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Knowledge and Behaviour

100%
Holý L.
Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 1
9-24
EN
Ladislav Holy argues in this paper that by virtue of the self-defining character of human activities, anthropological interpretation could proceed only on the basis of understanding indigenous categories and analysing activities in terms of those categories; imposition of outsiders’ analytic categories onto local concerns would only lead to confused analyses and the distorted representation of local systems of knowledge.
2
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Social Determination of Law as a Condition of Its Effectiveness

100%
Hanchuk O.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2020
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vol. 2(26)
99-108
EN
The article deals with the social nature of law and order. It is emphasized that a full and comprehensive study of this phenomenon is impossible outside of social relations. It is noted that any legal system inevitably faces a complex problem: it should meet, on the one hand, the requirements of stability, and on the other - the inevitability of changes. Law exists in the flow of social life; it is a tool guiding social development and change society. As a guide to behavior, it is formed on the basis of sociologically established and verified constant and variable factors of social reality. Law is constantly increasing the sphere of social influence; therefore, there are more requirements to legal regulation. However, law performs its function as a regulator of social relations, when it is performed in reality. The life of norms of law is not only and not so much in their presence, existence, as in the functioning, implementation. The purpose, effectiveness and efficiency of law lie in the movement of law from possibility to reality, in the implementation of legal requirements in the actual actions and deeds of people. In this regard, it is important not only to assert the unity of law and society, but also, respectively, the call for constant correction of written law in accordance with changes in the social structure.
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Проблематизация свободы как фактора личностных идентификационных практик в эпоху глобализации

100%
Михеева И. Б., Середа Ю. П.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2011
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issue 1(1)
89-102
EN
In the article specificity of the qualitative transformation of the contemporary personal identification practices and strategies in the context of actualization of positive and negative freedom is analyzed. The attempt to reveal ambiguity and discrepancy of the subject’s self-identification process which in modern conditions gets a «plastic» character of active functioning is made. The thesis that phenomenon «freedom» in it actual representations, which actively participating in formation and development of personal identity «plastics», opens in the macro social scale the possibilities of reflective and responsible formation by the individual her or his identity in the structure of diverse social practices is proved.
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On the Modernization of Humanism

100%
Przhilenskiy V. I.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2015
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issue 2
133-142
EN
In the Renaissance period, being a “humanist” meant graduating from a philosophi-cal faculty and teaching the collection of disciplines necessary to become a university student. In this view, the humanist is the man of the unaccomplished higher education, or, a school teacher. Neither his status, nor the status of the disciplines he taught was high. Over time the situation changed. Studying ancient languages opened a whole world of the disappeared civilization, obvious ancestors to the Renaissance; a concep-tion of humanitarian-historical cognition was founded. The Renaissance was the first to formulate a problem of comprehension—of the historical epochs passed, of the texts based on other (alien) experience and different mentality. In the context of unique sin-gularity the concepts of fate and biography were overestimated. The thesis of micro- and macrocosm unity was revived. The humanists have created a new translation of the Holy Writ; as a result, the sense of many rite ceremonies of liturgy became clearer. Historicism and criticism have brought a new type of thinking and a new system of values in the long run. Humanistic values constructed the first system that had no need in religious foundation, and its relation with Christianity was not logical, but historical. All this, though well known, gains quite other sense today. The world becomes more and more complicated and multicultural. A post-secular, polio-confessional socium comes to replace the secular society. The former needs a new experience, as unique as that of Renaissance humanitarians.
5
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Testy rzeczywistości. Narracje o zbrodniach w powieściach Jane Austen

100%
Karlińska A.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
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2019
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vol. 63(2 (465))
47-61
PL
The aim of the article is the consideration of the way in which Jane Austen asks in her novels about the status of reality. The subject of the interest are the narrations about “crime” understood as the events breaching the normal social experience and revealing how fragile the reality is. The significant context of the consideration is the classical detective literature. The author proves that the work of Jane Austen can be characterized by the similar reflection on societies in which the project of social reality is entangled. Referring to the conception of Luc Boltanski, she shows that, in the novels of the British writer, crime is a form of “reality testing”. Austen casts in doubt the frames of reality and reveals the conventional dimension of the social life. Her purpose, however, is not to disclose the social world – she sees the possibility of its integration.
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Nations in the bubble of social reality: language and all that

72%
Kamusella T.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2016
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issue 48
EN
Nations in the bubble of social reality: language and all that In the last century and a half scholars from different disciplines began to distinguish between material reality (the universe), the biosphere, and social reality (the semiosphere), as three important heuristic categories. In the latter half of the 20th century, the philosophers John L. Austin and John Searle proposed that language and its use enable humans to generate social reality. They also analyzed the mechanisms of the process. From another perspective, the evolutionary anthropologist Robin Dunbar offered an explanation of how language was selected in the process of human evolution, and argued that its primary function is group-building, that is, the generation of social cohesion. Drawing on these insights, the article proposes that the dilemma of whether nations exist objectively or are subjective entities can be resolved by analyzing this problem in the light of Searle’s distinction between ontological objectivity / subjectivity and epistemic objectivity / subjectivity. Narody w koronie rzeczywistości społecznej widziane z perspektywy językaOd półtora stulecia badacze z zakresu różnych dyscyplin zaczęli wyraźnie rozróżniać pomiędzy rzeczywistością materialną (tj. wszechświatem, ogółem bytów materialnych), biosferą oraz rzeczywistością społeczną (semiosferą), jako powiązanymi ze sobą trzema kategoriami analizy heurystycznej. W drugiej połowie XX stulecia filozofowie języka John L. Austin i John Searle dali tezę, iż to język oraz jego użycie pozwala ludziom generować rzeczywistość społeczną. Obydwaj również badali mechanizmy rządzące tym procesem generacji. Z kolei psycholog ewolucyjny Robin Dunbar przedstawił model wyjaśniający, jak język (tzn. biologiczna zdolność językowa) został wyselekcjonowany w procesie ewolucji. Na tej podstawie postawił on tezę, iż prymarną funkcją języka jest umożliwianie budowania grup ludzkich, czyli innymi słowy, generowanie potrzebnej ku temu spójności społecznej. Korzystając z powyżej wymienionych ustaleń, artykuł proponuje nowe podejście do szeroko dyskutowanej kwestii czy narody istnieją obiektywnie lub są subiektywnymi bytami, analizując to zagadnienie w świetle zaproponowanego przez J. Searle’a rozróżnienia pomiędzy ontyczną obiektywnością/subiektywnością a epistemiczną obiektywnością/subiektywnością.
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Osobní identita a společenská realita - kolektivní identita v bezpečnostních sborech

58%
Svěchotová S.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2008
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vol. 2
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issue 3
77-82
EN
In her contribution the author builds upon her longstanding experience as a psychologist in Czech security forces. She discusses the themes of individual and group identity in an environment of totalitarian and post-totalitarian society and security institutions.
CS
Ve svém příspěvku autorka vychází z dlouholeté praxe psychologa působícího v republikových bezpečnostních sborech. Věnuje se tématům individuální a skupinové identity v prostředí totalitní a posttotalitní společnosti a bezpečnostních institucí.
8
Content available remote

Osobní identita a společenská realita - kolektivní identita v bezpečnostních sborech

58%
Svěchotová S.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2009
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vol. 3
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issue 4
77-82
EN
In her contribution the author builds upon her longstanding experience as a psychologist in Czech security forces. She discusses the themes of individual and group identity in an environment of totalitarian and post-totalitarian society and security institutions.
CS
Ve svém příspěvku autorka vychází z dlouholeté praxe psychologa působícího v republikových bezpečnostních sborech. Věnuje se tématům individuální a skupinové identity v prostředí totalitní a posttotalitní společnosti a bezpečnostních institucí.
9
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Konstruování identity ženy v kontextu konverze k islámu

58%
Sedláková M.
Sociální pedagogika (Social Education)
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 2
22-37
EN
This contribution presents research which describes the social reality for female converts to Islam. The work is based on socio-constructivist and poststructuralist approaches. In the introduction, these are briefly described. The analytical and interpretive section, which was drafted using the tools of discourse analysis, maps the constructions of the statements of participants in three interrelated parts. The main goal of the first part was to identify the discourses and practices of actors leading to identity construction for female converts within the Facebook social network. In the next phase of the research, I analyze the statements of female converts with respect to the construction of their identity. The final section deals with the implications of these structures in social practice.
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