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SOCIAL ASSISTANCE: FROM CARE TO SOCIAL SERVICES

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EN
The article is about the genesis and evolution of social services in Poland. The authors presented the Polish way of building social services in Poland until 1939, as well as the way of functioning of social services in the People’s Republic of Poland and during the years 1990–2015. The last chapter of the article is focused on the reforms of social services in Poland after 2015. In the conclusion of the article, the authors state that history of social services in Poland shows the never ending efforts of meeting new social needs, as well as growing complexity and internal diversity of organizational structures of social services that require integration and coordination.
EN
The author of this paper explores the ways the method called social contract facilitates interaction with clients. The author’s arguments are supported by her studies of two institutions specialized in social service, welfare officers’ experiences and scientific literature. Moreover, this paper has an ameliorative aspect: it proposes to amend the shortcomings of “social contract” to make the method more effective.
EN
This article concerns a special position of a veteran in the Polish constitutional system. The Constitution states that the Republic of Poland shall take special care of veterans of the struggle for independence, particularly war invalids.. The study describes axiological and historical basis of privileges of veterans. It was also discussed, how this issue was regulated in former constitutions and what assumptions were adopted in the course of preparatory work on the current constitution. A doctrinal understanding of the analyzed institution was described, basing on the literature of the subject. Reflections of the author are also focused on the basic issues related to understanding the duty of care of veterans in its subjective and objective shape.
EN
Social service agencies are an important factor in a person’s life, which is based on changes in health status, insufficient to meet their needs or other difficult life circumstances is forced to use them. It turns caring for allowing a decent live his life. But not every recipient of social services to be able to accept this fact and often its adaptive capacity is not enough to ensure that the situation in the resettlement agency was tolerable for him. Then he was forced to accept the help and service professionals, including social workers, help perceivers social services using appropriate methods, techniques, methods to overcome this period without any negative consequences.
EN
The paper looks at the concept of universal (unconditional) basic income. The poverty is one of those elements of social life that seems to be constant; various historical circumstances impacted its level, but it is hard to imagine a world without the poor. The evident shortcomings of current social services throughout the world led many academics to a favourable view of universal basic income system in which all citizens regularly receive a certain sum of money in addition to the income received from elsewhere. The author argues that since universal basic income is being considered as a replacement to the current means-tested welfare system the idea itself seems interesting.
EN
Irena Sendlerowa is among the most distinguished people of Polish social work. She deserved this honour by saving Jewish children from the Warsaw ghetto. This undoubtedly heroic activity in the extreme situation is the reflection of social and professional formation in the School of Social-Educational Work at the Free Polish University. It was a unique education and social-professional practice, combining professional competencies with social attitude – professionalism with the ethos of social service.
PL
Sponsorship in this paper is the formal relationship between an authorized Catholic organization and a recognized apostolic undertaking to promote and sustain Christ’s ministry to people in need. Sponsorship is not a static reality. Radical changes which have occurred in charitable works, largely due to the decline in religious vocations and the aging of members of institutes, led sponsoring leaders to seek for and find new approaches to sponsorship whereby their ministry could continue without compromising their identity. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to certain perspectives of the evolving understanding of sponsorship which is regularly in the process of being transformed and reshaped. It faces many challenges regarding the continuing Catholic identity of the sponsored works and the recognition of numerous new opportunities for future forms of sponsorship. This study explores certain canonical and practical perspectives for the development of the sponsorship of various forms of Catholic ministerial organizations, with particular reference to health care.
EN
The military conflict which broke out in August 1914, later named the Great War, extended into the entire territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Armed hostilities conducted by allied German and Austro-Hungarian armies against Russian forces ruined a lot of households depriving their owners of livelihood. A tragic situation of the Kingdom of Poland’s residents posed a risk of humanitarian disaster. The first organization providing help and support to civil victims of the war in the Polish territory was the Civic Committee. However, its works were interrupted in September 1915, soon after Warsaw was seized by German forces. Those who had been earlier involved in charity work knew that new authorities would probably allow to continue charity activity because a lack of interest in this issue could eventually harm the implementation of occupational policy. These expectations proved accurate. German administration gave consent for the establishment of a new social organization, i.e. Central Welfare Council [Rada Główna Opiekuńcza] (RGO). Polish environments carried out negotiations thereon with occupational authorities from October 1915 to spring 1916. Their purpose was to establish powers that the newly created institution should be vested in. The aspirations of individuals who were to work in RGO in the future sometimes exceeded the expectations of the Germans by and large. Occupational authorities did not agree, among others, for the pursuit of activity in the field of education, medical care or collection of data concerning substantive losses in the effect of warfare. Nevertheless, the attitude of German authorities was gradually becoming less consistent as they needed to win favour of the Polish society. In practice, RGO was involved not only in strictly charitable initiatives (financial support of social care centres, food distribution, organization of fund- raising, etc.) but also in educational activity, loss estimation and organization of medical facilities.
EN
Sponsorship in this paper is the formal relationship between an authorized Catholic organization and a recognized apostolic undertaking to promote and sustain Christ’s ministry to people in need. Sponsorship is not a static reality. Radical changes which have occurred in charitable works, largely due to the decline in religious vocations and the aging of members of institutes, led sponsoring leaders to seek for and find new approaches to sponsorship whereby their ministry could continue without compromising their identity. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to certain perspectives of the evolving understanding of sponsorship which is regularly in the process of being transformed and reshaped. It faces many challenges regarding the continuing Catholic identity of the sponsored works and the recognition of numerous new opportunities for future forms of sponsorship. This study explores certain canonical and practical perspectives for the development of the sponsorship of various forms of Catholic ministerial organizations, with particular reference to health care.
EN
This article is a continuation of deliberations on the identity and history of Polish social services. In Particular, it refers to the issues of the origins and beginnings of the formation of the educational system of social workers. Memory of the beginnings is an essential element of thinking about the future in the present. Creating solutions for the future, without respect for the achievements of the past, carries a number of risks of errors, which is the experience of past generations. It also allows the risk of abandonment of effective solutions in the development, which are becoming specific to native, cultural, or psychological factors. History is, in fact, a perfect teacher for contemporary activists involved in the fields of practice and theory.
EN
Social workers' safety is being conditioned with appropriate determinants. The basic determinants include system determinants, personal determinants and environmental determinants. In the group of personal determinants four basic factors are distinguished that determine the safety of social service workers. These include in particular: positive selection to the profession, personality traits, substantive preparation and professional morale. This catalogue is open and can be supplemented in progress of discourse devoted to i ussues of social workers' safety.
EN
A systemic approach is essential in working with the families threatened by social exclusion. This is expressed both in the perception of the family as a whole and in the planning of interdisciplinary strategies of support. This trend is reflected in – among others – the relevant legal acts on social assistance in Poland. Moreover, it also gives the opportunity to create a network of local support in which a strategy of solving social problems – particularly within the family itself – is prepared in cooperation with the local administration. Therefore, the purpose of my article is to present the good practices in providing assistance and support for the families in difficult life situations. The selected programs that have been implemented by Merc.
PL
Autorka pokazuje pedagogikę społeczną wpisaną w kontekst historyczny i polityczny. Zwraca uwagę na społeczną misje tej dyscypliny związaną z przekształcaniem środowiska i budowaniem zmiany społecznej. Ta formułowana przez Helenę Radlińską idea badania i działania i służby społecznej dominowała na kolejnych zjazdach pedagogów społecznych (1937, 1947, 1957, 1981, 2013). Za każdym razem była inaczej odczytywana, ale niezmienne budziła nadzieje, mobilizowała do działania. Dzisiaj, jak bumerang, powraca i zyskuje znowu swoje wyjściowe, pierwotne oblicze.
EN
This paper depicts social pedagogy as inscribed in the historical and political context. The author draws attention to the social mission of the discipline related to the transformation of the social environment and the construction of social change. The paper discusses the consecutive congresses of social pedagogues, that took place in Poland and were dominated by Helena Radlińska’s idea of research, action and social service (1937, 1947, 1957, 1981, 2013). These three components were interpreted differently every time, but each time raised hopes and inspired action. Today, like a boomerang, Radlinska’s ideas have come back and regained their initial, original character.
EN
The aim of the article is to join the scientific discourse on the family issues. The article raises the issues of social activity aimed at supporting families. The background to the research was the classic doctrines of social policy. During the exploration, the qualitative research methodology (action research method) and document analysis were used. In particular, reference is made to the classic concepts of political models of the state organized according to the principles of liberalism, socialism and socliberalism as the middle ground between the first two. The obtained research results allowed to draw the following conclusions. On the foundation of political assumptions, proposals are built of model family support arranged in three different circumstances of state governance. Three respective models of family support are outlined, which refer to the liberal (neo-liberal), socialist (social democratic) and socliberal (the third path) assumptions. Each of the models is discussed, i.e. the incentive (marginal) model, the caring (redistributive) model, and the partnership (cooperative) model. The concept of family support models can be a tool for the analysis of real models which are applied today in the countries with a family policy in place. It is the product of many years of research conducted in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, England and the United States.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2015
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vol. 41
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issue 2
163-171
EN
Traditions of educating social services have been known in Poland since 1925 thanks to the efforts by Helena Radlińska and an association of the most outstanding theoreticians and practitians of social work of that time including; Marian Grotowski, Konstanty Krzeczkowski, Marian Godecki, Ludwik Krzywicki, Wacław Szubert, Kazimierz Korniłowicz, Czesław Babicki, Janusz Korczak, Jan Muszkowski, Faustyn Czerwijowski, Zygmunt Kobyliński, Maurycy Jaroszyński, Jan Strzelecki, Mieczysław Michałowicz, Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski, Władysław Radwan and Stanisław Rychliński, and many others. The experiences of the interwar period show that short term preparation of social service employees to take action in social circles did not meet the essential expectations set by the requirements of the dynamically changing conditions of humans life at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 21century social or economic situation requires from the social services employees the use of advanced, social and technology competences. This causes that the overall (complex, multidimensional, multidisciplinary) process of university education seems to be necessary to fulfil the requirements of the tasks set to the graduates. Therefore, the basic task is to find model solutions enabling the preparation of the graduates of social work and alike specialisation to perform effective and efficient service for the benefit of Another Person.
PL
Tradycje kształcenia służb społecznych są w Polsce znane już od 1925 roku. Staraniem Heleny Radlińskiej i zespołu zrzeszającego ówczesnych najwybitniejszych teoretyków i praktyków pracy społecznej, jak w szczególności Marian Grotowski, Konstanty Krzeczkowski, Marian Godecki, Ludwik Krzywicki, Wacław Szubert, Kazimierz Korniłowicz, Czesław Babicki, Janusz Korczak, Jan Muszkowski, Faustyn Czerwijowski, Zygmunt Kobyliński, Maurycy Jaroszyński, Jan Strzelecki, Mieczysław Michałowicz, Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski, Władysław Radwan oraz Stanisław Rychliński, i inni (patrz: Radlińska, 1964, s. 432-433; Lepalczyk, 2001, s. 78-79). Doświadczenia okresu międzywojennego wskazują, że krótkookresowe przygotowanie pracowników służb społecznych do aktywności w środowiskach społecznych nie spełniało oczekiwań merytorycznych stawianych przez wymogi dynamicznie zmieniających się warunków życia ludzkiego początku XX wieku. W XXI wieku sytuacja społeczna czy gospodarcza wymaga od pracowników służb społecznych posługiwania się zaawansowanymi kompetencjami zarówno społecznymi, jak i technologicznymi. To sprawia, że całościowy (kompleksowy, wielowymiarowy, wielodyscyplinarny) proces kształcenia uniwersyteckiego zdaje się być niezbędny dla sprostania wymogom stawianych przed absolwentami zadań. Stąd podstawowym zadaniem jest poszukiwanie modelowych rozwiązań, które umożliwią przygotowanie absolwentów kierunku praca socjalna i pokrewnych do wydajnej i wysokojakościowej służby Drugiemu Człowiekowi.
PL
Celem systemu pomocy społecznej jest wsparcie jednostki, a przez to przeciwdziałanie wykluczeniu społecznemu. Regulacje normatywne w tym zakresie ujęte są w szczególności w ustawie z dnia 12 marca 2004 r. o pomocy społecznej, która określa między innymi rodzaje świadczeń z pomocy społecznej oraz zasady i tryb ich udzielania, a jednym z tych świadczeń jest – przyznawany na zaspokojenie niezbędnej potrzeby bytowej – zasiłek celowy. W artykule podjęto rozważania czy zasiłek celowy jest świadczeniem stanowiącym skuteczne narzędzie przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu społecznemu. W związku z tym przedstawiono i poddano analizie regulacje normatywne determinujące przyznanie i kształt tego świadczenia. Analiza ta prowadzi do wniosku, że funkcjonująca w polskim systemie prawnym instytucja zasiłku celowego na zaspokojenie niezbędnej potrzeby bytowej może być postrzegana jako skuteczny mechanizm przeciwdziałający wykluczeniu społecznemu.
EN
The purpose of social service is to support the individual, and thus counteracting social isolation. Normative regulations in this regard are covered by the law of social service from the 12th of March 2004, which determines the types of benefits and the rules of impartment. One of those benefits is the designated benefit for basic needs. In the article, the ponderation has been done about if the designated benefit is a successful tool against social isolation. Thereupon, the normative regulations which determine the appropriation and form of this benefit have been analyzed and presented. This analysis concludes that the institution of the designated benefit for basic needs, which functions in the Polish legal system, could be perceived as an effective mechanism that counteracts social isolation.
PL
Nowa ustawa o realizowaniu usług społecznych przez centrum usług społecznych obowiązująca od początku obecnego roku nie wiąże się z oszczędnościami w wydatkowaniu na pomoc społeczną. W dużej mierze polega ona w szukaniu lepszych rezultatów w rozwiązywaniu problemów osób, które przychodzą do wyspecjalizowanych instytucji z prośbą o pomoc lub udzieleniu pomocy tym, do których ona powinna dotrzeć. Niniejszy artykuł nakreśla historię edukacji i wychowania oraz skupia się na rodzinie i jej pomocy, w sytuacji zagrożenia jej prawidłowego funkcjonowania. Zwraca uwagę na samorząd lokalny, który jest zobowiązany w pierwszej kolejności do budowania polityki socjalnej na swoim terenie, w oparciu o własny budżet. Podkreśla także pomoc instytucjonalną rodzinie wymagającej wsparcia.
EN
The new Social Services Act of the Social Service Center, which has been in forcesince the beginning of thisyear, does not entail savings in social assistance spending. There is a certain opportunity to find better solutions to the problems of people who come to specialized institutions to ask for help or to provide assistance to those to whom they should reach. This article outlines the history of education and upbringing, and focuses on the family and its support, in the event of a threat to its proper functioning. It draws attention to local government, which is primarily responsible for building social policy on its own territory, on the basis of its own budget. It also stresses the institutional assistance of the family which needs support.
Studia Iuridica
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2020
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vol. 85
174-192
PL
The article presents the basic issues concerning the legal solutions contained in the on the Realization of Social Services by the Social Services Center Act. This legal act provides new tasks for municipalities concerning the creation of new organizational units of the commune i.e. social service centers. The aim of the this legal solutions is to develop and integrate the social services system at the local level. Establishing a social service center (CUS) is not an obligatory task of the commune. Therefore the question arises if the creation of the new organizational units would be related to the financial issues of the commune. Probably the communes would also take into the account the fact that in many of them have been running the social service centers targeted at specific social groups, usually seniors or disabled people for several years.
Rozprawy Społeczne
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2016
|
vol. 10
|
issue 4
13-19
PL
W artykule wskazano na znaczenie problemu „własnej przyszłości” u recydywistów penitencjarnych i wykazano związek z efektywnością procesu resocjalizacji. Omówiono zagrożenia związane z patologizacją obszaru planowania swojego życia i podkreślono konieczność wpływania na kształt planów życiowych sprawców przestępstw jako warunku skutecznej resocjalizacji. Odniesiono się do problemu efektywności działania szeroko rozumianego systemu służb społecznych.
EN
The article discusses the importance of creating ”one’s own future” by persistent offenders and its correlation with the efficiency of the re-socialisation process. It describes the risks associated with the pathologisation in the sphere of life planning and emphasises the need of shaping life plans by offenders themselves as the precondition for effective re-socialisation. Finally, it refers to the significance of efficacy of the system of all social services.
Rozprawy Społeczne
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2016
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vol. 10
|
issue 4
20-24
PL
W artykule wskazano na znaczenie problemu „własnej przyszłości” u recydywistów penitencjarnych i wykazano związek z efektywnością procesu resocjalizacji. Omówiono zagrożenia związane z patologizacją obszaru planowania swojego życia i podkreślono konieczność wpływania na kształt planów życiowych sprawców przestępstw jako warunku skutecznej resocjalizacji. Odniesiono się do problemu efektywności działania szeroko rozumianego systemu służb społecznych.
EN
The article discusses the importance of creating ”one’s own future” by persistent offenders and its correlation with the efficiency of the re-socialisation process. It describes the risks associated with the pathologisation in the sphere of life planning and emphasises the need of shaping life plans by offenders themselves as the precondition for effective re-socialisation. Finally, it refers to the significance of efficacy of the system of all social services.
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