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EN
Studies concerning a social acceptance of violent behaviors in education are an important factor in actions directed to eliminate the problem. Social attitudes towards using violence in educational agenda are an important cultural background of its existence. They are postulated by various reports and recommendations as allowing to monitor conditions of the problem of violence in upbringing, and, indirectly, also its occurrence. The article presents in a form of a report the results of country-wide studies from year 2017 carried out in Polish society. The dynamics of basic parameters of these attitudes, monitored for the last couple of years, is depicted. In a dimension of theoretical context of the text, there is a reference to the newest research regarding drawbacks of physical punishment and a need to counteract those. Data from own research conducted for Children’s Rights Spokesperson show, on one hand, a constantly alarmingly high level of approval of violent behaviors against children used in their upbringing, and on the other hand, there are noticed positive tendencies of a decrease, suggesting generational changes and a turning point in an approval of violence in a relatively short period of time, which suggest an effectiveness of the actions undertaken in order to change the attitudes.
EN
The purpose of the study is to assess attitudes toward robots among a Polish sample (N = 1044) using a series of questions focused on their perceptions within the labor market. Based on previous research, higher concerns toward and lower acceptance of robots were predicted for women, people performing manual and manual work, and people who are not familiar with robotics. The hypotheses were only partially confirmed. Orientation in the field of robotics is conducive to greater acceptance of the presence of robots in trust works professions. Unexpectedly, it turned out that people who declared performing physical work, compared to people performing other types of tasks, have a more affirmative attitude to the participation of robots in customer service occupations and to accept the autonomy of the robot to a higher degree. The results also showed that women are more concerned about the increased presence of robots in the labour market and less accepting of the replacement of humans by robots and the greater autonomy of intelligent machines. In addition, the analysis revealed that people with more knowledge in the field of robotics declare greater acceptance of the autonomous work of robots and in terms of replacing people with robots in the work environment, they also have fewer concerns about the market situation compared to those who do not consider themselves knowledgeable in this area.
EN
The aim of this paper is to juxtapose the image of mentally ill persons in the world cinematography with the perceptions of this social category in the Polish society. Analysis made by the author was based on the selection of well known movies to compare with some results that are available in the reports published by CBOS (a Polish Public Opinion Research Centre). In both sources the social isolation of mentally ill people is a key trait of their image, moreover, the way mental illness is shown in movies is relatively stereotypical and departs from scientific knowledge, whereas people interviewed in the surveys regarding their contacts with and attitudes toward the mentally ill individuals reveal their apprehension and willingness to keep a distance.
EN
Anthropology is a field broadly understood as a description of ubiquitous human existence as far as homo sapiens emerged from community of human being until present-day society. Anthropology provides description of mechanics of integration of societies or how they distance themselves from certain group and individuals. It describes permanence and changes of culture order. According to Mary Douglas‘s anthropological resolving I analyse – in perspective of anthropology – evolution of social attitudes in to people with disabilities. Basical questions of my article are – „who, why, how, what” normal people thinks about persons wiht disfunctions. I present specific conceptualisation of disability’s causes, ways of a treatment people with features of otherness in traditinal era and in postmodernism. I say – they give us something inducing to thinking about another face of humanity.
EN
The essence of the internal geopolitics of the Russian Federation and its influence on the foreign policy of Moscow is analyzed in the article. It was found that on the background of Russian nationalism the activation of separatist sentiments in the Russian national autonomies had occurred, particularly in the North Caucasus (Chechnia, Dahestan). Eventually, it caused two Chechen wars, as well as to the formation of dissatisfaction with the Center’s actions in Tatarstan, South and East Siberia and others. However, after internal politics and internal economy shocks of the 1990th Russia has outlined a course to restore the status of a great state. An important factor for the Russian government is the support of its foreign policy by the population. It is traced that the level of electoral support of the Russian president entirely depends on the success of the Russian Federation on the international arena. Kremlin actively cultivates and uses imperial mood of society in order to justify the return of its “unjustly deprived” great power status. Therefore, governmental expansionist geostrategy obtains active support among the intelligentsia and broad social strata.
EN
Among the social and political outcomes of the pandemic in Poland, one should list the development of anti-COVID social movements. Their specific character, as compared to other social movements, is the subject of exploration in this paper. The basic objective of the paper is thus to analyse the motivations of members and supporters of the so-called corona-sceptic movement at the early stage of its presence in the Polish political arena. Key questions the authors sought to answer concern individuals’ assessment of their situation associated with the pandemic and their attitude to public institutions managing the crisis on behalf of the government. The paper is based on the results of a quantitative research carried out in December 2020.
PL
W badaniu zajęto się tematem postaw Polaków wobec wybranych aspektów związanych z relacjami społecznymi. Badano ustosunkowanie się do sześciu stwierdzeń: 1 – „Ludzie przede wszystkim starają się służyć pomocą innym”, 2 – „Homoseksualiści powinni móc układać sobie życie według własnych przekonań”, 3 – „Zbyt wiele mają do powiedzenia w naszym kraju osoby obcego pochodzenia”, 4 – „Niektórzy ludzie są więcej warci od innych”, 5 – „Niektóre grupy ludzi nie zasługują na szacunek”, 6 – „Powinniśmy dążyć do tego, aby dochody wszystkich ludzi były w miarę wyrównane”. Pierwszym celem opracowania było sprawdzenie, jak rozkłada się poziom zgadzania się z tymi stwierdzeniami przestrzennie, w ujęciu powiatów. Kolejno zbadano, czy postawy te są zróżnicowane w podziale na osiem cech opisujących Polaków: płeć, stan cywilny, poziom wykształcenia, stan zdrowia, uczestnictwo w nabożeństwach, wiek oraz poziom dochodów, również uwzględniając aspekt przestrzenny. Na koniec analizy skonstruowano modele regresji (klasyczne i przestrzenne), aby sprawdzić, czy na podstawie kilku cech opisujących tym razem powiaty (a nie pojedynczych respondentów) uda się stworzyć model wyjaśniający, dlaczego w niektórych regionach ludność zgadza się z danymi stwierdzeniami bardziej, a w innych mniej. Dane potrzebne do analiz zaczerpnięto z ogólnopolskiego badania pt. „Diagnoza społeczna”, a wszystkie obliczenia wykonywano w programach PQStat oraz Geoda.
EN
The research focuses on Poles’ attitudes towards selected aspects associated with social relations. Responses to the following 6 statements were examined: 1 – People try to help others above all, 2 – Homosexuals should be allowed to live according to their beliefs, 3 – Foreigners have too much to say in our country, 4 – Some people are worth more than others, 5 – Some groups of persons are not worthy of respect, 6 – We should seek to make the income of all persons more or less equal. The first aim of the study was to check how the level of agreement with those statements was distributed spatially in terms of districts. Then it was checked whether those attitudes were differentiated by 8 characteristics describing Poles: sex, marital status, education level, health status, participation in church services, age and income level, also taking into account the spatial aspect. Finally, regression models (classical and spatial) were constructed to check whether several features describing districts (rather than individual respondents) could help to build a model explaining why in some regions the population agreed with the statements more and in other areas less. The data needed for the analysis were taken from the nationwide study entitled “Social Diagnosis” and all calculations were carried out in the PQStat and Geoda programmes.
EN
Children of kindergarten age develop very quickly. With proper stimuli, they should reach the appropriate level of school readiness around the age of six. The subject of the study carried out in one of Cracow’s kindergartens was to determine the level of school readiness in terms of social development. Tests were carried out among five-year-olds attending a kindergarten based on the pedagogic principles of Maria Montessori. The author wished to know what social skills were developed by the children within the context of an alternative method of interaction. The test group included 22 children from four mixed-age groups. The school readiness evaluation was carried out twice in the school year 2012/13, with the use of the categorised observation technique. The results show that within one year’s time of preparation for school the children made significant progress, but – due to their age and biological development – not all the required skills were shaped at the highest possible level. In the second test only 13.6% children obtained the highest grade in all the test indicators. More than 78% children obtained the high or medium level, which means that the skills tested have not been fully shaped. Children need more time for improving and reinforcing these skills. Social and emotional development is strictly related to the process of growing up. Therefore, certain skills cannot be shaped faster. These include an adequate reaction to new situations, overcoming difficulties, as well as performing and planning tasks on one’s own. The test results confirm that the Montessori educational context faclitates the shaping of such skills as independence of action, making good contacts with adults and peers, or preparing and tidying up the workplace. It was a partial and pilot study.
PL
Celem tego wykładu jest próba częściowej odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego w 20 lat po rewolucji 1989 r. jesteśmy społeczeństwem sfrustrowanym, niewierzącym w swoje szanse i pesymistycznie postrzegającym najbliższą przyszłość. (fragment tekstu)
EN
Introduction: Vaccination is becoming an increasingly common social dilemma and the reluctance to vaccinate is one of the biggest problems of medicine. This issue is particularly important during the implementation of the National Vaccination Program at the time of the global pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study is to present the factors determining the process of shaping attitudes of people through the use of knowledge of social psychology in the field of popularizing vaccination, especially in groups requiring support, as well as to present the attitude of Poles towards vaccination against COVID-19. Method: An online survey carried out in January, 2021 on a group of 454 young adults of both sexes on attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19. Results: The results of the study show that 68.3% of respondents are going to be vaccinated, 60.6% consider the vaccination against COVID-19 to be effective and 62.1% think that it is safe. In addition, this research paper discusses the component of the Poles’ social attitudes towards vaccination. The lowest results (61.40%) were for the emotional phase of positive attitude to COVID-19 vaccination. The highest results (82.05%) were noted in the cognitive phase of positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: The approaches of Poles differ in their attitudes related to the readiness to be vaccinated, although most of them express the need to be vaccinated. One of the most crucial tasks here is informing people about the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine, especially among young people who are undecided (12.1% of the respondents), to achieve the so-called herd immunity. And as it appears, the distrust towards vaccination is not dictated by the subjective lack of knowledge, but the emotional climate associated with it. That is why we need to formulate appropriate and precise health-promoting campaigns.
PL
Wstęp: Szczepienie staje się coraz częstszym dylematem społecznym, a niechęć wobec szczepień jest jednym z większych problemów medycyny. Problem jest szczególnie istotny w dobie pandemii spowodowanej wirusem SARS-CoV-2, kiedy to wdrożony jest Narodowy Program Szczepień. Celem pracy jest ukazanie czynników determinujących proces kształtowania się postaw poprzez wykorzystanie wiedzy z zakresu psychologii społecznej w kwestii popularyzacji szczepień, szczególnie w grupach wymagających wsparcia, oraz przedstawienie postaw Polaków wobec szczepienia przeciwko COVID-19. Metoda: Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone drogą elektroniczną w styczniu 2021 roku na grupie 454 młodych dorosłych osób obojga płci na temat postaw względem szczepienia przeciwko COVID-19. Wyniki: Wyniki badania wskazują, że 68,3% badanych zamierza się zaszczepić, 60,6% uważa szczepienie przeciwko COVID-19 za skuteczne, a 62,1% osób za bezpieczne. Ponadto artykuł omawia kwestię komponentów postaw społecznych Polaków wobec szczepień. Najniższe wyniki (61,40%) dotyczą emocjonalnego komponentu pozytywnej postawy względem szczepienia przeciwko COVID-19, najwyższe (82,05%) komponentu poznawczego pozytywnej postawy względem szczepienia przeciwko COVID-19. Wnioski: Polaków różnicuje postawa związana z gotowością do przyjęcia szczepionki, większość z nich jednak widzi u siebie potrzebę zaczepienia się. Jednym z ważniejszych zadań w tym obszarze jest informowanie o skuteczności i bezpieczeństwie, szczególnie wśród osób, które są niezdecydowane (aż 12,1% badanych). Wszystko po to, aby osiągnąć tzw. odporność stadną. Okazuje się, że nieufność wobec szczepienia nie jest podyktowana subiektywnym poczuciem braku wiedzy na jej temat, a samym emocjonalnym klimatem, z jakim się ona wiąże. Konieczne jest zatem formułowanie trafnych kampanii prozdrowotnych.
PL
Filie i oddziały koncernów międzynarodowych są znaczącym elementem w strukturze gospodarczej miast i regionów, a w zależności od stopnia integracji z regionalnym oraz lokalnym otoczeniem gospodarczym mogą odgrywać ważną rolę w ich rozwoju. Lokalizacja fi lii koncernu międzynarodowego wywołuje wielorakie skutki, w różnych sferach: gospodarczej, społecznej, przestrzennej, w środowisku przyrodniczym. Do skutków w sferze społecznej można zaliczyć kształtowanie się postaw mieszkańców wobec inwestora pod wpływem wiedzy o nim oraz wykreowanego wizerunku, prowadzące w dalszej kolejności do pewnych wobec niego zachowań. Opracowanie dotyczy porównania postaw wobec inwestorów zagranicznych mieszkańców dużego miasta oraz małej gminy wiejskiej. Podstawą analizy były badania ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród mieszkańców Poznania oraz mieszkańców gminy Zbąszynek.
EN
Branches of international corporations are a significant element of the economic structure of towns and regions, and depending on the degree of their integration with (‘embeddedness’ in) the regional and local economic milieux, they can play an important role in their development. The location of a branch of an international corporation has a multitude of effects in a variety of spheres: economic, social, spatial, and environmental. The effects in the social sphere include the formation of attitudes of the residents towards the investor, which takes place on the basis of the knowledge about the investor and his/her image, and then gives rise to some forms of behaviour towards him. This paper compares the attitudes towards foreign investors of the residents of a big city and a small rural commune. The analysis is based on a survey research carried out among the inhabitants of Poznan city and the commune of Zbaszynek. The attitudes examined in the first case were those towards a branch of the international corporation EXIDE Technologies, which has been operating in the city since 1995, and in the other case, the attitudes towards a branch of the Swedwood corporation, present in the commune since 1999.
PL
Traditional or Modern? Lubusz Youth at the Beginning of the XXI CenturyWe were interested in fi nding determinants of traditional and modern young Poles’attitudes towards elementary social issues. We wanted to answer the question howproximity to the German border can be treated as a diff erentiating factor consideringattitudes of youth form Lubuskie voivodeship, compared to the attitudes oftheir peers from other regions of the country. Th e analysis of the PGSS and LSS dataallowed us to formulate thesis of modern attitudes towards most of the analyzed dimensionsof social life, beyond the perception of the paternalism. Modern worldviewmanifests itself most strongly in relation to national issues where it can be concludedthat contemporary young people are rational citizens, deprived of strong emotions inthe way of speaking about their country and its activities.It cannot be strongly concluded that the proximity to the border fosters attitudesmore modern, because of the intensity of contacts with Germans. In most of theanalyzed cases we could not fi nd signifi cant diff erences in the opinions of the Polesand the inhabitants of the region of Lubusz. Th ere are, however, individual statements,which revealed signifi cant diff erences between the Poles and Lubusz, whichcan be explained by the multidimensional impact of the border. We claimed thosediff erences with the importance of the fl ow patterns of behavior between Poles andGermans, or the development of trade relations. It should be emphasized that theproximity of the border also generates a negative attitudes of Poles towards Germans.Daily contacts shape attitudes towards patriotism.
PL
Mózgowe porażenie dziecięce wielu osobom kojarzy się przede wszystkim z niepełnosprawnością, a zatem z odmiennością, innym życiem, innymi potrzebami. Jednak pomimo powszechnie panujących stereotypów osoby z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym często funkcjonują w swojej rzeczywistości, niczym nie odbiegając od osób pełnosprawnych. Tak samo czują, myślą, pragną miłości, uczucia, zrozumienia, a przede wszystkim akceptacji ze strony społeczeństwa. Często ludzie nie mają świadomości, jak niewiele można zrobić dla takiej osoby, aby czuła się szczęśliwa i potrzebna. Opracowanie stanowi opis życia codziennego osoby z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym, ukazując tym samym problemy spowodowane zarówno stanem psychofizycznym, jak i kontaktami społecznymi.
EN
Cerebral palsy is associated by many people primarily with disability and therefore with differences, other life, other needs. However, despite the prevailing stereotypes about people with cerebral palsy, they often function in their realities without departing from non-disabled people. Likewise, they feel, think and want love, affection and understanding, but above all, they want acceptance by society. Often, people are not aware how much can be done for so little to make such person feel happy and needed. The study is a description of the everyday life of a person with cerebral palsy, thus showing problems caused by both, the psychophysical state and social contacts.
EN
There are so many factors determining the professional activity of disabled people that it would be difficult to mention all of them. In this article, two conditions will be pointed out, namely the internal resources of people with disabilities and the attitudes of the environment. The resources that even disabled people could and should be equipped with during their childhood and youth are of key importance in these people's subsequent social and professional activities. Not less important are the resources derived from the environment in which disabled people live that motivate or discourage them in their search for a job.
PL
O aktywności zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych decyduje tak wiele czynników, iż trudno byłoby je wymienić. W niniejszym artykule zostaną wskazane dwa uwarunkowania, a mianowicie zasoby wewnętrzne osób niepełnosprawnych oraz postawy otoczenia. Zasoby, w które mogłyby i nawet powinny zostać wyposażone osoby niepełnosprawne na etapie dzieciństwa i młodości, mają kluczowe znaczenie w późniejszej ich aktywności społecznej i zawodowej. Nie mniejsze znaczenie mają zasoby czerpane z otoczenia, w którym osoby niepełnosprawne żyją, a które motywują lub zniechęcają do podejmowania trudu poszukiwania pracy.
EN
The article gives the examples of dissident attitudes among the inhabitants of Białystok region against the communist regime in the 1970s, repression used against them as well as the reactions of the conformist surroundings. These attitudes were demonstrated by non-conformist individuals until the beginning of the 1980s, whereas the foundations of group protests were solely economic issues.
PL
Artykuł opisuje przykłady postaw sprzeciwu mieszkańców Białostocczyzny wobec systemu komunistycznego w latach siedemdziesiątych XX w., represje stosowane wobec nich i reakcje skonformizowanego otoczenia. Aż do początku lat osiemdziesiątych postawy te były prezentowane przez nonkonformistyczne jednostki, a podłożem protestów grupowych byływyłącznie kwestie ekonomiczne.
EN
Studies concerning a social acceptance of violent behaviors in education are an important factor in actions directed to eliminate the problem. Social attitudes towards using violence in educational agenda are an important cultural background of its existence. They are postulated by various reports and recommendations as allowing to monitor conditions of the problem of violence in upbringing, and, indirectly, also its occurrence. The article presents in a form of a report the results of country-wide studies from year 2017 carried out in Polish society. The dynamics of basic parameters of these attitudes, monitored for the last couple of years, is depicted. In a dimension of theoretical context of the text, there is a reference to the newest research regarding drawbacks of physical punishment and a need to counteract those. Data from own research conducted for Children’s Rights Spokesperson show, on one hand, a constantly alarmingly high level of approval of violent behaviors against children used in their upbringing, and on the other hand, there are noticed positive tendencies of a decrease, suggesting generational changes and a turning point in an approval of violence in a relatively short period of time, which suggest an effectiveness of the actions undertaken in order to change the attitudes.
PL
Badania dotyczące społecznej akceptacji zachowań przemocy w wychowaniu są istotnym czynnikiem w działaniach na rzecz eliminacji problemu. Postawy społeczne co do wykorzystywania przemocy w celach wychowawczych stanowią istotne kulturowe tło jej występowania. Postulowane są więc przez różne raporty i rekomendacje jako pozwalające monitorować uwarunkowania problemu przemocy w wychowaniu, a pośrednio także i jego występowanie. W artykule zaprezentowano w formule raportu wyniki badań ogólnopolskich z 2017 r. realizowanych w społeczeństwie polskim oraz ukazano dynamikę podstawowych parametrów tych postaw, monitorowane przez kilka ostatnich lat. W wymiarze teoretycznego kontekstu opracowania odwołano się do najnowszych ustaleń na temat szkodliwości kar cielesnych i potrzeby działań, które eliminują problem. Dane z autorskich badań prowadzonych na zlecenie Rzecznika Praw Dziecka pokazują z jednej strony stale niepokojąco wysoki poziom aprobaty zachowań przemocy wobec dzieci wykorzystywanych w wychowaniu, z drugiej zaś korzystne tendencje spadkowe, sugerujące pokoleniowe zmiany, a także odwrót od aprobaty przemocy w dość krótkim czasie, co sugeruje efektywność stosowanych różnych działań na rzecz zmiany postaw.
PL
W artykule ukazano wybrane aspekty postaw Polaków i Ukraińców wobec zmian klimatycznych odwołując się do danych zastanych – badań ogólnopolskich i ogólnoukraińskich dotyczących poziomu wiedzy o kwestiach zmian klimatu i deklaratywnych zachowań dotyczących tych zmian. Omawiana problematyka została ulokowana w spektrum procesów geopolitycznych i prognoz naukowych w tym zakresie. W wymiarze teoretycznym zaś – w obrębie koncepcji postaw i sporów związanych z nową epoką geologiczną – antropocenem. Przegląd danych zastanych pozwala sformułować wniosek, iż nie mamy do dyspozycji danych porównawczych, pochodzących z badań międzykrajowych, w których uczestniczyłyby oba kraje. Jednym z najczęściej wykorzystywanych narzędzi do budowania klimatu opinii w obszarze środowiska jest Eurobarometr, w którym to badaniu nie uczestniczy Ukraina. Brak badań porównawczych powoduje trudności z ekwiwalencją dokonywanych analiz. Prezentowane wyniki spełniając rygor temporalny i tematyczny stanowią jedną z pierwszych prób odtworzenia postaw społecznych odnośnie spraw klimatycznych w obydwu krajach.
EN
The article discusses the chosen aspects of Poles’ and Ukrainians’ attitudes towards climate change. For this purpose, the authors refer to the existing data, i.e., nation-wide studies conducted in Poland and Ukraine regarding the level of knowledge about climate change and the behaviour declared in relation to this change. The discussed issue was set within the spectrum of geopolitical processes and scientific forecasts concerning it. When it comes to the theoretical sphere, the issue was set within the concepts of attitudes and arguments concerning the new geological epoch, i.e., the Anthropocene. The overview of the existing data allows for coming to the conclusion that there are no comparative data from international studies in which both countries participated. One of the most frequently used tools for forming opinions on environmental change is Eurobarometer, in which Ukraine does not participate. The shortage of comparative data results in difficulties with equivalence of the conducted analysis. The presented results meet the temporal and topical rigor, and are one of the first attempts at recreating social attitudes towards climate change in both countries.
PL
W Polsce dużą grupę obywateli stanowią osoby z niepełnosprawnością. W sferze publicznej zazwyczaj pełnią rolę klientów różnorodnych instytucji – orzekających, pomocowych, rehabilitacyjnych. Ich subiektywne postrzeganie własnej sytuacji jest uzależnione od wielu czynników i nie da się go uogólnić. Pracownicy wymienionych instytucji najczęściej są profesjonalnie przygotowani do pracy z osobami z niepełnosprawnością i ich rodzinami. Ich opinia o sytuacji osób z niepełnosprawnością jest istotna z uwagi na obiektywizm i autentyczną znajomość problemów i barier tej grupy. Przedstawione wyniki badań opinii profesjonalistów na temat sytuacji osób z niepełnosprawnością zostały zaprezentowane w kontekście wykluczenia społecznego i odniesione do przestrzeni organizacyjnej samorządu terytorialnego.
EN
In Poland, a large group of citizens are people with disabilities. In the public realm they normally act as clients of various institutions – the panels, relief, rehabilitation. Their subjective perception of their own situation depends on many factors and it can not be generalized. Employees of these institutions are usually professionally trained to work with people with disabilities and with their families. Their opinion about the situation of people with disabilities is important because of the objectivity and genuine knowledge of the problems and barriers of that group. The results of surveys of professionals on the situation of people with disabilities were presented in the context of social exclusion and related to the organization of local government.
20
63%
EN
The article notes that an essential component of professional risk management is to identify the nature of the object in the field of management of the economy. Since the domestic theory of risk management is under development, the problem of clear comprehensive definition of the concept of "risk" gets at the moment of particular relevance. The article discusses, along with economic forecasts of risks and the human factor in decision making. Are important indicators of the status and position of a person in society, and its social well-being. The analysis of risk assessment methods, it is concluded on the need development of new models and methods of risk management, taking into account the human factor.
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