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1

РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН СЬОГОДЕННЯ

100%
Гордієнко С.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 8(52)
310-317
UK
The purpose of the article is the analysis of the state of scientific development of the phenomenon of the personality’s socialization and the grounded study of its socio-pedagogical positions. Nowadays it is reinforced the importance of development of the individual, starting from early childhood, the ability to function in society and perform different social roles within different groups. The methods of the research were research literature analysis, synthesis, and systematization of scientific views. Based on the views of the researchers, it can be determined that the development of social identity remained relevant at all times. The conducted research gives grounds for generalizations about the nature of sociality and its development as an important socio-pedagogical phenomenon of present days. The analysis of works of the scientists on the research of sociality in the historical aspect is important in this work. All this requires a thorough analysis of theoretical and empirical material. Because there were and there are many approaches to its interpretation, based on the functioning of states of various continents of the world. Despite significant investigations in various aspects of the personality’s socialization, the author believes that this phenomenon in the period of social transformations requires in-depth study due to socio-pedagogical positions. And also it requires its analysis in general, the definition of the specificity of the development of sociality of different social subjects. It is emphasized that at the present stage of development of social pedagogy as a science and practical activities with different social groups a more detailed and thorough disclosure from the perspective of social pedagogy requires the essence of the concept “sociality”. It is noted that development of the sociality of the children of early age requires special public and scientific attention. Consequently, this necessitates the further study of the issue of development of socialization of children of preschool age, leads to the activation of detailed investigations of social interaction of the teacher with various institutions of education, qualified specialists, parents of children; requires the development of content and forms of work with them directly, work with children to transmit a positive social experience, social values, life knowledge, abilities, skills.
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Lacanian Ethics, the Psychoanalytic Group, and the Question of Queer Sociality

100%
Valle Junior L.
InterAlia: Pismo poświęcone studiom queer
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2020
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issue 15
34-50
EN
This article is an attempt to frontally pose a question queer theory gravitates around, yet never effectively spells out: what is a togetherness of those who have nothing in common but their desire to undo group ties? First, I consider the take-up of Lacan’s ethical experiment in Seminar VII, the Ethics of Psychoanalysis by queer theorists. I contend that queer theory has not given Lacan’s interpretation of Antigone its full import, which demands its placement in the philosophical tradition of the West brought to its highest fruition in Kant. I further contend, however, that to do so does not quite offer a solution to the queer problem, for, as contemporary debate on the political import of Antigone shows, the purity of her desire does not immediately translate into a sustainable politics. Lacan himself was faced with the problem of translating his ethics into a politics after his “excommunication” from the psychoanalytic establishment, and came to falter before it. Nevertheless, Lacan’s efforts allow us to pose the undoubtedly queer question of how to group together those whose only attribute is to undo group ties. Responding to the unanswerable demands of a theory and a practice that allows us to answer that question, I propose the figure of the smoker’s communism, as elaborated upon by Mladen Dolar, as a preliminary queer suggestion as to how we might go about mitigating the gap between Lacan’s ethical brilliance and his admitted political failure.
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Heidegger a Nancy : sociální změna mezi projektem a událostí

86%
Kouba P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
189-204
CS
The aim of this article is to provide a critical study of the phenomenology of sociality as it is proposed in Heidegger’s account of historicity and collective happening, put forward in Sein und Zeit. On the basis of this account and in view of a critical, but still constructive, interpretation of it, we arrive at the conception of sociality which is sketched in Nancy’s works La communauté désoeuvrée and Être singulier pluriel. This movement is connected with a stress on the opposition between project and event which comes out in the way social change is perceived. We are not, therefore, concerned with investigating sociality in its static form, which would by its very nature deny the character of social interaction, but with investigating the dynamic of social changes which can be seen either through the prism of project or through the prism of event. Deeper investigation, however, shows that social changes do not necessarily have the character of pure project or pure event. Much more often we encounter processes which have both the character of a project and an event. The key to this way of comprehending social processes is to be provided by Nancy’s reinterpretation of Heidegger’s Mitsein and of the collective happening of human existence.
FR
Le but du présent article est l’étude critique de la phénoménologie de la socialité telle qu’elle est développée dans l’exposé heideggerien de l’historialité et de l’action collective dans Sein und Zeit. A partir de cet exposé et à travers une interprétation critique, mais qui reste constructive, nous aboutissons à la conception de la socialité esquissée dans les oeuvres La communauté désoeuvrée et Être singulier pluriel de Nancy. Ce mouvement est lié à l’accentuation de l’opposition entre projet et événement qui s’exprime dans la façon dont est perçu le changement social. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’étudier lasocialité dans sa forme statique, ce qui serait contraire à la nature de l’interaction sociale, mais la dynamique des changements sociaux que l’on peut aborder soit à travers le prisme du projet, soit à travers celui de l’événement. Or, un examen plus approfondi montre que les changements sociaux n’ont pas forcément le caractère de pur projet ou de pur événement. Nous rencontrons beaucoup plus souvent des processus qui ont le caractère de projet et à la fois celui d’événement. Et c’est précisément la réinterprétation par Nancy du Mitsein heideggerien qui devrait nous fournir la clé pour une telle compréhension des provessus sociaux.
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Practice Theory Revisited: How Flexible Meta-habit Complements Habitus

86%
Zalewska J.
Polish Sociological Review
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2019
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vol. 205
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issue 1
65-84
EN
This article seeks to understand why it is relatively easy for today’s individuals to acquire new behaviors, how the mechanism behind such acquisition developed, and how it is socially coordinated. Empirical findings reveal that new behaviors are mostly acquired unthinkingly. Hence, revisiting practice theory, I propose the concept of meta-habit to help us understand the blind and automatic acquisition of new behaviors. According to Pierre Bourdieu, habitus acquired primarily in childhood generates practices and contributes to the reproduction of the social order. Meta-habit includes disposal toward being open to situational context, toward inquisitiveness, and toward reading the external clues of behavior. Meta-habit generates practices on the basis of influences in the symbolic community: in this way practices are coordinated socially. Meta-habit is responsible for the reproduction of the social order in situations when the social space is very dynamic-this being the case of late modernity, which is a system comprising myriads of fields.
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Ontologie a ideologie ženství : Levinas a feminismus

86%
Bierhanzl J.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
285-298
EN
The concept of femininity plays a foundational role in Levinas’ conception of sociality throughout his work. Despite the various different forms that this concept assumes in Levinas’ ontology and ethics, we attempt to show, in agreement with several feminist interpreters, that in the background to this development one can perceive a certain ideological content which is fundamentally unchanging and which is not called into question, in a philosophically satisfactory way, in any of the author’s texts. The tension between the ideological and ontological content of the concept of femininity will ultimately be the key to a possible philosophical overcoming of this ideological content when Levinas’ thought is treated as a whole.
DE
Der Begriff der Weiblichkeit spielt in Levinas´ Auffassung der Sozialität innerhalb seines gesamten Werks eine wichtige Rolle. Trotz der verschiedenen Variationen, die dieser Begriff in Levinas´ Ontologie und Ethik erfährt, versuchen wir, zusammen mit bestimmten feministischen Interpretinnen aufzuzeigen, dass im Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung auch ein gewisser ideologischer Inhalt zu sehen ist, der sich im Grunde genommen nicht ändert und der in keinem der Texte dieses Autors philosophisch zufriedenstellend in Zweifel gezogen wird. Die Spannung zwischen dem ideologischen und dem ontologischen Inhalt des Begriffs der Weiblichkeit stellt schließlich den Ausgangspunkt für die Frage nach einer möglichen philosophischen Überwindung jenes ideologischen Inhalts dar, die sich auf Levinas´ Denken insgesamt bezieht.
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Erós na více dob : Transcendence, láska a socialita

86%
Cohen-Levinas D.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2, Special No: Za hranicemi tváře. Levinas a socialita
41-53
EN
If the motif of sociality has its roots in sexuality, then sexuality itself is situated in the ambiguous throbbing of immanence and transcendence. Desirous Eros thus brings us to fundamental immanence, and also elevates us to the Other, to a love without desire. The deformalization of time undergoes several registers in Totality and Infinity. It goes from the “the night of the erotic”, to “the equivocal […, that] allows profanation”, bringing us to Eros, which delivers us from “encumberment” and “it goes toward a future which is not yet and which I will not merely grasp, but I will be […]”. Here, Levinas alludes to the eroticism of time, to fecundity, which manifests the social structure of enamored subjectivity. The affected identity is truly fecund, and that with the fecundity of voluptuosity, which never withdraws into itself. The time variations described in such a manner culminate the movement of the deformalization of time, from the first generative cell (sexuality) to the highest ethical demand (Justice).
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СУБ’ЄКТНІСТЬ ЯК ВАЖЛИВА ОЗНАКА СОЦІАЛЬНОСТІ ДІТЕЙ І МОЛОДІ В ЕПОХУ СУСПІЛЬНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ

86%
Рассказова О., Григоренко В.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2015
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issue 8(52)
390-397
EN
The purpose of the article is an investigation of socio-pedagogical positions of subjectness as an important basis for children and youth socialization, appreciating the necessity to form decision-making capabilities in young generation in the modern era and being a source of personal activity. Research methods were scientific literature analysis, synthesis, generalization, and systematization of scientific views. Research analysis allowed the authors to draw general conclusion about essential characteristics of subjectness as an important feature of children and young sociality in social transformationsera. Thus, subjectness phenomenon is considered as something that is not obvious, but needed to certain conditions for its manifestation. Such external conditions are social transformations, critical events, social situations; so, they require not trivial actions from the subject. The authors considered also personality conscious purpose and motive of activity by which the subject is included in work to be basic requirement for subjectness development in subject. Personality with subjectness has certain effective characteristics; one is the ground of activity, having the motive of such activity with a plan and ways for its implementation. Personality is interested in results, and carrying responsibility for them. The article advances the view that subjectness is not a permanent quality or subject characteristic. Such property distinguishes subjectness from sociality, since sociality is characterized by greater resistance and stability of existence in the personality integration. Acquired in childhood skills, strategy, experience of social interaction (language, etiquette, social taboos, traditions, mental and behavioural patterns, etc.) always remain with a person (except critical situations: loss of memory, severe mental illness, ets.). Subjectness is a socio-personal characteristic dependent on psychological, social, spatial, and temporal conditions; it can be seen as a situational manifestation of sociality reflected the quality and specificity of acquired human sociality. The authors proposed to extend concept of the major trends of sociality changes within society, separate social groups and subjects through the study of subjectness specificity during public transformations.
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Přínos fenomenologie pro filosofii sociality

86%
Urban P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
299-316
EN
This review study focuses on two recently published collections whose theme is the phenomenology of sociality: Phenomenology of Sociality. Discovering the “We” and The Phenomenological Approach to Social Reality. History, Concepts, Problems. It is demonstrated that the editors and authors of these publications have succeeded in presenting and evaluating afresh the rich sources offered by classical phenomenology in relation to the problem of sociality. This study sets the phenomenological analyses into the context of contemporary analytically-orientated philosophy of sociality and shows their contribution to the ongoing discussion of social ontology, collective intentionality and collective agency. By way of conclusion, the author formulates several critical questions and draws attention to certain blind spots in the publications reviewed.
FR
Cette étude critique se concentre sur deux ouvrages collectifs récents dont le thème est la phénoménologie de la socialité: Phenomenology of Sociality. Discovering the “We” et The Phenomenological Approach to Social Reality. History, Concepts, Problems. L’étude montre que les auteurs et les éditeurs de ces publications ont réussi à présenter et à réévaluer les ressouces riches qu’offre la phénoménologie classique en rapport à la problématique de la socialité. Cette étude inscrit les analyses phénoménologiques dans le contexte de la philosophie de la socialité contemporaine, ancrée dans la tradition analytique et prouve leur apport à la discussion actuelle sur l’ontologie sociale, l’intentionnalité collective et l’action collective. En conclusion, l’auteur formule quelques questions critiques et indique les lacunes des ouvrages recensés.
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СОЦИОЛОГИ О МЕНЯЮЩЕЙСЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОСТИ

86%
Menshikov V.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2020
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issue 2
22-39
EN
In the present article, the author considers the topical issue of human-machine collaboration, as interest in such an issue is caused not only by the technical and economic consequences of the broadening of the scope of artificial sociality. The article aims to clarify the scientific and theoretical prerequisites for the statements made by some sociologists on the emergence and broadening of the scope of artificial sociality as a real result of human-machine communication. This is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) analysis of the scientists’ and researchers’ statements either on the presence or the fundamental impossibility of artificial sociality; 2) analysis of N. Luhmannís theory on communication as the basis of sociality; 3) considering some assessments by certain authors given to the deepening of human-machine cooperation, which contribute to the broadening of the scope of artificial sociality; 4) outlining further directions for studying the artificial sociality. In the given article, the author uses the methods of comparative analysis, analogy, generalization, classification, structural-functional and semiotic methods. All of them are united within an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the stated theory. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comparative historical analysis of the concepts of changing sociality, especially N. Luhmann’s theory of communication. This allowed the author to formulate his own definition of sociality - natural and artificial - from the point of view of the sociology. The author understands sociality as the essence of communication of agents, who autonomously function in a self-organizing network of an autopoiesis nature. In the final part of the article, the author considers several issues that demand more active and innovative participation of sociologists in their solution: the need of a new methodology for assessing the scope and consequences of the broadening of artificial sociality in the short-term and the long-term; study of the forms of organizing contact between humans and devices with artificial intelligence, especially in the case of machines using non-binary logic; the role of culture in broadening human-machine collaboration.
10

Adopting Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Constructing A Multilingual’S Identity

72%
Bilá M., Kačmárová A., Vaňková I.
Human Affairs
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 4
430-442
EN
The cultural phenomenon of globalization has led to bilingualism and/or multilingualism (at least from a socio-pragmatic point of view). This brought to the attention of professionals the issue of the transformation of an identity from monolingual to multilingual. Due to the individual and at the same time social nature of the setting in which a man interacts, the study of the issue of personal identity has to be crossdisciplinary. We claim that in the course of this transformation the language-culture-identity interrelationship is vital and a multidisciplinary approach including (social) psychological, anthropological, philosophical, and discursive perspectives has to be undertaken. The paper approaches the issue of a multilingual’s identity through the prism of the four perspectives and in doing so offers justification for the above claim.
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Floriana Znanieckiego idea uspołecznienia do altruizmu

72%
Hałas E.
Rocznik Pedagogiczny
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2021
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vol. 44
7-23
EN
Certain visionary threads of Florian Znaniecki’s thought present in his sociological theory of education merit our attention. They are associated with the concept of creating a grassroots movement of new sociality, capable of becoming a vehicle of reflexive social and cultural changes. These utopian threads related to the current of new humanism appear in all of Znaniecki’s works. The problem of altruism seems crucial in the light of Znaniecki’s axiology, but has not been properly examined until now. When Znaniecki names the new social tasks of education with the goal of shaping social changes, he considers the problem of social good from the perspective of intergroup relations. He searches for a new meaning of altruism, especially collective altruism, which would be the antithesis of collective egoism, and thus would transcend the limits of solidarity only with one’s own group. The issue of altruism, so important for Znaniecki, has only recently begun to regain its place in sociology. Znaniecki’s thought can be read in a connection with the contemporary anti-utilitarian movement and the newly revived discussion about the possibility of humanism after modernity.
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Hra a konstituce sociality

72%
Koubová A.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 2
205-220
EN
The aim of this article is to think through the relation between the structure of play and the constitution of sociality, particularly in the light of the work of the key theoretician of play, Johan Huizinga, but also with reference to other authors such as D. W. Winnicott, T. S. Henricks and J. Butler. In view of the extensive field covered by the study of the conduct of play and of the heterogeneity of the phenomenon of play, this study confines itself to an inquiry into the complex character of the ambivalent relation between rationality and irrationality; goal-directedness and the internality of goals; playfulness and responsibility; the individual and the society in the context of play. The study argues that play is a space of ambivalence which enables the cultivation of the creative negotiation of the relations of power, including subversive acts and transformation, the ability to combine the attitude of dependence with authority, the sacred with the everyday, the abilities of communication with otherness. Out of this space there is also born sociality.
FR
Le but du présent article est de penser le rapport entre la structure du jeu et la constitution de la socialité en utilisant essentiellement l’oeuvre du théoricien clé du jeu Johan Huizinga, mais en se référant aussi à d’autres auteurs comme D. W. Winnicott, T. S. Henricks et J. Butler. Etant données l’étendue de la sphère thématique que couvrent les études du comportement ludique et la diversité des approches selon lesquelles on peut déterminer le phénomène du jeu, notre étude se limite à l’investigation de la nature complexe du rapport d’ambivalence entre rationalité et irrationalité, finalité et autotélisme, frivolité et responsabilité, individu et société, dans le cadre du jeu. Nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle le jeu est un espace de l’ambivalence, qui permet la cultivation d’une négociation créatrice des rapports de pouvoir, dont les actes subversifs et la transformation, de la capacité de combiner l’attitude la dépendance et de la souveraineté, du sacré et du quotidien, de la capacité de communiquer avec l’altérité. C’est également dans cet espace que naît la socialité.
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Dvě ontologie české demokracie: T. G. Masaryk a J. L. Fischer

72%
Pauza M.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 2
233-245
EN
The article treats of the discussion of democracy in the Czech intellectual context of the first half of the 20th century. Its starting point is the thesis that the nature of this discussion is determined by two clearly defined types of approach. One of them understood democracy as the concerning the general level which alone enabled free discussion and the dignified life of citizens (E. Beneš, E. Rádl, F. X. Šalda, F. Peroutka, K. Čapek and others). The second approach is an attempt to found democratic social-political practice on reflected philosophical theory. This conception is represented by T.G. Masaryk and J.L. Fischer. Masaryk is the “ontotheologian” of democracy which is, for him, an expression of the active presence of Providence in history. J. L. Fischer is the “onto-epistemologist” of democracy. He understands democracy as the realisation of the hierarchical Order of Reality, interpreted along the lines of structural functionalism. For Masaryk a crisis of democracy is ex definitione impossible, for Fischer it is a real threat because “pathological structures”. In both cases, however, there is an attempt to legitimise everyday reality by Transcendence.
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Jak souvisí stres, nedůvěra a nedodržování protiepidemických opatření? - Konstruktivistický pohled na negativní jevy pandemické doby

58%
Filip M., Kovář D., Jalůvková M., Jakalová L., Kebrlová N., Kocyan J., Látalová K., Poulová A., Sochová I., Uvírová K., Brtinský P.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2022
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vol. 16
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issue 1
1-30
EN
Non-adherence to public health measures determines how society copes with the new coronavirus pandemic. In this study, we apply the personal construct theory to answer why some people comply with anti-epidemic measures. The theory assumes that stressful events in the pandemic situation invalidate an individual’s worldview (individual’s construing). If the individual attempts to maintain this construing instead of its reconstruction, s/he may apply the hostility strategy. For example, s/he dismisses information or opinions that are incompatible with his/her original construing. This leads to an elaboration of distrust and critical attitudes towards institutions and to non-compliance with measures they order. We investigate this model by an interview analysis with 20 respondents. The analysis yielded five categories showing how respondents construe the pandemic situation: responsibility, criticism, distance from the subject, productive dialogue, and unproductive dialogue. Respondents from the category “criticism” were facing substantial stressful/invalidating changes. They maintained their critical attitude towards anti-epidemic measures through a hostile view of those with differing opinions and a strong distrust in institutions and media. The other respondents mostly complied with the measures. In their construing of the pandemic situation, they took different perspectives into the account, did not experience hostility, and expressed some degree of understanding to people with different opinions. Thus, hostility could be a fundamental psychological principle to preserve a meaningful worldview in times of the pandemic. Hostility, however, leads to distrust, opinion polarization, and non-compliance with anti-epidemic measures.
CS
Dodržování protiepidemických opatření určuje, jak se společnost vypořádá s pandemií nového koronaviru. K objasnění, proč někteří lidé opatření nedodržují, využíváme teorii osobních konstruktů. Ta předpokládá, že stresující události v pandemii invalidizují do té doby smysluplný obraz světa (konzistentní konstruování). Pokud se jedinec snaží invalidizované konstruování zachovat místo jeho změny, uplatňuje strategii hostility – například devalvuje informace a názory, které jsou s jeho/jejím konstruováním nekompatibilní. Tím dochází k upevňování nedůvěřivých postojů vůči institucím a k nerespektování opatření, která vyhlašují. Tento model konfrontujeme s informacemi z rozhovorů s 20 respondenty. Analýza dospěla k pěti kategoriím, které odráží, jak respondenti pandemické situaci rozumí: zodpovědnost, kritika, odstup, produktivní dialog, neproduktivní dialog. Respondentky z kategorie „kritika“ čelily výrazným stresujícím/invalidizujícím změnám. Své kritické postoje k protiepidemickým opatřením udržovaly prostřednictvím hostilního pohledu na osoby s jiným názorem a prostřednictvím nedůvěry v instituce a média. Většina ostatních respondentů opatření dodržovala. Ve svém pohledu na pandemickou situaci brali v potaz různé perspektivy, neuplatňovali hostilní pohled a vyjadřovali určité porozumění lidem s jinými názory. Hostilita tedy může být základním neadaptivním mechanizmem k udržení smysluplného obrazu světa v nepřehledné pandemické době, která však vede k nedůvěře, společenské polarizaci a nedodržování opatření.
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Podtrzymywanie porządku i rozwiązywanie konfliktów u prymatów innych niż człowiek

58%
Stępień M.
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
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2011
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vol. 2(3)
76-91
PL
W artykule autor prezentuje syntezę wcześniejszych badań prymatologicznych poruszających problem uspołecznienia, porządku społecznego i rozwiązywania konfliktów u prymatów innych niż człowiek. Pierwsza część tekstu zawiera dyskusję na temat zalet i wad uspołecznienia – traktowanego jako jedna z wielu możliwych form wspólnego życia – z perspektywy ewolucyjnej. Nasuwa się pytanie: jakie są dostosowawcze konsekwencje życia społecznego? W następnej części omówiono nieuniknione źródła konfliktów (ograniczających dostosowanie) związane z życiem społecznym. Jest to niezbędny kontekst do analizy istniejących mechanizmów utrzymywania porządku społecznego (włączając w to zapobieganie i rozwiązywanie konfliktów) w różnych społecznościach prymatów innych niż człowiek. Są to bardzo zniuansowane i trudne do dostrzeżenia na pierwszy rzut oka naturalne mechanizmy, które pozwalają czerpać korzyści z uspołecznienia mimo jego ogromnego kosztu ewolucyjnego. Zdaniem autora nauki społeczne mogą wiele skorzystać na refleksyjnym i krytycznym zainteresowaniu szerszymi problemami życia społecznego i porządku społecznego poruszanymi w prymatologii. Artykuł, co oczywiste, nie stanowi wyczerpującego omówienia tych tematów. Jest on raczej próbą zwrócenia uwagi na podstawowe zagadnienia i zainicjowania interdyscyplinarnej dyskusji na ich temat.
EN
In this article author presents a synthesis of previous primatological studies concerning problem of sociality, social order and conflict resolution in non human primates. First part contains discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of sociality – treated as a one of the many possible form of living together – from an evolutionary perspective. The question is: what are fitness consequences of sociality? An inherent sources of conflicts (which reduce fitness) associated with the social living are discussed in next part. This is a necessary background for an analyze of an existing mechanisms for maintaining social order (including preventing and solving conflicts) in various non human primates societies. This are very nuanced and not easy to notice at the first glance natural mechanisms which enable to benefit from sociality despite the fact of the huge evolutionary cost of it. As author argues, the social sciences can gain many benefits from reflective and critical interest of the wider problem of sociality and social order discussed in primatology. This is clearly not a comprehensive study on these issues, but rather an attempt to draw attention to the basic topics and try to start interdisciplinary discussion over them.
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Did Morality First Evolve in Homo erectus?

58%
Rappaport M. B., Corbally SJ C.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2016
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issue 61
105-131
EN
With findings from cognitive science, neuroscience, information science, and paleoanthropology, an anthropologist and astronomer-priest team take a new look at the nature of morality, and suggest parameters that are often very different from the philosophical and theological literatures. They see morality as a biologically-based arbitration mechanism that works along a timeline with a valence of good to bad. It is rational, purposeful, social, and affected by emotion but not dominated by it. The authors examine the age and sex structure, family roles, environment, cognition, and lifeway of Homo erectus, an early hominin who arose 1.9 million years ago, and propose that he had a rudimentary moral system that his biology and culture enabled – but only after he learned to control fire. Hearths gave rise to an intense, social, emotional, experiential context where belief systems could be learned by youth before they achieved adult cognition.
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Covid-19 and the Future of Western Civilisation

58%
Gordon C.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 3
15-31
EN
Civilisation is in many ways the apotheosis of the human social impulse, good and bad, and, whatever happens, the Age of Coronavirus is going to shape the western version of this shared culture profoundly. This article reviews the way in which human sociality has shaped human disease and vice-versa and offers three idealised possible futures for Western Civilisation that Covid-19 might produce.
PL
Covid-19 a przyszłość cywilizacji zachodniej Cywilizacja jest pod wieloma względami apoteozą ludzkiego impulsu społecznego, dobrego i złego, a cokolwiek się stanie, era koronawirusa głęboko ukształtuje zachodnią wersję tej wspólnej kultury. W artykule omówiono sposób, w jaki społeczność ludzka ukształtowała ludzkie choroby i vice versa, a także przedstawia trzy wyidealizowane możliwe wersje przyszłości cywilizacji zachodniej, które mogą być efektem Covid-19.
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European integration, valuation, and exchange: Toward a value theoretic understanding of transnational sociality in the European Union

58%
Langenohl A.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2019
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vol. LXVIII (68)
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issue 1
77-98
PL
Artykuł proponuje konceptualizację pojęcia „wartości” w odniesieniu do problematyki integracji europejskiej. W politycznej retoryce Unii Europejskiej „integracja” to zwykle zarówno poszerzenie zakresu różnych polityk oraz obszarów społecznych, które objęte są rządzeniem ponadnarodowym, jak i pogłębienie regulacji. Natomiast termin „wartość” zwykle stosowany jest w liczbie mnogiej i oznacza określone zasady, często uznawane za nieodłączną część europejskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego i projektu politycznego Unii Europejskiej. W odróżnieniu od tego rodzaju dyskursów ten artykuł proponuje analizę integracji poprzez spojrzenie skierowane ku transnarodowym relacjom społecznym w Unii Europejskiej, a także konceptualizację „wartości” jako kategorii, która nie odnosi się do zasad i przekonań, lecz do wartościowań wbudowanych we wspomniane transnarodowe relacje. Socjologia Unii Europejskiej, mimo znacznego dorobku w postaci licznych studiów nad transnacjonalizmem w Europie, nie rozwinęła póki co określonej koncepcji pojęcia „wymiany”. Przedłożony artykuł stara się wypełnić tę lukę poprzez konceptualizację opracowań antropologicznych, które łączą kwestie społecznego wartościowania z analizą praktyk wymiany. Rezultatem tych poszukiwań jest ujęcie wartościowania społecznego jako zjawiska wyłaniającego się z wymiany wywodzącej się z logiki „daru”. Taka konceptualizacja jest następnie zastosowana do analizy jednej z doniosłych, powszechnych i mających długą tradycję praktyk wymiany w Unii Europejskiej – partnerstwa miast. Odnosząc się do wyników jakościowego projektu badawczego przeprowadzonego przez autora, artykuł wskazuje na to, jak określone interpretacje wymiany partnerskiej skutkują wartościowaniem transnarodowych relacji europejskich, a jakie czynniki takiemu wartościowaniu przypuszczalnie przeczą. Artykuł zamykają konkluzje dotyczące ogólnych implikacji zaproponowanego podejścia.
EN
The article elaborates on a possible framework to conceptualize the notion of ‘value’ with a view to European integration. In the political rhetoric of the European Union, ‘integration’ usually refers to both the widening of policy fields and societal sectors for supranational governance and to an increase in the depth of regulation. ‘Value’, in its turn, usually comes in the plural, denoting certain principles often held to be part and parcel of Europe’s cultural heritage and the European Union’s political project. In contrast to these discourses, this article suggests exploring integration with a view toward transnational social relationships in the EU and to conceptualize value as a term that refers not to principles or beliefs, but to acts of valuation as embedded in those transnational relationships. The sociology of the EU, although having produced a plethora of studies on various forms of transnationalism in Europe, has not developed a particular conceptual interest in the notion of exchange as of yet. The article addresses this lacuna through a conceptual discussion of anthropological work that interconnects questions of social valuation with an analysis of exchange practices. It arrives at an understanding of valuation as emanating from a particular understanding of exchange which arises out of the logic of the ‘gift’. This conceptualization is then applied to one of the most prominent, long-lived, and widespread practices of exchange in the EU, namely, town twinning. Referring to a qualitative research project conducted by the author, it is demonstrated how particular understandings of twinningrelated exchange trigger valuations of transnational European relationships, and which factors possibly counteract such valuations. The article concludes on more general implications of the approach suggested here.
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