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EN
  This study investigates in situ art of recent art history and its potential regarding the reconstruction of public space and its meanings. Paradigms of art and architecture conjugation in site specific interventions are examined with a view to answer questions such as the transformative role art can play when it constitutes a plastic phenomenon functioning in a complementary or reactive way as a part of the urban and social space. In situ’s art sculptural objects, due to their transitional form, serve as metaphors for space and time and their condition of constant change in the everyday life of the city. They constitute a physical input in the urban space that seeks to redefine its material boundaries and highlight the interaction between the individual and the city seen as an incomplete entity in a constant re-casting. Through the practice of repetition and movement, sculptural objects are put in dialogue with the objects we come into contact daily, taking part into a new aesthetic reality. It is about a process of re-configurating of the everyday aesthetics of the city, challenging the relationship between art and architecture and thus offering new modes of spatialisation. By examining specific paradigms from the in situ art of the second half of the twentieth century (e.g. Aldo Van Eyck, Daniel Buren, Rachel Whiteread), this paper, seeks to unveil the process of activating the coexistence of the visible and the invisible, the inside and the outside, the private and the collective that this specific artistic process offers in material terms. The main question that this paper seeks to answer is how in situ art- e specially when oscillating between art and architecture- affect the everyday flow of the undifferentiated space and time? How does it shape the coexistence and interaction between city’s objects and subjects? Which alternative – discursive – reality does it offer?
EN
Despite more than a century of history of psychological research on education, we are unable to clearly define the subject and specific tasks and goals of educational psychology as a separate subdiscipline. There is also the lack of one, general and comprehensive psychological theory of education, describing and explaining in a satisfactory way the complexity of educational phenomena. The presented considerations leads to the statement that educational psychology is an area of application rather than a unique category of research subject matter.
Forum Pedagogiczne
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2019
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vol. 9
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issue 2/1
283-295
PL
The goal of this article is to show the peculiarity of sexual addiction – a manifestation of behavioral addiction – characteristics, specificity, dynamics of development, degrees of sex addiction, negative consequences for a person and her or his environment, families and relatives, and forms of therapy.
EN
This paper deals with the information function of two nominal suffixes, -i appearing in all nouns, and -n- in first- and second-person pronouns in Basketo, a North Omotic language predominantly spoken in the Basketo Special Woreda in Ethiopia. The suffix -i is often described as nominative. However, object nouns without definite marker can be marked by -i, and as a result -i can appear in both subject and object in the same sentence. We analyze morpheme -i as a marker of specificity. Suffix -n- distinguishes short and long forms of the first- and second-person subject pronoun. The short form is the same as the possessive. In general, possessive does not bear any pragmatic information in discourse. Likewise, short pronouns also show no pragmatic function, but show what is subject or agent in a clause. On the other hand, long pronouns are morphologically and pragmatically marked. We analyze morpheme -n- as the foregrounded topic in discourse in contrast with zero anaphora.
EN
This paper is an extended Polish version of the article Emergenz, Spezifizitӓt und Entropie im Lichte der anthropozentrischen Linguistik, originally written in German and submitted for publication in the Germanica Wratislaviensia 144. First, a preliminary model of generating (specialized) knowledge will be proposed, which was built across anthropocentric linguistics, the concept of emergence and selected research in the field of neurobiology. The model is aimed at offering a possible solution to the problem of interdependence between human language skills and knowledge generating. Second, a redefinition of the terms specificity and entropy in the light of the anthropocentric theory of human languages will be outlined. It has to be highlighted that the present considerations are merely a theoretical draft which requires a more solid linguistic, philosophical and neurobiological foundation.
EN
Objectives This study aims to test the validity of the IPD-Work Consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ). Material and Methods A random population sample (N = 682) of all middle-aged Malmö males and females was given a questionnaire with the 14-item JCQ and 11-item DCQ for the job control and job demands. The JCQ job control and job demands scores were calculated in 3 different ways: using the 14-item JCQ standard scale formulas (method 1); dropping 3 job control items and using the 11-item JCQ standard scale formulas with additional scale weights (method 2); and the approach of the IPD Group (method 3), dropping 3 job control items, but using the simple 11-item summation-based scale formulas. The high job strain was defined as a combination of high demands and low control. Results Between the 2 questionnaires, false negatives for the high job strain were much greater than false positives (37–49% vs. 7–13%). When the method 3 was applied, the sensitivity of the JCQ for the high job strain against the DCQ was lowest (0.51 vs. 0.60–0.63 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied), although the specificity was highest (0.93 vs. 0.87–0.89 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied). The prevalence of the high job strain with the JCQ (the method 3 was applied) was considerably lower (4–7%) than with the JCQ (the methods 1 and 2 were applied) and the DCQ. The number of congruent cases for the high job strain between the 2 questionnaires was smallest when the method 3 was applied. Conclusions The IPD-Work Consortium approach showed 2 major weaknesses to be used for epidemiological studies on the high job strain and health outcomes as compared to the standard JCQ methods: the greater misclassification of the high job strain and lower prevalence of the high job strain.
EN
The article deals with the issues of the definition of phraseology, classification of phraseologisms, and focuses on the principles of teaching phraseologisms for foreigners. The purpose of the article is to show the criteria of selection of phraseological units for their application in the process of studying Ukrainian as a foreign language, to describe the principles of presenting phraseologisms for a foreign language audience. The criteria of selecting phraseological units for foreign students at the initial level are set out, namely: a simple structure of phraseology (words in the literal sense, 2-3 components, a simple morphemic structure); transparent internal form (motivation); regional studies aspect; frequent use of phraseologism. In the process of learning, the teacher is to form a linguistic and communicative potential, which, first of all, will increase the student’s ability to effectively perceive and master information. Language teaching should form general cultural and national component of the perception of the new environment, since in this way a foreign student forms a linguistic consciousness that facilitates the perception of language formulas against the background of common cultural and national peculiarities.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problematyki definicji frazeologii oraz klasyfikacji frazeologizmów. Badanie koncentruje się na zasadach nauczania frazeologii w audytorium obcojęzycznym. Celem artykułu jest wytyczenie kryteriów doboru jednostek frazeologicznych do ich zastosowania w procesie nauczania języka ukraińskiego jako obcego w audytorium obcojęzycznym. Przedstawiono zasady prezentacji frazeologizmów w audytorium obcojęzycznym, określono kryteria doboru jednostek frazeologicznych dla studentów obcojęzycznych na poziomie początkowym, takie jak: prosta struktura frazeologiczna (wyrazy w sensie dosłownym, 2-3 elementy, prosta struktura morfemiczna); przejrzysta forma wewnętrzna (motywacja); aspekt badań regionalnych; częstotliwość użycia frazeologizmu. W procesie nauczania nauczyciel musi stworzyć potencj ał j ęzykowy i komunikacyjny, który przede wszystkim zwiększy zdolność studenta do skutecznego postrzegania i przyswajania informacji. Nauczanie języków powinno stanowić część składową kulturowo-narodowego postrzegania nowego środowiska. Tylko wówczas bowiem student obcojęzyczny uzyskuje świadomość językową, która ułatwi mu postrzeganie formuł językowych na tle ogólnej kulturowo-narodowej specyfiki.
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EN
The article entitled Polish Theology Viewed from a Roman Perspective is the fruit of the author’s reflection on theology in Poland, after a stay of nearly 20 years in the Eternal City. Apart from many critical insights, it also contains several proposals concerning the renewal of the situation. One of them is an urgent necessity to present the results of research made by Polish theologians in the Western theological journals. Moreover, the article underscores the need of publication of reviews, which could indicate the best editions of the theological works and original researches of Polish theologians, appearing in Poland. It suggests the necessity to create a central website which could provide information about the activity of educational centers and theological associations in Poland. The author also proposes that extensive research should be undertaken aimed at establishing the original features, which distinguish Polish theology on the background of theological reflection practiced in the West.
PL
Artykuł zatytułowany Polska teologia oczami rzymianina jest owocem refleksji autora nad teologią w Polsce, po blisko 20-letnim pobycie w Wiecznym Mieście. Obok wielu krytycznych spostrzeżeń zawiera również propozycje rozwiązania dostrzeżonych problemów. Tekst zwraca uwa- gę na konieczność prezentacji i popularyzacji wyników badań polskich teologów w zachodnich cza- sopismach teologicznych. Akcentuje również konieczność recenzowania godnych polecenia publi- kacji oraz oryginalnych wyników badań, ukazujących się w Polsce. Podkreśla konieczność stwo- rzenia centralnej strony internetowej, która gromadziłaby informacje o aktywności poszczególnych ośrodków i stowarzyszeń teologicznych w Polsce. Autor artykułu proponuje ponadto podjęcie sze- rokich badań mających na celu ustalenie oryginalnych cech, wyróżniających polską teologię na tle teologicznej refleksji uprawianej na Zachodzie.
EN
ackground. Wearable resistance (WR) is used in sports training with the aim of increasing performance by enabling sport-specific movements to occur with additional loading. Problem and aim. Despite its potential to allow athletes to move more specifically, studies examining WR during kicking in taekwondo are scarce. The purpose of this study is to determine the acute effects of loading in WR on the kinetics and kinematics during taekwondo axe kicks.Material and methods. Thirty (N=30) university taekwondo athletes have been recruited as participants in this study. Participants performed a middle axe kick with WR loading worn at the lower body (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of body mass) during the execution. A high-speed motion capture system was used to analyse kinematic data (kicking velocity and kicking time) while the force plate was used to measure ground reaction force (GRF). Results. Results showed there was a significant change in kicking kinematics (kicking time was longer and there was a decrease in kicking velocity) as the WR load increased. There was a significant increase of GRF on the supporting leg as WR loads attached increased. Conclusions. In conclusion, WR loading of 5% body mass and higher at the lower body affected the biomechanics of the middle axe kick. Although mechanically affected the movement, future studies are suggested to investigate the chronic effects of these loading. The implications of this study can be used as a guideline for choosing proper WR loading to be used in training.
PL
Tło. Strój sportowy z obciążnikami (WR) jest stosowany w treningu sportowym w celu zwiększenia wydajności poprzez umożliwienie wykonywania ruchów specyficznych dla sportu przy dodatkowym obciążeniu. Problem i cel. Pomimo możliwości umożliwienia sportowcom poruszania się w bardziej szczególny sposób, badania analizujące WR podczas kopnięć w taekwondo są rzadkie. Celem niniejszego badania było określenie gwałtownego wpływu stoju z obciążnikami na kinetykę i kinematykę podczas kopnięcia opadającego w taekwondo. Materiał i metody. Trzydziestu (N = 30) uniwersyteckich zawodników taekwondo zostało zrekrutowanych jako uczestnicy tego badania. Wykonywali oni środkowe kopnięcie opadające z obciążeniem WR noszonym w dolnej części ciała (0%, 5%, 10% i 15% masy ciała). Do analizy danych kinematycznych (prędkość kopnięcia i czas kopnięcia) wykorzystano szybki system przechwytywania ruchu, natomiast do pomiaru siły reakcji podłoża (GRF) użyto płyty siłowej. Wyniki. Wyniki pokazały, że nastąpiła znacząca zmiana w kinematyce kopnięć (czas kopnięcia był dłuższy, prędkość kopnięcia spadła) wraz ze wzrostem obciążenia WR. Zaobserwowano znaczący wzrost GRF na nodze podpierającej wraz ze wzrostem obciążenia WR. Wnioski. Podsumowując, obciążenie WR wynoszące 5% masy ciała i więcej w dolnej części ciała wpłynęło na biomechanikę środkowego kopnięcia opadającego. Chociaż mechanicznie wpłynęło to na ruch, sugeruje się przyszłe badania w celu zbadania przewlekłych skutków tych obciążeń. Implikacje tego badania mogą być wykorzystane jako wytyczne do wyboru odpowiedniego obciążenia WR do wykorzystania w treningu.
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Istnienie i jego pojęcie

51%
RU
Предметом статьи является попытка ответа на вопрос о возможности определения существования как категории, с которой начинается размышление о том, что такое бытие. В первую очередь автор указывает, что это понятие в античном понимании не использовалось как категория начал философских размышлений. Эту функцию исполняло понятие το οѵ (нечто), что традиционно отождествляется с понятием бытия. Существование – это категория, которая в философии появилась благодаря религиозным идеям иудаизма, которые переняло христианство, ислам и арабская философия. Предметом философских исследований в евро-пейской традиции оно стало, прежде всего, благодаря философии св. Фомы Аквинского, неотомизму двадцатого века, а также как категория бытия в философии М. Хайдеггера. По мнению автора текста, существование ощущается как множество и разнообразие моментов, а в порядке мышления представлено как единство (целостность), то есть как нечто (бытие).
EN
The subject of the article is an attempt to answer the question about the possibility to present the existence as the category that is in the base of the reasoning about being. In the first place, the author points out that this concept in ancient thought was not the category underlying the philosophical deliberations. This function performed the term το οѵ (something) expressing what we traditionally associate with the notion of being. Existence is a category that appears in philosophy through the ideas of religious Judaism taken over by Christianity and Islam and by Arab philosophy. It has become the subject of philosophical analyzes in European thought due to the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, as well as twentieth-century neotomism and as a category of being in M. Heidegger’s philosophy. According to the author of the text, existence in experience is presented by the multiplicity and variety of moments, and in the order of thinking is understood as one (whole), and thus as something (being).
11
51%
EN
The article deals with coreference relations in Czech and their classification based on the classification of reference types. First, we define the notion of coreference, putting stress on the distinction between coreference and endophora. Then the scheme of reference and coreference used in the annotation of the coreferential relations in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) is presented, where two types of coreferential relations are applied: the type SPEC and the type GEN. Analyzing several examples, we argue that this scheme is not capable of describing more complicated reference relations, which results especially from the too broad definition of the type GEN. Hence we suggest an alternative classification of the types of reference, employing two independent criteria: the criterion of genericity and the criterion of specificity, so that four types of reference are established: specific individual, non-specific individual, specific generic and non-specific generic. We deal with each of these four types in detail, and finally, we show how this classification can be used when capturing coreference relations in text.
Translationes
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 1
FR
Cette étude repose sur les principes de la traductologie réaliste, c’est-à-dire l’observation des produits de l’activité de traduction comme voie d’accès aux éléments et aux paramètres qui la constituent. La spécificité des noms propres constitue l’obstacle naturel à leur traduction au sens classique du terme mais leur potentiel sémantique peut, de façon naturelle ou par insertion dans des contextes de création littéraire ou pragmatique, générer des modes de traduction qui vont du littéralisme à la recréation, sans parler de ceux qui correspondent aux sollicitations de normes temporelles ou stylistiques. L’épistémologie du nom propre se construit en fin de compte dans le cadre d’une sémiotique qui intègre les fonctions du signe dans son contexte social de production et celles qu’on lui fait assumer dans les textes.
EN
This study is based on the principles of realistic translatology, i.e., the observation of the artifacts of translation practice as a means of revealing the components and parameters of their production. The specificity of proper names constitutes the barrier to their translation in the classical sense of the term, but their semantic potentiality can, naturally or within the context of literary or pragmatic creations, generate modes of translation ranging from literalism to recreation, not to mention those related to time period and stylistic norms. In other words, the epistemology of proper names constitutes itself within the frame of a semiotic approach integrating the functions of the sign within its social context of production and the function it comes to bear within texts.
NL
Deze bijdrage analyseert het gebruik van het lidwoord in het Nederlands door volwassen Tsjechische leerders. Aangezien het Nederlands de categorie lidwoorden bezit en Tsjechisch, zoals de meeste Slavische talen met uitzondering van Bulgaars en Macedonisch, niet, is het verwerven van dit grammaticale fenomeen zeer problematisch. Doel van deze bijdrage is om de belangrijkste problemen te definiëren die bij de verwerving van lidwoordgebruik in het Nederlands door Tsjechische leerders opduiken. De bijdrage geeft eerst kort recent onderzoek weer naar de tweede taalverwerving van lidwoorden op basis van de mentale en behavioristische dichotomie. Voorts wordt het lidwoordgebruik in het Nederlands beschreven en de manier om dergelijke problemen in het Tsjechisch uit te drukken. Bepaalde kenmerken van lidwoorden, zoals bepaaldheid, specificiteit en grammaticaal geslacht worden bediscussieerd. Tenslotte wordt een foutenanalyse uitgevoerd om de grootste struikelblokken van het lidwoordgebruik in het Nederlands door volwassen Tsjechische leerders te bepalen.
PL
Artykuł analizuje użycie niderlandzkich rodzajników przez dorosłych Czechów w procesie nauki języka niderlandzkiego. Z uwagi na to, że język niderlandzki posiada kategorię rodzajnika, a język czeski, jak większość języków słowiańskich — z wyjątkiem bułgarskiego i macedońskiego — nie, opanowanie tego zjawiska gramatycznego może być bardzo problematyczne. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest określenie głównych problemów związanych z przyswojeniem wiedzy w zakresie niderlandzkich rodzajników przez czeskich uczniów. Na wstępie autorka artykułu odnosi się krótko do ostatnich badań nad rodzajnikami w zakresie akwizycji drugiego języka opartych na dychotomii mentalnej i behawioralnej. Następnie opisuje użycie rodzajnika w języku niderlandzkim i wyrażanie podobieństw w języku czeskim. W dalszej kolejności omówione zostały niektóre cechy rodzajników, takie jak kategoria określoności, swoistości i rodzaju gramatycznego. Na koniec przeprowadzona została analiza błędów w celu określenia największych problemów związanych z użyciem rodzajnika w procesie nauki języka niderlandzkiego przez dorosłych Czechów.
EN
This paper examines article use in Dutch by adult Czech learners. Since Dutch does have the category of articles and Czech, as the majority of Slavic languages with the exception of Bulgarian and Macedonian, does not, the acquisition of this grammatical phenomenon can be very problematic. The aim of this paper is to define the main issues involved in the article acquisition in Dutch by Czech learners. Firstly, the paper briefly refers to recent research on second language acquisition of articles based on the mentalistic and behavioristic dichotomy. Further, the article use in Dutch and the way to express similar issues in Czech are described. Some characteristics of articles, such as definiteness, specificity and grammatical gender, are discussed. Finally, an error analysis is carried out in order to determine the biggest stumbling blocks of the article use in Dutch by adult Czech learners.
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