguments proposed by such intellectuals as Nussbaum, Rorty, Markowski and Assmann. It aims at justification of the thesis that humanities serve intrinsic integration and development of personality, social integration, maintaining bonds with the past and history, and creating a sense of common destiny of all human beings. Human sciences expand our horizons, allowing us to transcend the limits of our inborn egoism, they teach us how to imaginatively reach beyond and above the local perspective, creating foundations for interpersonal solidarity, respect, tolerance and compassion. The present political trends in Poland and in the world clearly favor natural and technical sciences, tending to devaluate and to marginalize humanities, which can be a prognostic of cultural regress, with unpredictable consequences for the future.
EN
The topic of this article is the usage in business language of seven particular words describing values or positively evaluated in this language (morality, sensitivity, excellence, loyalty, sentiment, execution, aggressive). The major part of the paper is dedicated to adetailed comparative analysis of these new meanings, based on the variety of examples taken from the Polish business language. The meanings of these words, as observed in business language, vary greatly as noted based on five Polish language dictionaries published in the 21st century, used for comparison. In most cases those new meanings of the examined words are not mentioned in the analysed dictionaries. In the final section of the text the author comments on the values discourse in business language (operational dimension, utility approach, ambition to measure and control the values), potential influence of value-words as used in business language on the common Polish language as well as the question whether these new meanings should be included in Polish language dictionaries.
PL
Edmund Bojanowski – wielki społecznik, patriota i zwolennik koncepcji pedagogicznej wychowania integralnego. Skutecznie działał na rzecz odrodzenia narodu i własnego środowiska, zwłaszcza wiejskiego. Jego myśl i dzieło aktualnie realizuje Stowarzyszenie Rodzina Bł. Edmunda Bojanowskiego. Dla jego członków priorytet stanowi formacja, która dynamizuje do niesienia konkretnej pomocy potrzebującym i gromadzenia różnych środowisk wokół dobra.
EN
Edmund Bojanowski – was a great community worker, patriot and proponent of the pedagogic idea of integral education. He efficiently worked for the rebirth of the nation and the environment, especially the rural one. His ideas and work are currently fulfilled by the Association of Blessed Edmund Bojanowski Family. The formation, which is a priority for its members, reinvigorates to support people in need and congregate around the goodness various communities.
14
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Zapisać ojcostwo (Tomasz Jastrun, Jacek Podsiadło)

60%
PL
W artykule autor próbuje opisać literackie przedstawienia ojcostwa w najnowszej literaturze. Konstatuje, że po fali „literatury antyojcowskiej” (określenie Przemysława Czaplińskiego) kojarzonej z książkami Izabeli Filipiak, Wojciecha Kuczoka, Jacka Dehnela, Edwarda Pasewicza nadeszła fala „ojców, którzy mówią”. Egzystencjalne doświadczenie ojcostwa w twórczości Tomasza Jastruna i Jacka Podsiadły staje się przedmiotem literackiego przedstawienia w zapisach lirycznych (Jastrun i Podsiadło), a także w tekstach paraliterackich (felieton). Autor próbuje opisać specyfikę obu tych głosów, a także ukazać wyłaniającą się z opisów wspólnotę doświadczania ojcostwa poza patriarchalnymi schematami, a więc ojcostwa poszukującego swojej nowej definicji. Na tę wspólnotę składają się m.in. ojcowskie przeżywanie ciąży, detabuizacja cielesnego obcowania z dzieckiem, sakralizacja relacji dziecko–ojciec poza religijnym układem odniesienia, nasilona potrzeba ochrony dziecka przed niebezpiecznym światem zewnętrznym.
EN
The article is an attempt of description of fatherhood in the newest polish literature. It claims that after the period of “anti-father” literature (a term coined by Przemysław Czapliński to describe novels by Izabela Filipiak, Wojciech Kuczok, Jacek Dehnel, Edward Pasewicz), the wave of “fathers who speak” has arrived. Existential experience of fatherhood in texts by Tomasz Jastrun and Jacek Podsiadło becomes the subject of description in lyrical and quasi-literary texts. The author tries to present specifity of both poets as well as their common experience of fatherhood as located out of patriarchal schemes. This common experience is constituted by: father’s experience of pregnancy, close bodily relationship with a child, sacralization of this relation outside the traditional religious points of reference, particularly strong anxiety of confrontation with outer world.
PL
Kategoria wrażliwości postludzkiej (nazwa zaczerpnięta z prac Rosi Braidotti) wydaje się pojęciem kluczowym dla zrozumienia charakteru współczesnej posthumanistyki. Nie oznacza ona zakwestionowania wartości człowieka samego w sobie, lecz skłania nas do ponownego przemyślenia jego podmiotowości w kontekście relacji z innymi bytami i w kontekście globalnych procesów ekonomicznych (w tym ekonomii wrażliwości i jej dyskursywnego charakteru). Wrażliwość powinna łączyć empatię z wiedzą i umiejętnością umiejscowienia się w relacjach z innymi bytami (ludźmi, zwierzętami, grupami społecznymi). Jest radykalnym gestem odwagi w czasach skrajnego indywidualizmu i nietolerancji.
EN
The category of post-human sensitivity (taken from the work of Rosi Braidotti) seems to be a key concept for understanding the nature of modern posthumanist. It doesn’t mean to challenge the man himself, but leads us to the need to rethink its subjectivity in the context of relations with other beings and in the context of global economic processes (including the context of economic sensitivity and its discursive character). Sensitivity should combine empathy with the knowledge and ability to be in a relationship with other entities (people, animals, social groups). It is a radical gesture of courage in times of extreme individualism and intolerance.
EN
At the dawn of the modern era, aristocratic women, whether at court or in the academy, shed a noble aura on the new classic theatre and were often the privileged recipients of dedicated plays and poetry essays. They were totally different from the theatre-going women that bought tickets in 16 th - and 17 th -century Europe. Women in the theatre, whether on the stage or in the audience, were a problem and a source of scandal for Catholic and Protestant authorities, who wanted to ban them from attendance. However, their presence kept growing and finally established itself in the 18 th century, when women became the main heralds of good taste and sentiment. This essay discusses the two aspects of this story.
IT
La spettatrice aristocratica di corte o di accademia, agli inizi dell’età moderna, nobilita con la sua presenza il nuovo teatro classicistico, ed è spesso destinataria privilegiata di omaggi drammaturgici e di saggi di poetica; essa è tuttavia molto diversa dalle spettatrici reali che cominciano a frequentare i teatri pubblici a pagamento nell’Europa del XVI e XVII secolo. Le donne a teatro, sulle scene e in platea, rappresentano per le autorità religiose cattoliche e protestanti un problema e uno scandalo da reprimere e censurare; la loro presenza tuttavia cresce e si afferma nel ‘700, quando cominciano a diventare le depositarie principali del buon gusto e del sentimento. Il saggio analizza le due facce di questa storia.
EN
The aim of the article is to present sensitivity in the context of Jean-Paul Sartre’s existential thought. Based on the definition of sensitivity as the ability to react to stimuli, the author discusses three chosen types of reaction: feeling, premonition and compassion, and puts them in the perspective of the respective themes from Sartre’s philosophy of existence: being, time and relationship. The paper discusses the place and role of the concept of sensitivity in existentialism, arguing that every human being thrown into this world is forced to react to stimuli due to his or her existential construction. The author also introduces the concept of existential sensitivity – a logical consequence of our life to which we are all condemned.
EN
Observing our life in the modern world of today’s technology, the author is wondering whether we are facing sensitization or desensitization of technology users. The problem is discussed in the context of technomorphization of humans on the one hand, and anthropomorphisation of machines on the other. In the analysis the sociological approach is confronted with other perspectives, particularly the cognitive and anthropological ones, which are inevitable in HMI (human-machine interaction) studies. The author concludes by trying to answer a number of questions: Are we truly experiencing technomorphization? Is it only bringing us harm, or does it also have something useful to offer? Can the technology support sensitivity? And finally, will the machines themselves not turn out to be pre-programmed for sensitivity in the future?
EN
On the chronic need for sensitivity in the contemporary world It is extremely rare that humanistic discourse reflects on the category of sensitivity, a topic in a way perceived as a taboo and thus excluded. If discussed at all, it is usually juxtaposed with a rational, matter-of-fact and emotionless view of reality. In other words, it tends to be oversimplified, consequently turning into a misleading dichotomy where something is either rational or affective, with a clear line of demarcation between the two. The age of enlightenment has brought a distinct devaluation of emotions, feelings, “animal instincts”, and finally, of magical thinking in favour of reason. The author of the article forms a thesis that sensitivity, while devaluated and depreciated, constitutes one of the most important keys to understanding the condition of postmodern human. She argues that life in a world drained out of emotions is indeed dysfunctional, both for individuals and consequently, for entire societies.
EN
This text is the presentation of Edward Stachura’s philosophy. It is not about literal philosophy, however, it concerns a system of values and views taken by the writer. The article is an attempt to read Stachura from a different side than as a poet, bard, and mediocre singer. It is a compilation of the writer’s various texts, but the leading one is a little-known work called Everything is poetry. The story-river (edited by H. Berezy, Z. Fedecki, K. Rutkowski, vol. 4, Warsaw 1984) Stachura transforms into almost a sage, into a philosopher who tries to create elementary definitions of the world, people, time and eternity. First of all, I analysed the conceptualisation of the phrase “everything is poetry” as well as attempting to explain what poetry is for the writer in general. The most important conclusion is that “everything is poetry and the least poetry is a poem; everyone is a poet and the least poet is a poet who writes poems”. Thus, he proves that he is not only an “extreme” creator, but one who seeks hope and gaps in describing and understanding the world. Ultimately, it is also a study of Stachura’s broadly understood optimism, underestimated in his work on a daily basis.
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