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Kutilství mezi státním socialismem a globálním kapitalismem. Nové perspektivy zkoumání svépomoci a prozumu

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Gibas P., Šima K.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 1
9-20
EN
The article introduces a monothematic issue of Studia Ethnologica Pragensia by positing “kutilství” (a local variant of DIY) as a historically situated phenomenon and shows that despite a generally shared image of a late socialist, typically masculine handyman practice, “kutilství” has much deeper historical and cultural roots. The emergence of self-led manual activities as a response to the modernisation of society points to societal tensions that underpin “kutilství” (and DIY more broadly) since the beginning of the 20th century. The disciplination of independent production and consumption, which can be subsumed under the term “prosumption”, has played an important role in relation to the formation of both State and Market, especially the segment targeting DIYers. The authors elucidate how pondering “kutilství” and DIY in general can become a starting point for scholars to understand and challenge modernist dichotomies that are transcended in the practice of “kutilství” / DIY — dichotomies of work and leisure, market and non-market production as well as production and consumption, professionalization and amateurism, but also masculinity and femininity. The authors argue that situatedness of and hybridization enabled by “kutilství” should represent key axes of research of both “kutilství” and DIY and the theorization(s) derived from it.
2
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Hermeneutics, Retranslation and Paratext: a Case Study of Seamus Heaney’s Preface to His Retranslation of „Beowulf”

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Saki M.
Research in Language
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2021
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vol. 19
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issue 4
353-367
EN
This paper sets to analyse the hermeneutical process of highlighting at work in the preface written by the North Irish poet Seamus Heaney to his retranslations of Beowulf (1999). My analysis takes into account the generic identity of the preface by considering it as a textual subgenre where the translator becomes a metatranslator to voice herself out of invisibility, engages in a (self-reflexive) hermeneutical analysis and “justification” by commenting on the choice of the translated work and their translation choices. The analysis is carried out with the help of two concepts elaborated by Gadamer: situatedness and self-understanding to show how Seamus Heaney fuses different horizons in the process of his retranslation.
3
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In searching for science understanding. Applying the sociology of a science based approach

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Jedlikowska D.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 2
11-19
EN
The paper discusses the chosen ongoing perspectives related to science understanding based problems. Science is viewed, following Robert Merton, as a functioning institution. Social context plays a significant role in defining the possibilities of developing science. The question arises how a functioning institution can be effectively analyzed and which perspectives can be implemented. Hence this paper’s goal is to reveal some ways of exploring science understanding. Consequently the paper touches the scientific discourses upon science discussing its academic functional ethos and on the other hand tension between bureaucratization and openness in science. More broadly how far science is democratized in an academic interaction. The proposition of examining the problem of the quality of science as an institution is to grasp two perspectives: first, the formal perspective, related to the legal field and its rationality and second, followed by Adele Clarke known as “situatedness”. The idea of joining formalization with situatedness can be regarded as an embodiment within John Meyer and Brian Rowan’s concept of an institutionalized organization. Hence science understanding is defined as a complex functioning institution escaping from a modern version of science into many postmodern ad-hoc made sciences. The paper’s intention is to provide problems and proposition of solving them through applying an integrating perspective
4
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Autorefleksja i usytuowanie badawcze w socjologicznych studiach nad religią

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Hall D.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2020
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issue 3(238)
161-186
PL
Artykuł dotyczy osobistego stosunku osób prowadzących badania społeczne nad religią do przedmiotu ich studiów. Podejmuje kwestię autorefleksji w socjologii religii i krytycznie omawia propozycje namysłu nad usytuowaniem badawczym przedstawione przez Neitz oraz Altglas i Wooda. Propozycje te korespondują z postulatami silniejszego osadzania socjologii religii w teorii społecznej i problematyce relacji władzy. Niedostatecznie się jednak odnoszą do współczesnej debaty o epistemologii i metodologii nauk społecznych, która destabilizuje tożsamości, zwraca uwagę na polityczne i etyczne uwikłanie działalności akademickiej oraz na relacyjny charakter wytwarzania wiedzy. Artykuł zachęca do dalszego namysłu nad problematyką usytuowania badawczego w socjologicznych studiach nad religią. W obrębie studiów prowadzonych w Polsce ów namysł mógłby wzmocnić te kierunki analiz, które działają na rzecz przełamania praktyki badawczej zwanej „metodologicznym katolicyzmem”.
EN
The article addresses the issue of personal attitudes of those conducting social studies on religion towards the subject of their academic interest. It focuses on self-reflexivity in sociology of religion and critically discusses the ecommendations for reflection on researchers’ situatedness presented by Neitz as well as Altglas and Wood. These recommendations correspond to the recent calls for a stronger embeddedness of sociology of religion in social theory and the issue of power relations. However, they inadequatly address the contemporary debate on epistemology and methodology of social sciences, which destabilizes identities, points to the political and ethical entanglement of academic activity and draws attention to the relational nature of knowledge production. The article encourages further reflection on the issue of situatedness in sociological studies of religion. Within studies conducted in Poland, such reflection could strengthen the analytical currents aimed at breaking with the research practice called „methodological Catholicism”.
5
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Epistemiczna funkcja habitualności: elementy fenomenologii poznania zawodnego

84%
Płotka W., Gdański U.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2015
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vol. 31 (4)
PL
Numer został przygotowany przy wsparciu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (1222/P-DUN/2015).
EN
The article analyses the phenomenon of fallible knowledge as knowledge constituted in inadequate way of givenness. The key concept in this context is habituality, i.e., passive structure of consciousness that co-constitutes the object of cognition. It is argued that habitual moment of consciousness contextualizes cognition of unknown objects by presenting them as typical for a subject in a certain cognitive relation. One can describe this phenomenon by referring to the broad notion of horizon. As the author claims, phenomenology of fallible knowledge presents human cognition as defined by horizons, so as essentially “open.” The descriptions enables one to understand phenomena of cognitive situatedness of a subject and of embodied exploration of the world by the lived body.
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