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EN
There are many Polish films from the pre-war period that are not known to the public today. Most oft en they simply did not make it to modern times or only fragments are preserved, their condition too poor to allow utilization. One of such films is Halka, directed by Konstanty Meglicki in 1929, which due to digital restoration has returned to the screen in November 2016, after decades-long break. In recent years, however, it’s been discovered that even some seemingly well-known films should in fact be considered unknown. Due to the research conducted at the National Film Archives, new facts came to light, revealing lost film fragments or alternative versions. One such example is a film from 1939 called Sportowiec mimo woli, until now only known for its post-war American adaptation, turns out to be very different from the unknown original version. Polish pre-war cinema, which was often treated with some disdain, is now perceived in a very different light. And recent discoveries allow us to re-examine the achievements of the early period of Polish cinematography.
PL
‘Known’ and unknown pre-war Polish film productions: Konstanty Meglicki’s Halka and Mieczysław Krawicz’s Sportowiec mimo woli There are many Polish films from the pre-war period that are not known to the public today. Most oft en they simply did not make it to modern times or only fragments are preserved, their condition too poor to allow utilization. One of such films is Halka, directed by Konstanty Meglicki in 1929, which due to digital restoration has returned to the screen in November 2016, after decades-long break. In recent years, however, it’s been discovered that even some seemingly well-known films should in fact be considered unknown. Due to the research conducted at the National Film Archives, new facts came to light, revealing lost film fragments or alternative versions. One such example is a film from 1939 called Sportowiec mimo woli, until now only known for its post-war American adaptation, turns out to be very different from the unknown original version. Polish pre-war cinema, which was often treated with some disdain, is now perceived in a very different light. And recent discoveries allow us to re-examine the achievements of the early period of Polish cinematography.
EN
Polish film life in the Eastern Borderlands of the former Republic of Poland is replete with numerous white spots. During World War One, however, activity was quite intense, as evidenced by book-length studies on Vilnius, Lviv and even Kiev. Minsk, the future capital of Belarus, also had its own film-related Polish culture. The article focuses on the functioning of Minsk cinemas and their repertoire, as well as the Polish accents associated with them, which repeatedly had a mobilizing and identitarian character around which the national community of this provincial city was organized. Minsk’s border status means its cinematographic ancestry can be claimed by various national cinematographies, including Russian and Belarusian, but the source query and resulting findings clearly indicate that in the years of the Great War, this center was most strongly associated with Polish culture
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Moja podróż na Księżyc

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EN
The article deals with the complicated fates of my radio drama Podróż na Księżyc [Journey to the Moon]. In it, I write about the inspiration I drew from the work on an article about the subject of death in early silent cinema. Researching the beginnings of world cinema, I could not have ignored the figure of Georges Meliès, the great Cinema Magician. I decided to devote a theatre play to him, in which I confronted his idealistic attitude, which led him to ruin, with that of the rational attitude of the father of cinema, Louis Lumière. I wrote the piece about the immortality that art. confers with the Teatr Atelier in Sopot in mind. The theatre, though, ceased operating and no other theatre was interested in the text. After several years, a coincidence led to me being invited to participate in an invited competition organised by ZAiKS and the radio station Dwójka. The drama Podróż na Księżyc took second place and was magnificently directed by Anna Wieczur-Bluszcz. The roles of these pioneers of cinema were filled by Jan Englert and Jerzy Radziwiłowicz. In 2015 a jury led by Elżbieta Pleszkun-Olejniczakowa awarded the drama the Grand Prix at the “Dwa Teatry” [Two Theatres] Festival in Sopot.
EN
From the perspective of the deaf, the silent movie era was the golden age of cinema. The emergence of a sound film cut the deaf audiences away from cinematic entertainment, but they made attempts to regain it despite new circumstances. One way to share sound films was with title cards “like in a silent movie”, which were used by an American deaf former actor, Emerson Romero, whose Hollywood career was interrupted by film soundtracking. Based on the concept of media/technology ecology and the example of title cards prepared by Romero, I put forward the thesis that in the new technological environment, outdated solutions generate new cultural and social practices, gain new users, meanings, and values. This happens regardless of their actual effectiveness, as exemplified by Romero’s cards. Even though the films made available with their help were not very popular with deaf audiences, in retrospect, they have been considered the seeds of the deaf audiences’ victory in the fight for full participation in audiovisual culture.
PL
Książka Dawida Głowni Początki kina w Japonii na tle przemian społeczno-politycznych kraju (2020) przedstawia szczegółowo narodziny kinematografii japońskiej – od sprowadzenia aparatury filmowej w 1897 r. i założenia pierwszych wielkich przedsiębiorstw, takich jak Nikkatsu, po początki cenzury filmowej, ustanowionej w wyniku „skandalu Zigomarowskiego” z 1912 r. Autor ukazuje kontekst społeczny, polityczny i kulturalny powstania kina w Japonii, odnosząc się m.in. do świata ulicznych rozrywek (misemono), do których początkowo zaliczano kinematograf, a także wojny rosyjsko-japońskiej, wydarzenia stymulującego rozwój branży filmowej. Szczegółowo omówiono także genezę benshi – narratorów komentujących pokazy wczesnych filmów. Procesy opisane przez Dawida Głownię zostały zestawione z narodzinami kina na ziemiach polskich na przełomie XIX i XX w.
EN
Dawid Głownia’s book Początki kina w Japonii na tle przemian społeczno-politycznych kraju [The Beginnings of Cinema in Japan in the Context of the Country’s SocioPolitical Transformations] (2020) offers a detailed and comprehensive presentation of the birth of Japanese cinematography, from the importation of the film apparatus in 1897 and the establishment of the first major film companies such as Nikkatsu to the establishment of film censorship as a result of the “Zigomar scandal” of 1912. The author also presents manifold social, political and cultural contexts of the emergence of cinema in Japan, such as the world of street performances (misemono), which initially included the cinema, or the Russo-Japanese War, which stimulated the birth of the film industry. The origin of benshi, whose narration accompanied silent film screenings, is also discussed in detail. In the review, the processes described by Dawid Głownia are juxtaposed with the birth of cinema on Polish lands at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. 24
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