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EN
Since the Industrial Revolution, entreprises have left their imprint on the urban landscape and local government. This paper begins with an historical context on the subject which is followed by an analysis of the different influences of enterprises on town planning, housing and local urban and social policies.
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100%
EN
In order to enable migration of plants and animals between various distant ecosystems, it is necessary to maintain ecological corridors between them. Spatial planning, especially that on the local level where spatial shaping methods are directly regulated, plays an important role here
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85%
PL
The article presents the institution of a cultural park, which is a form of protection of historical monuments. The influence of cultural park assumptions on spatial planning in the commune was pointed out. At the same time, it was shown that the creation of a cultural park is to a large extent dependent on existing planning documents.
EN
With respect to space, local authorities may deploy diverse instruments designed to promote the engagement of local communities in the spatial planning and decision-making process. The Village (Polish: Sołecki) Fund, established for rural and urban-rural communes, is one of the ways for achieving this goal. Resources from the Village Fund may be used for, e.g. spatial planning, which is one of a commune’s own tasks. The activities related to the Village Fund have triggered studies focused on the units which run such funds and, on the amounts, earmarked for goals pertaining to spatial planning. On top of that, the spatial distribution of communes delivering such tasks has also been assessed. The analyses covered statistics as well as budget queries in communes which allocated funds for activities connected with spatial planning.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyse the dependence between nature conservation instruments and the percentage of land covered by local spatial development plans and to assess the effect of conservation areas on the type of spatial management in a commune. The material for the analyses comprised local spatial development plans, an administrative decision concerning terms of construction and land management (the WZiZT decision) and administrative decisions on location of public purpose investment projects (LPP decisions) issued in the years 2004–2012. Based on the Mosina commune (in Wielkopolskie Province) an analysis was conducted on land allocated to individual land use forms in spatial development plans as well as their distribution in relation to existing land surface conservation areas. The study investigated the issue of whether the current spatial planning approach at the commune level covering all land within the boundaries of conservation areas with spatial development plans ensures rational spatial management.
PL
Celem opracowania była analiza zależności między występowaniem form ochrony przyrody a stopniem pokrycia planistycznego oraz ocena wpływu obszarów chronionych na sposób prowadzenia gospodarki przestrzennej w gminie. Materiałem badawczym były miejscowe plany zagospodarowania przestrzennego, decyzje o warunkach zabudowy i zagospodarowaniu terenu oraz decyzje o lokalizacji celu publicznego wydane w latach 2004-2012. Na przykładzie gminy Mosina (województwo wielkopolskie) przeprowadzono analizę powierzchni przeznaczanych w dokumentach planistycznych pod poszczególne formy użytkowania a także ich rozmieszczenia względem istniejących powierzchniowych form ochrony przyrody. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy przy aktualnym podejściu planistycznym na poziomie gminnym pełne pokrycie planistyczne terenów w granicach obszaru chronionego zapewnia racjonalne gospodarowanie przestrzenią.
EN
This article seeks to present the development od public participation in local spatial planning in Poland. An assessment was made of the procedure of preparing planning documents and forms of their consultation with residents. To achieve this goal, use was made of the results of a survey research conducted among participants of public consultations in Poznań in the years 2012-2014. It is stressed that it is necessary to improve the decision-making process in urban spatial planning by accommodating not only traditional but also new forms and instruments of public participation.
EN
The paper discusses the problems connected with effects of revitalization. The authors concentrate on the differences resulting from ways as well as used base to carry out process of revitalization. The aim of the paper is assessment of the revitalized place carried out without analysis based on historical function of that place. To this end the authors used one of Wroclaw district conducted the desk research and field research. The authors used the method of observation and case studies. As a result, it can be said that revitalization process should be carried out with maintaining the historical function and the needs of inhabitants of revitalized places. The authors also refer to another example of revitalization process and compare it in the context of used ways and effects. According to the conducted research it can be said that the process of revitalization result from both legal principles and form awareness of local authorities in the context of quality of live and inhabitant needs.
XX
The paper deals with the problem of rail noise pollution in cities in the context of legal amendments. This aspect is often neglected in the process of spatial planning. The authors were motivated to undertake this analysis both by legal changes permitting higher levels of acceptable noise thresholds, which were introduced and legalised in October 2012, and by the intensified levels of investment in areas neighbouring railways. On selected examples of residential areas in Warsaw, Poland (the city districts of Ursus, Białołęka and Ursynów), relevant land development sites were analysed against the course of isophones showing permissible noise levels. The analysis was based on data taken from acoustic maps for Warsaw from 2012 and 2017, planning studies, the Topographic Objects Database (BDOT10k) and the current state of land development. Using ArcGis software, 22 features, three study areas, and corresponding quantitative indicators were assessed. The authors presented the level of railway noise pollution set against the general spatial development. The analysis demonstrated that the changes in legislation have resulted in the “acoustic release” of land near railways; i.e., in these areas new, lessrestrictive regulations on noise pollution have become permissible. In turn, the number of buildings that were considered at risk of noise pollution before 2012 has fallen. The aforementioned regulatory changes may unfavourably impact residential areas neighbouring railways and this has even provoked a wider discussion at the European Union level.
Prawo
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2015
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issue 318
105 - 119
EN
Broadening of social participation is one of the key trends in changes in design and implementation of public policies. Hence, the issue of socialization of decision-making processes is strongly emphasized in sustained development, environmental protection policies and spatial planning. In order to achieve a participatory level in spatial decision-making, proper configuration and intensity of system elements are essential. It involves: 1) rules that establish framework for socialized action; 2) social practice, understood as civic activity; 3) openness of the process manager, that is government and public administration. This article attempts to set spatial planning (the case of Poland), with its conditioning rules and practices, in the context of the qualitative analysis of participatory democracy.
EN
Given the numerous actors involved, spatial planning in metropolitan areas is a complex and sophisticated process. Spatial as well as ecological conflicts arise from the different ways of perceiving and understanding space and its resources. As one of Poland’s largest cities, Cracow’s specific role in this domain is illustrated. The main aim of the survey, which was conducted among local authorities and inhabitants alike, shows the opinions of the two groups on the role of spatial planning, its impact on local development, and the quality of spatial policy in Cracow. Another objective of the study was to identify the involvement of the inhabitants of Cracow in the process of spatial planning.
EN
The area of “Górki Czechowskie” is in the north-western part of Lublin. Originally it was used as a military training field. In the Study of Directives on the Spatial Development of Lublin(which has been currently displayed for public viewing) it is supposed to be a green area surrounded by multi-family housing with services. Currently, this study sparks numerous controversies and protests of local residents and non-governmental organizations. In Lublin, there is currently a discussion on the appropriateness and applicability of the solutions included in the document. The article presents the problems of the issue and the role of resident participation in the process of spatial planning.
PL
Teren Górek Czechowskich zlokalizowany jest w północno-zachodniej części miasta Lublina. Pierwotnie użytkowany był jako poligon. W aktualnie uchwalanym Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta Lublina zakłada się stworzenie na tym obszarze terenów zieleni otoczonych zabudową mieszkaniową wielorodzinną wraz z usługami. Rozwiązania zawarte w studium wzbudzają liczne kontrowersje, a nawet protesty lokalnej społeczności oraz aktywistów miejskich. Artykuł przestawia problematykę roli partycypacji społecznej w procesie planowania przestrzennego na przykładzie analizowanego obszaru.
EN
The article addresses the question of the emergence of urban centres with a gateway function in the area of contemporary Poland. The work concentrates on three urban centres – Mysłowice, Szczakowa and Granica (Maczki) – which gateway function was conditioned by the existence of railway border crossings in the past that provided services for international transport. The interpretation of settlements and their transformations followed the town plan analysis includes method of Conzen. The article indicates spatial consequences of this kind of function which influenced a significant part of the urban area in the indicated towns. The study highlights the dynamics of spatial changes contemporarily conditioned by the loss of the former gateway function and a fact that role of the border has been marginalized. From the other point of view the decreasing role of the political borders which have become in Europe in most cases barely a symbolic meaning. In the presented case studies the key aspect determining the marginalization of their role in the rail transport system and also their urban development was the change of the political borders and their negative consequences (demolition post-rail areas, formation of functionally derelict areas or depopulation). Former glory and role of these three towns are the still existing railway stations. Fortunately, presented railway stations – their potential and heritage give new possibilities for ideas of functional changes and future development.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki analiz dotyczących planowania przestrzennego w gminach z końca 2004 roku, udostępnionych dzięki uprzejmości Departamentu Ładu Przestrzennego i Architektury w Ministerstwie Transportu i Budownictwa, a uzyskanych w ankiecie GUS. Omówiono pokrótce najważniejsze wskaźniki obrazujące zaawansowanie prac planistycznych, zwłaszcza opracowanie miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Przeanalizowano też szeroki zakres czynników, głównie społeczno-ekonomicznych, mogących wpływać na stan planowania przestrzennego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań sformułowano wnioski praktyczne dla polityki regionalnej.
EN
The article presents the analysis of spatial planning process in communities at the end of 2004, based on information by Ministry of Transport and Construction and Central Statistical Office survey. Briefly discussed are the most important indicators reflecting the advancement of planning works. As a result of the research carried out, the practical conclusions for the regional politics were formulated. The research helped to identify and judge the state of the preparation of planning works in relation to the forming of spatial structure in the country. The analysis shows that the state of the planning works in the municipalities especially in relation to local plans, is unsatisfactory especially in urban areas. The planning predictions, contained in Priorities and Conditions… should be also critically judged. They are unrealistic, inconsistent with the real socio-economic situation. In the future it is necessary to develop a detailed monitoring system for the spatial planning on a regional, sub-regional and local scale.
EN
The subject of the study is to determine the principles of investment planning in rural areas with the participation of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. The paper discusses the principles of programming financial perspective 2014-2020, taking into account the need to coordinate support from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the Structural and Cohesion Funds. Attention has been paid to the need to coordinate support from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development in territorial terms, taking into account the standards of planning. Rural development should address the concern of its multi – functionality, where apart from the production function development of other functions to ensure the environmental protection, to maintain natural landscape and traditional cultural values are also assumed. Such approach requires taking into account the role of planning in view both strategic and development as well as spatial aspect.
EN
The article presents selected issues of mutual acts relations that are referred in the Nature Conservation Act and Spatial Planning and Land Development Act with regard to agriculture. It points out the position of systemic farmer in natural areas of precious value. Particular attention was put on implementing restrictions on the exercise of agricultural property ownership rights as a result of established acts of planning and conservation plans. It was also specified de lege ferenda postulates for supporting farmers.
EN
„Stolicą Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej jest Warszawa” – te słowa zawarte w Konstytucji RP powinny również odzwierciedlać znaczenie Warszawy w polskim systemie ładu publicznego, w tym jej znaczenie w systemie planowania przestrzennego. Zasadniczo, szczególnie w Europie, duże stolice w rozumieniu aglomeracji, czy też raczej metropolii, mają status ponad lokalny, najczęściej regionalny, niezależnie od ich wewnętrznej organizacji. Oznacza to, że takie obszary metropolitalne podlegają co najmniej dwóm reżimom planowania przestrzennego: lokalnemu (zasadniczo na poziomie gminy) oraz metropolitalnemu. Mimo bogatych tradycji w tym zakresie Warszawa nie posiada obecnie instrumentów planowania metropolitalnego. Artykuł przedstawia tradycję warszawskiego planowania metropolitalnego, obowiązujące regulacje prawne oraz próby przywrócenia niezbędnych mechanizmów planowania metropolitalnego.
EN
Activity connected directly with preventing results of environmental degradation that are negative for health creates for public authority a sphere of action which combines both environmental protection and health protection. Environmental protection is a legal term with its definition in Art. 3 of Environmental Protection Act of 27 April 2001. Direct connection between environmental protection and health protection finds its reflection in the Act of 28 July 2005 on medical care, health care, health care protection areas and health care communities (called the Act on health resorts). This article contains an analysis of legal conditions connected with awarding a community the status of a health resort, according to the provisions of the Act of 27 March 2003 on spatial planning and development, as well as to the provisions of the above mentioned Act on health resorts.
EN
In today's world the general idea has arisen that tourism management should stand in accord with the sustainable development which is one of the priorities of the territorial policy of the European Union. This concept has been reflected in numerous European documents, which emphasize the necessity for the reinforcement of the regional identity and for the preservation of natural and cultural heritage. The main assumption of hereby article is the concept that tourism is one of the main modern anthropogenic factors, affecting the natural environment . The author notices that the „sentimental” tourism has remained stable for many years now. Such an approach to „sentimental” tourism shows the potential for the development especially in the case of Polish tourists to Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania, as these directions are connected with the territories previously inhabited by Poles, who left huge cultural and natural heritage behind. The aim of the article is to explore the topic of „sentimental” tourism in the context of sustainable development. This type of tourism is connected with trips directed towards searching the places for sightseeing, including the objects of tradition and history such as castles, churches, graveyards, mansions, statues and others. They all constitute the feeling of cultural identity. „Sentimental” tourism is important due to the fact that it evokes childhood memories and they convey the same meaning as they used to in the times of glory. The visitors possess various interests. Some are in search for the historical places, some others with those connected with literature, still others look for the places associated with their ancestors. Therefore it is so important to maintain these objects untouched in character which lingers in the consciousness of Polish visitors. „Sentimental” tourism also gives rise to the economic development of the region, ensuring work places for many tourist oriented services such as tourist information centres, historical monuments and buildings restoration and conservation institutions. It also contributes to the development of agriculture in the context of sustainability.
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EN
Transformations of the functional and spatial structure of the city are a process in which spontaneous phenomena may occur. Designers of urban space may draw inspiration from the spontaneous activity in the natural environment. In the city, which is considered man’s natural habitat, spontaneous actions of the users of space generate chaos, but also initiate a new order. By using a variety of spatial planning instruments, one may prevent the possible destructive consequences of spontaneity. In this regard, the principles of shaping urban spaces inside culture parks are of particular importance.
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