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1

Sickness presence, sick leave and adjustment latitude

100%

Gerich J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 5

736-746

EN

Objectives: Previous research on the association between adjustment latitude (defined as the opportunity to adjust work efforts in case of illness) and sickness absence and sickness presence has produced inconsistent results. In particular, low adjustment latitude has been identified as both a risk factor and a deterrent of sick leave. The present study uses an alternative analytical strategy with the aim of joining these results together. Material and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a random sample of employees covered by the Upper Austrian Sickness Fund (N = 930) was analyzed. Logistic and ordinary least square (OLS) regression models were used to examine the association between adjustment latitude and days of sickness absence, sickness presence, and an estimator for the individual sickness absence and sickness presence propensity. Results: A high level of adjustment latitude was found to be associated with a reduced number of days of sickness absence and sickness presence, but an elevated propensity for sickness absence. Conclusions: Employees with high adjustment latitude experience fewer days of health complaints associated with lower rates of sick leave and sickness presence compared to those with low adjustment latitude. In case of illness, however, high adjustment latitude is associated with a higher probability of taking sick leave rather than sickness presence.

2

Economic costs due to workers’ sick leave at wastewater treatment plants in Bulgaria

86%

Toseva E. I., Stoyanova R., Turnovska T.

Medycyna Pracy

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2018

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vol. 69

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issue 2

129-141

EN

Background The compensatory mechanisms of social security include expenses for sick leave. The aim of the study is to determine the economic cost due to sick leave among workers in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), comparing with the same economic indicators of the National Social Security Institute (NSSI) in Bulgaria. Material and Methods The sick leave of 111 workers at 3 WWTPs was studied in the period 2012–2014 on the grounds of registered absences from work due to temporary incapacity for work. The economic indicators of the NSSI, the gross salary at WWTPs, payable social security contributions and compensatory payments for sick leave have been used for economic cost calculation for temporary incapacity of the workers. Results The frequency of cases and the frequency of lost days due to temporary incapacity were increased in the observed period at WWTPs and in Bulgaria, and it is significantly higher for the employed at WWTPs. The percentage share of workers equivalent to 1.66% at WWTPs have not worked for an entire year as a result of temporary incapacity in 2012, 2.76% – in 2013, and 4.61% – in 2014. The economic burden due to sick leave at WWTPs was raised from EUR 4913.02 in 2012 to EUR 16 895.80 for 2014 for employers and the NSSI. Conclusions The frequency of cases and the frequency of lost days due to temporary incapacity were increased in the observed period at WWTPs and in Bulgaria, and it is significantly higher for the employed at WWTPs. The economic burden was equally distributed between employers and the NSSI. Med Pr 2018;69(2):129–141

3

Sickness absence in workplaces: Does it reflect a healthy hire effect?

86%

Nordström K., Hemmingsson T., Ekberg K., Johansson G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 2

315-330

EN

Objectives Sickness absence in workplaces may reflect working conditions. It may also reflect a “healthy hire effect,” i.e., that workplaces recruit individuals with experience of sickness absence differently. The purpose of the study was to determine if a history of sickness absence among recruits is associated with the average level of sickness absence in workplaces. Material and Methods In a register-based follow-up study, Swedish workplaces with at least 5 employees in 2006 were selected (approximately 127 000 workplaces with 3.9 million employees). The workplaces were categorized according to the average workplace sickness absence in 2006 and the recruits were categorized according to the individual sickness absence in 2005. The workplaces with a high average level of sickness absence were more likely than those with a low level to hire employees with high sickness absence in the year preceding employment: men – odds ratio (OR) = 7.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6–7.8, women – OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 6.9–8.1. Results The results show that there is a greater likelihood of employing individuals with high levels of sickness absence in the workplaces with many days of the average sickness absence than in the workplaces with few days of the average sickness absence. Conclusions The results suggest that sickness absence in workplaces may reflect a healthy hire effect.

4

Predictors of short- and long-term sickness absence in female post office workers in Poland

86%

Szubert Z., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Merecz D., Sobala W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 4

539-562

EN

Background The aim of this study was to highlight major predictors of the frequency of sickness absence in a group of workers directly involved in customer service. Material and Methods The study was carried out on a random sample of 229 women employed as assistants and clerks in post offices. The survey was based on the Subjective Work, Health Status and Life Style Characteristics Questionnaire, and sickness absence data for the years 2004–2006. Results The negative binominal regression model of sickness absence risk revealed the following significant predictors of short-term absence spells (1–29 days): 1) marital status, sickness absence risk for single women was (rate ratio (RR)) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.39) vs. married women; 2) post offices employing 7 workers had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.04–2.42); 13–25 workers – RR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.41–2.93); > 25 workers – RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.15–2.88) compared with an average number of 8–12 workers; 3) shift work, RR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14–2.14); 4) breaks from work – the risk of absence in the case of any breaks amounted to RR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07–2.07) in comparison with the statutory breaks; 5) self-rated health reported as moderate relative to good health, RR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.26–2.32); and 6) occurrence of respiratory diseases resulted in the risk of RR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08–2.08). The Poisson regression model of long-term sickness absence spells (≥ 30 days) revealed the following significant predictors: 1) number of clients per shift: 51–100 clients, RR = 3.62 (95% CI: 1.07–22.6) compared with a lower number of clients; 2) self-rated health, assessed as moderate, RR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.06–3.78) and 3) household chores performed for at least 4 h a day, RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.18–0.79). Conclusions Association between sickness absence and workload as well as work organization indicates directions of corrective actions, which could reduce the scale of the problem.

5

Effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment and their associations with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave – A case-control study of the Swedish working population

86%

Lidwall U.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 6

973-989

EN

Objectives To investigate if effort–reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment (OC) are associated with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave (LS), and to identify differences in associations between genders, private versus public sector employees and socioeconomic status groups. Material and Methods The study uses a cross-sectional case-control design with a sample of 3477 persons on long-term sick leave of more than 59 days and a control group of 2078 in employment. Data on sick leave originate from social insurance registers, while data on health, working and living conditions were gathered through a survey. The binary logistic regression was used to test the multivariate associations. Results Effort–reward imbalance was associated with all-cause LS among the women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.2–2.08), but not among the men. Associations for mental disorder LS were evident for both ERI and OC among both genders (ERI/OC: women OR = 2.76/2.82; men OR = 2.18/2.92). For the men these associations were driven by high effort, while for the women it was low job esteem in public sector and low job security in private sector. Among the highly educated women, ERI was strongly related to mental disorder LS (OR = 6.94, 95% CI: 3.2–15.04), while the highly educated men seemed to be strongly affected by OC for the same outcome (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.48–22.57). Conclusions The study confirmed the independent roles of ERI and OC for LS, with stronger associations among the women and for mental disorders. The ERI model is a promising tool that can contribute to understanding the prevailing gender gap in sick leave and increasing sick leave due to mental disorders. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):973–989

6

Wiek a absencja chorobowa pracowników

86%

Jurek Ł.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2021

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vol. 83

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issue 4

225-238

EN

The main goal of the article is to compare the sickness-related absence among workers from different age groups. An additional goal is to verify whether there is the same pattern of sickness absenteeism in Poland as observed in several other countries, namely that younger and older workers tend to exhibit different patterns of absenteeism, in terms of frequency and duration. In order to measure absence due to sickness, three sorts of indicators were used: (i) the average frequency of absence in a year, (ii) the average duration of absence in a year, and (iii) the average duration of a single period of sick leave. These indicators were calculated for five-year age groups, with an additional division by gender. The calculations were based on data from the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) for the period 2012–2019. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that workers are characterized by different absenteeism behaviour. The key is not, however, the general (average) level of absence, but the detailed configuration of this absence in terms of particular parameters. The most important finding is that the pattern of absence due to sickness was confirmed with regard to the youngest and oldest workers: the frequency of absence is the highest among the youngest workers and the lowest among the oldest, while the duration of absence is the longest among oldest workers and the shortest among the youngest.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest porównanie, jak absencja chorobowa kształtuje się wśród pracowników z różnych grup wieku. Dodatkowym celem jest zweryfikowanie, czy w Polsce występuje taki sam wzór absencji chorobowej, jaki zaobserwowano w kilku innych krajach, polegający na odmiennym schemacie zachowań absencyjnych wśród młodszych i starszych pracowników. Do pomiaru absencji wykorzystane zostały trzy wskaźniki: (1) średnia częstość absencji w trakcie roku, (2) średnia długość absencji w trakcie roku, (3) średnia długość pojedynczego zwolnienia. Te wskaźniki skalkulowano dla pięcioletnich grup wieku, z uwzględnieniem dodatkowego podziału ze względu na płeć. Do obliczeń wykorzystano dane Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych na temat absencji chorobowej z tytułu choroby własnej za lata 2012–2019. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że pracownicy, w zależności od wieku, cechują się odmiennymi zachowaniami absencyjnymi. Chodzi tutaj jednak nie tyle o ogólny poziom absencji, ile o szczegółową jej konfigurację w zakresie poszczególnych parametrów. Przede wszystkim udało się potwierdzić wzór absencji chorobowej w odniesieniu do najmłodszych i najstarszych pracowników: najmłodsi pracownicy najczęściej korzystają ze zwolnień i są one najkrótsze, podczas gdy najstarsi pracownicy najrzadziej korzystają ze zwolnień i są one najdłuższe.

7

Rehabilitation of sick-listed LBP patients in occupational health with collaboration of the workplace

86%

Kokkonen V., Lamminpää A., Reijula K., Russo F., Iavicoli S., Denaro V., Kuoppala J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2024

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vol. 37

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issue 1

3-17

EN

The aim was to evaluate if rehabilitation procedures including occupational health (OH) and workplace participation increase return to work (RTW) rates among patients with subacute and chronic low back pain (LBP). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Main outcomes were RTW and days of sick leave. Interventions needed to be multidisciplinary including both OH and active workplace involvement in rehabilitation. Out of 1073 potentially eligible references, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Three studies had OH and 5 case managers involved in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation involving both OH and workplace improved RTW and decreased the number of sick leave days among LBP patients. Having case managers involved had no effect in RTW. In order to improve RTW, workplace visits and work ability meetings (WAMs) between OH and workplace are essential components in the rehabilitation process among patients with chronic LBP. Based on the study results, the authors suggest utilizing these co-operative interventions with workplaces in OH. High quality research investigating only the effect of WAMs in OH setting is needed in future.

8

Świadczenie pracy w okresie zwolnienia lekarskiego a obowiązek lojalności wobec pracodawcy

72%

Zajchowska M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius)

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2018

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vol. 65

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issue 2

EN

The purpose of this article is to discuss the issue of provision work during the period of sick leave in the context the principle of employee loyalty. On the basis of the doctrine and case law, the author characterized the principle of loyalty to the employee and the fundamental duties of the employee. The author indicates the work during the sick leave as a serious violation of the employee’s fundamental duties. The article discusses the effects of the employee’s use the sick leave contrary to its intended purpose, resulting from the Labour Code and the Act of benefits from social insurance in case of illness and maternity. The author also mentions examples of performing work during a sick leave, which are not constituted as a violation of basic principles to the employer. In conclusions, the author indicates that the principle of employee loyalty towards the employer is the basis of relations between the parties to the employment relation.

PL

Celem opracowania jest omówienie kwestii świadczenia pracy w okresie zwolnienia lekarskiego w kontekście obowiązku lojalności pracownika wobec pracodawcy. Na podstawie doktryny i orzecznictwa sądowego autorka: charakteryzuje zasadę lojalności pracownika względem pracodawcy w kontekście podstawowych obowiązków pracownika względem pracodawcy; wskazuje na świadczenie pracy w okresie zwolnienia lekarskiego jako ciężkie naruszenie podstawowych obowiązków pracownika względem pracodawcy; omawia skutki wykorzystywania przez pracownika zwolnienia lekarskiego niezgodnie z jego przeznaczeniem, wynikające zarówno z przepisów Kodeksu pracy, jak i ustawy o świadczeniach pieniężnych z ubezpieczenia społecznego w razie choroby i macierzyństwa. Autorka wymienia także przykłady wykonywania przez pracownika pracy w trakcie zwolnienia lekarskiego, które nie stanowią naruszenia podstawowych obowiązków wobec pracodawcy. W konkluzjach wskazano, że zasada lojalności pracownika względem pracodawcy stanowi podstawę relacji między stronami stosunku pracy.

9

Absencje chorobowe i premie a zasada równego wynagradzania kobiet i mężczyzn

72%

Torbus U.

Studia Iuridica

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2018

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vol. 78

455-473

PL

Labour law provisions provide employers with a far reaching autonomy in constructing pay systems, including additional remuneration components, such as bonuses and rewards. In consequence, it is possible to not to grant the bonuses or to lower their amount in case of employee’s absence at work due to an illness. Such mechanisms aim to facilitate the management of sick leaves that often generate additional costs for employers. However, additional bonuses should not be reduced or not granted if the employee is absent from work due to an illness occuring during her pregnancy or during the care allowance to take care of a child or other sick family member. This would lead to a pay discrimination of women and to lowering the level of protection of pregnant women provided by Polish labour law.

Refine search results

Sickness presence, sick leave and adjustment latitude

Economic costs due to workers’ sick leave at wastewater treatment plants in Bulgaria

Sickness absence in workplaces: Does it reflect a healthy hire effect?

Predictors of short- and long-term sickness absence in female post office workers in Poland

Effort–reward imbalance, overcommitment and their associations with all-cause and mental disorder long-term sick leave – A case-control study of the Swedish working population

Wiek a absencja chorobowa pracowników

Rehabilitation of sick-listed LBP patients in occupational health with collaboration of the workplace

Świadczenie pracy w okresie zwolnienia lekarskiego a obowiązek lojalności wobec pracodawcy

Absencje chorobowe i premie a zasada równego wynagradzania kobiet i mężczyzn