Search results

1

A Vicious Circle: How Canon Continues to Reinforce Sex Segregation in Literature in the 21st century

100%

Miernik M.

Acta Philologica

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2015

|

issue 47

85-96

PL

Artykuł omawia sposób, w jaki podział na literaturę męską i kobiecą jest podtrzymywany w kanonie literatury anglosaskiej w XXI w. Literatura kobieca jest nadal postrzegana jako gorsza i wtórna w stosunku do literatury pisanej przez mężczyzn i dla mężczyzn oraz powszechnie klasyfikowana jako literatura popularna. Artykuł podaje przykłady takiej redukcjonistycznej krytyki, dokonuje statystycznego przeglądu obecności kobiet na listach mających ustanawiać „najlepsze” powieści w historii bądź w XX wieku i analizuje częstotliwość kategoryzowania pisarzy w Wikipedii pod kątem płci.

EN

This article demonstrates how sex segregation is still present in the canon of Western literature in the 21st century. It draws on the historical roots of the belief that male literature is qualitatively better than female literature and analyzes the various ways in which this view is reproduced by the canon and canon formation itself. The argument is based on a statistical survey of several lists trying to present the “best novel” or “works of fiction” that were published around the turn of the millennium, both those prepared by readers as well as by critics and authors, and it takes note of the tendency of people from the literary establishment to neglect female authorship. A survey of how male and female authors are categorized on the Wikipedia is also included. The article then focuses on such problematic issues as dismissing works written by women as popular and the role the publishing industry plays in this practice.

2

Cyber Backlash and the Maintenance of Sex Segregation in Professional Sport

88%

Fogel C. A., Quinlan A.

Gender Studies

|

2015

|

vol. 14

|

issue 1

171-189

EN

In 2013, Mark Cuban, the team owner of Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA), announced that he would consider selecting female basketball player Brittney Griner to play for his professional men’s team. Within 24 hours after ESPN posted an online article reporting Mark Cuban’s statement, 921 online comments were posted in response. This study analyzes these comments to investigate the pervasive sexism and gender discrimination found in online sporting news arenas. It investigates how Brittney Griner’s sex, gender, and athletic ability became subjects of scrutiny and debate in these online comments and how discriminatory comments about Griner were routinely extended to all female athletes and to women even outside of sport. By examining the online backlash against Mark Cuban’s proposal, this paper investigates the maintenance of sex segregation in professional sport and the systemic devaluing of female athletes and privileging of male athletes that upholds it.

3

On Gender-Sensitive Language

76%

Kuna B., Nujić D.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

|

2015

|

issue 9

303-318

PL

This paper focuses on changes in Croatian language that either have happened or are possible to happen in order that male dominance in language and gender inequality are reduced. The research concentrates on the use of gender-sensitive language for job titles and occupations of female persons. The study demonstrates the lack of stability in the use of feminine forms, as it has not been integrated into the Croatian language practice yet.

4

Gender as a category entangled in the matrix of power and gender resistance potential

75%

Bielska E.

Journal of Gender and Power

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2015

|

vol. 3

|

issue 1

103-111

EN

The subject of presented analysis is gender treated as a social category entangled in power relations. There are presented main social matrices of the gender-based power practices and it’s institutional and extrainstitutional, structural and individual expressions and consequences. The attention is focused at the classical conceptions of power and the perspectives of using it’s elements in the analysis of gender-based discipline practices in modern and postmodern society. There are also indicated - connected with queer culture - resistance strategies realized by using gender symbols and stereotypically perceived roles.

5

Internalization of Negative Images: Self-Loathing as Portrayed in Toni Morrison’s "The Bluest Eye." Geraldine’s Case Study

75%

Czajkowska N.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2015

|

vol. 4

25-31

EN

The article presents the foundations, symptoms and consequences of self-hatred as experienced by Geraldine, the black female character portrayed in Toni Morrison’s first novel, The Bluest Eye. Primarily, based on the psychological concepts of Rosenberg, Higgins and Horney, it defines self-loathing as an extremely negative self-concept, a depreciation of one’s own physical attractiveness, intellect and abilities which is accompanied by anger towards oneself. The key characteristic of this process is expressed by a decreased level of self-esteem that is effectuated by an internalization of negative in- and out-group concepts based on racial prejudice and sexism, as well as on a sense of social rejection and intolerance. An additional reason behind the black woman’s conviction of her inferiority and unworthiness is her idealization of white culture, of its standards of beauty and lifestyle with which she is bombarded. In consequence, the black female character tends to overestimate the image of whiteness and to underestimate her blackness. Instead, by being an organic part of the culture that detests her, she learns to hate her dark skin, her poverty, otherness and funkiness. This acquired hatred generates a discrepancy between her actual self and the ideal or ought self, effectuating in a neurotic desire to eradicate all attributes of the actual, despised self. Therefore, Geraldine disparages, doubts and discredits the epitomes of her blackness and bitterly endeavors to eradicate it. To achieve this, she firstly obliterates her native and cultural identity, both in the physical and mental dimension, and secondly she invents a new identity which allows her to escape from her hopelessness and ugliness.

6

Learner perceptions of gender representation in EFL grammar books

75%

Lewandowski M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2015

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vol. 56

|

issue 2

61-72

EN

It seems that there are very few research themes in sociolinguistics that have been as thoroughly explored as gender representation in educational materials (notably in E FL textbooks). However, relatively little attention has been paid to how learners themselves perceive the images of men and women in teaching resources. T he present contribution has been written in an attempt to fill this gap. Drawing on the findings of two small-scale survey studies conducted among Polish university students, it addresses two major issues. T he first one concerns the extent to which the choice of male or female-gendered sentence subjects in E FL grammar course books matches the learners’ associations and expectations. The other one, focusing specifically on attitudes to gender representation, seeks to demonstrate how the students view the ways male and female characters are portrayed in constructed examples of usage and practice sentences from English grammar textbooks. Both studies provide some indications of how E FL learners’ needs and expectations can be better addressed in teaching materials

7

En torno a un uso no discriminatorio del género gramatical en español

63%

Balmaseda Maestu E.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2019

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vol. 67

|

issue 5: Neofilologia

55-77

ES

El género, se tome este en la acepción tercera o en la octava del Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE), constituye probablemente la cuestión más candente de la sociolingüística y gramática normativa del español actual. Hoy por hoy, planteos tradicionales y propuestas en tentativa sobre su concepción y tratamiento parecen ofrecer perspectivas incompatibles. El tema revela en su vertiente gramatical (enredada con diversas facetas psicológicas, sociológicas, ideológicas y políticas de las relaciones entre mujeres y hombres) un interés social y un grado de controversia especialmente alto para tratarse de un tema lingüístico, tanto entre autoridades de la disciplina como en medios populares. Dentro de este marco, el presente trabajo presenta una serie de reflexiones, pautas y ejemplos que, además de centrar el tema, puedan servir de orientación para evitar un tratamiento, no solo sexista, sino también androcéntrico del español.

EN

Whether understood in its third or in its eighth entry in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE), gender has probably become the hottest issue of sociolinguistics and normative grammar in contemporary Spanish. Nowadays, traditional approaches and attempted propositions about its conception and treatment seem to offer incompatible points of view. From a grammar perspective (mixed up with different psychological, sociological, ideological and politic topics about the relations between men and women), this subject reveals a social interest and a degree of controversy particularly high for a linguistic issue, not only amongst authorities in the matter but also in popular media. Within this framework, the present work offers a series of considerations, guidelines and examples that, as well as situating the subject, could be used as a guidance in order to avoid not only a sexist but also an androcentric use of Spanish.

PL

Niezależnie od tego, czy rozumiany według trzeciego czy ósmego znaczenia w Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DLE), rodzaj stał się prawdopodobnie najgorętszym zagadnieniem socjolingwistyki i gramatyki normatywnej we współczesnym języku hiszpańskim. W dzisiejszych czasach tradycyjne podejścia i propozycje dotyczące jego koncepcji i traktowania wydają się oferować rozbieżne punkty widzenia. Z perspektywy gramatycznej (pomieszanej z różnymi zagadnieniami psychologicznymi, socjologicznymi, ideologicznymi i politycznymi dotyczącymi relacji między mężczyzną i kobietą) temat ten ujawnia interes społeczny i pewien stopień kontrowersji zwłaszcza w kwestiach językowych, nie tylko w środowisku autorytetów w tej dziedzinie, ale także w popularnych mediach. W tym kontekście niniejszy artykuł oferuje szereg rozważań, wytycznych i przykładów, które oprócz propozycji umiejscowienia tematu mogą być wykorzystane jako wskazówki, jak uniknąć nie tylko seksistowskiego, ale i androcentrycznego użycia języka hiszpańskiego.

8

„Modlitwa dziewicy”. Kicz i seksizm dziewiętnastowiecznej muzyki salonowej

63%

Golianek R. D.

Muzyka

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2022

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vol. 67

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issue 4

3-22

EN

First published in 1856, the piano miniature ‘La priere d’une vierge’ [The virgin’s prayer] by the Polish pianist Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska (1829–61) was an unprecedented commercial success (with more than a million copies sold by 1860) and made Bądarzewska an international household name. This should be interpreted purely as a peculiar social phenomenon rather than an artistic achievement, since Bądarzewska’s composition was an ideal reflection of nineteenth century notions of the woman and womanhood, adhering to the cultural canon of that period. The context of salon music should be considered as an obvious and appropriate point of reference for the views and opinions discussed here, since the work in question became an iconic example of output from the nineteenth-century salon. For the same reason, the conclusions presented here may help us to understand the status of the entire salon repertoire, the huge quantity of which is one of the more notable phenomena of the age. The two perspectives on The Virgin’s Prayer presented in this article – interpreting this work as a manifestation of kitsch and of sexism – exemplify the application of modern methodology (the tools of new musicology) to an historical work. Both perspectives represent a modern adaptive interpretation. The aesthetic status of Bądarzewska’s work as a manifestation of kitsch is defined using Abraham Moles’s theoretical concept. Moles lists five principles of kitsch that can easily be recognised in this composition and in its perception. Those principles are submitted here to an aesthetic interpretation. The reading of ‘The Virgin’s Prayer’ as a manifestation of sexism, in turn, results from the social context of the work, which was composed by a woman artist and linked (in its title and musical style) to the topos of representations of femininity in music, strongly dominated by stereotypes related to the social status of the female sex. Bądarzewska, it turns out, produced a work that fitted into the mainstream of sexist views on women and their activity. ‘The Virgin’s Prayer’ became a flagship example of a work, the stylistic and expressive qualities of which corresponded perfectly to the perception of women’s art as derivative, non-autonomous and banal.

PL

Opublikowana po raz pierwszy w 1856 r. przez Teklę Bądarzewską-Baranowską (1829–61) miniatura fortepianowa Modlitwa dziewicy odniosła niebywały sukces komercyjny (już w 1860 roku szacowano liczbę sprzedanych egzemplarzy na ponad milion) i rozsławiła nazwisko polskiej pianistki na świecie. Jednak przypadek ten należy traktować wyłącznie jako szczególny fenomen społeczny, a nie jako osiągnięcie artystyczne. Kompozycja Bądarzewskiej stanowiła bowiem idealne odwzorowanie dziewiętnastowiecznych wyobrażeń o kobiecie i kobiecości, wpisując się w kanony ówczesnej kultury. Przywołanie kontekstu muzyki salonowej tego czasu trzeba uznać za oczywisty i adekwatny punkt odniesienia dla prezentowanych ocen i poglądów, jako że omawiany utwór stał się wręcz ikonicznym przykładem twórczości z kręgu kultury dziewiętnastowiecznego salonu. Z tego też względu zaprezentowane wnioski mogą być przydatne dla rozumienia sytuacji całego repertuaru muzyki salonowej, którego ogrom ilościowy stanowi jeden z fenomenów tej epoki. Przedstawione w artykule dwa spojrzenia interpretacyjne na Modlitwę dziewicy – rozpatrywanie tego dzieła jako przejawów kiczu i seksizmu – stanowią przykład zastosowania współczesnej metodologii (z kręgu nowej muzykologii) do dzieła z przeszłości. Oba zaproponowane ujęcia są swoistą interpretacją adaptacyjną przeprowadzoną ze współczesnej perspektywy. Dla określenia pozycji estetycznej utworu Bądarzewskiej jako dzieła będącego przejawem kiczu została wykorzystana teoretyczna koncepcja Abrahama Moles’a. Autor ten wyróżnił pięć zasad kiczu, których przejawy można bez trudu odnaleźć w omawianym utworze lub jego odbiorze i które zostają w artykule poddane interpretacji estetycznej. Z kolei doszukiwanie się w Modlitwie dziewicy przejawów seksizmu wynika z sytuacji społecznej utworu: omawiana kompozycja jest dziełem twórczyni-kobiety, dodatkowo zaś określona tytułem i stylem muzycznym problematyka wiązała się z toposem przedstawień kobiecości w muzyce, silnie zdominowanym stereotypami odnoszącymi się do społecznej pozycji płci. Jak się okazuje, swoją sztuką Bądarzewska artystka wpisała się w mainstream seksistowskiego postrzegania kobiet i ich aktywności, a Modlitwa dziewicy stała się wzorcowym przykładem utworu, którego cechy stylistyczno-ekspresyjne doskonale odpowiadały wyobrażeniom o wtórnej, niesamodzielnej i banalnej sztuce kobiecej.

9

Reprezentacje gender w polskiej sferze publicznej – próba uchwycenia dynamiki dyskursu

63%

Grochalska M.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2020

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

339-367

EN

Before 2013, the term ‘gender’ as used to define male and female social roles had appeared relatively rarely in the public sphere. However, it had not been completely unknown. Whenever this term did occur in utterances of public figures, it was mostly in reference to equality policies (gender policy) and the idea of gender mainstreaming in EU projects. It was commonly associated with feminism and has in this form entered the social consciousness, including the minds of major public figures, especially those with highest state positions. The situation changed radically in 2013. The term ‘gender’ started to be connected with ‘gender ideology’, a term coined by people associated with the Catholic Church. This article presents the ways in which the issues related to the broadly meant gender are presented on the right and left sides of the political scene. This analysis is based on selected interviews and other utterances of famous politicians as well as the articles in popular weekly magazines published in 2011–2015. This paper covers both kinds of utterances – those in line with the rules of political correctness and the examples of hate speech. All examples are provided to highlight the mechanisms of discrimination hidden in the language of politics.

10

Gender representations in the Polish public space – an attempt to capture the dynamics of the discourse

63%

Grochalska M.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2020

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

369-397

EN

Before 2013, the term ‘gender’ as used to define male and female social roles had appeared relatively rarely in the public sphere. However, it had not been completely unknown. Whenever this term did occur in utterances of public figures, it was mostly in reference to equality policies (gender policy) and the idea of gender mainstreaming in EU projects. It was commonly associated with feminism and has in this form entered the social consciousness, including the minds of major public figures, especially those with highest state positions. The situation changed radically in 2013. The term ‘gender’ started to be connected with ‘gender ideology’, a term coined by people associated with the Catholic Church. This article presents the ways in which the issues related to the broadly meant gender are presented on the right and left sides of the political scene. This analysis is based on selected interviews and other utterances of famous politicians as well as the articles in popular weekly magazines published in 2011–2015. This paper covers both kinds of utterances – those in line with the rules of political correctness and the examples of hate speech. All examples are provided to highlight the mechanisms of discrimination hidden in the language of politics.

11

Can’t Hear or Won’t Hear: Gender, Sexualities and Reporting Male Rape

63%

Javaid A.

InterAlia: Pismo poświęcone studiom queer

|

2018

|

issue 13

31-53

EN

Drawing on heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity, this paper seeks to unravel the issue of the underreporting of male rape to the police and to the third sector. Critically examining the issue of male sexual victimisation will provide a fuller understanding of it within the police and third sector context. Underpinned by gender theories and concepts and the framework of heteronormativity, I argue that male victims of rape are reticent to engage with the police and voluntary agency practitioners because of hostile, sexist and homophobic reactions, attitudes, and appraisal, particularly from other men in these agencies within England to police masculinities and sexualities. I draw on primary data of police officers and voluntary agency practitioners (n = 70) to illustrate the ways wherein gender and sexualities norms and beliefs affect and shape their understanding and view of men as victims of rape. The data suggests that, when male rape victims report their rape, they are susceptible to a ‘fag discourse’, whereby the police and voluntary agency practitioners are likely to perpetuate language to suggest that the victims are not ‘real’ men, intensifying their reluctance to report and to engage with the criminal justice system. Thus, the police and voluntary agency practitioners’, particularly male workers, masculinities are strengthened through emasculating male rape victims.

12

Trójmiejskie środowisko jazzowe – perspektywa genderowa

51%

Kwiatkowska W. M.

Lud

|

2021

|

vol. 105

175-202

EN

The jazz environment is dominated by men, which leads to many different consequences for women who want to participate in it. In this article, I depict the situation of female jazz instrumentalists who face sexism in every area of their activity and discrimination in the labour market. I also describe the essences of masculinity (mainly jazzmen) and femininity (mostly female vocalists) as two possible behaviour patterns in the group. In addition, I try to extract several different strategies which women use to survive in this masculinized environment. The article is based on the ethnographic research conducted in Trójmiasto in 2017-2019 among male and female jazz instrumentalists.

PL

Środowisko jazzowe jest zdominowane przez mężczyzn, co pociąga za sobą różne konsekwencje dla chcących uczestniczyć w nim kobiet. W artykule przedstawiam sytuację instrumentalistek jazzowych, które spotykają się z przejawami seksizmu we wszystkich obszarach swojej działalności oraz z dyskryminacją na rynku pracy. Opisuję również esencje męskości (głównie jazzmani) i kobiecości (przede wszystkim wokalistki) jako dwa dostępne wzorce zachowania w tej grupie. Dodatkowo, staram się wyodrębnić różne strategie przetrwania, po które sięgają kobiety w tym zmaskulinizowanym środowisku. Artykuł oparty jest na badaniach etnograficznych przeprowadzonych w Trójmieście w latach 2017-2019 wśród instrumentalistów oraz instrumentalistek jazzowych.

13

Quelques facteurs de variation des interdits langagiers

51%

Sablayrolles J.-F.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

|

2017

|

issue 12

9-18

EN

While most gynolects and pedolects have now practically disappeared from the French language and the use of offensive language (insults and verbal abuse) has become increasingly common, new types of taboos have emerged. On the one hand, religious fundamentalists still rise against what they perceive as blasphemy – but they remain a minority. On the other hand, the general public has grown much more sensitive to macho, racist, anti-Semitic and revisionist statements. These provoke indignant reactions and lead to lawsuits and convictions.

FR

La (quasi)disparition des gynolectes et pédolectes et le développement des incivilités (insultes et propos violents) n’empêchent pas l’apparition de nouveaux domaines tabous en français. Les fondamentalistes religieux s’insurgent encore contre ce qu’ils considèrent être des blasphèmes mais il sont minoritaires. En revanche les propos machistes, racistes, antisémites, négationnistes provoquent des réactions indignées de la part de la population, beaucoup plus sensible à ces sujets, et font l’objet de poursuites devant les tribunaux et de condamnations.

14

Černá tvářičko, budeš Římanka!? Fašistický kolonialismus mezi sexismem a rasismem

51%

Flemrová A.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2018

|

vol. 57

122-133

EN

The article focuses on the topic of collective perception and the literary representation of the relationship between the white man and the native woman in fascist Italy. The sexist undertone of propaganda songs from the time of the Second Italian-Ethiopian War soon was in contradiction with the rising racist views in Italian society that led to the compulsory segregation of white and indigenous people in the colonies. The stereotypical image of an indigenous woman as a domestic animal or beast appears in both trashy and high literature. The masculine figure has an interesting development: a new fascist man, the conqueror is finally replaced by the passive inetto, a type that has been enforced in theItalian literature during modernism.

Refine search results

A Vicious Circle: How Canon Continues to Reinforce Sex Segregation in Literature in the 21st century

Cyber Backlash and the Maintenance of Sex Segregation in Professional Sport

On Gender-Sensitive Language

Gender as a category entangled in the matrix of power and gender resistance potential

Internalization of Negative Images: Self-Loathing as Portrayed in Toni Morrison’s "The Bluest Eye." Geraldine’s Case Study

Learner perceptions of gender representation in EFL grammar books

En torno a un uso no discriminatorio del género gramatical en español

„Modlitwa dziewicy”. Kicz i seksizm dziewiętnastowiecznej muzyki salonowej

Reprezentacje gender w polskiej sferze publicznej – próba uchwycenia dynamiki dyskursu

Gender representations in the Polish public space – an attempt to capture the dynamics of the discourse

Can’t Hear or Won’t Hear: Gender, Sexualities and Reporting Male Rape

Trójmiejskie środowisko jazzowe – perspektywa genderowa

Quelques facteurs de variation des interdits langagiers

Černá tvářičko, budeš Římanka!? Fašistický kolonialismus mezi sexismem a rasismem