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EN
Based on the integrative concept of style, developed in the works of Professor Stanis³aw Gajda, the article justifies the allocation of prosecutorial professional style as a speech variety of business style, which is realized in a system of prescribing, requesting and informing genres. Analysis of the internal differentiation of the Russian prosecutors’ professional style shows that, along with stylistic features that are common to business macro style, this professional style has specific traits – legal evaluation and contrary relations of semantic positions, – which are expressed in each speech genre in a different way. Stylistical and speech analysis of these two genre models shows that typical algorithms of prosecutors’ professional speech activity are reflected in the models. The study shows that the professional style of prosecutors represents one of the types of speech activities in the legal field.
EN
The article substantiates the distinction of professional journalistic language as a variant of langue representing journalistic style, and implemented in three groups of speech genres – informing, estimating and stimulating. Alongside stylistic features common with journalistic macrostyle, this professional language has its own specific characteristics, expressed through faithfulness to the facts, social estimation and administrative stimulation. Stylistic analysis of even only one genre – stimulating – reveals that the professional and linguistic activities of journalists can be analysed as typical execution algorithms, using the aforementioned method. The article demonstrates that the proposed analysis of speech representations in professional language can be productive for the study of language in action in the journalistic sphere of communication.
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EN
This paper presents and discusses two main theses. Firstly, the author claims that, contrary to what is commonly thought, neither the subject matter nor the meaning of Kazimierz Wierzyński’s later poems diff er significantly from the topics taken up in his debut volumes. The poet never lost his youthful faith in the order of the world, nor did he quench his admiration for the work of creation. It is the main and essential feature of his poetry. Secondly, an important element of Wierzyński’s poems, which reveals itself in various forms and shapes, is prayer. This form of expression is referenced directly in many titles and often functions as the central theme of the poems. Moreover, many of Wierzyński’s works represent exactly this speech genre. His volumes contain poetic prayers differing thematically and functionally, for all seasons and all times of a day, for various holidays, celebrations, and other occasions. The poetry by Kazimierz Wierzyński is in fact one big prayer of supplication, humility, delight, and thanksgivings.
EN
Introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin, the notion of ‘speech genres’ (Bachtin 1979) is fundamental to discourse studies. It enables to describe messages from various fields within a uniform methodology, and discover (inter)dependencies between literary works and the repertoire of genres used in other areas of communication, whilst also providing tools for comparison of the repertoire of forms of speech used in various cultures. The article outlines the main threads of the research done in Poland in reference to the Bakhtin concept. The most essential accomplishments include: (i) a description of numerous speech genres which reveals the dissimilarities of their modal confines, proposed by Anna Wierzbicka (Wierzbicka 1983), subsequently taken advantage of in the ethnolinguistic studies by this author; (ii) numerous elaborations on individual genres and their repertoire as used in various fields of discourse (primarily, studies by the scholars based in Katowice, Opole, and Lublin); and, (iii) analysis of the content of the notions of ‘primary genres’ and ‘secondary genres’ and of genre contaminations (Dobrzyńska 1992).
EN
The article substantiates the distinction of professional journalistic language as a variant of langue representing journalistic style, and implemented in three groups of speech genres – informing, estimating and stimulating. Alongside stylistic features common with journalistic macrostyle, this professional language has its own specific characteristics, expressed through faithfulness to the facts, social estimation and administrative stimulation. Stylistic analysis of even only one genre – stimulating – reveals that the professional and linguistic activities of journalists can be analysed as typical execution algorithms, using the aforementioned method. The article demonstrates that the proposed analysis of speech representations in professional language can be productive for the study of language in action in the journalistic sphere of communication.
EN
The metaphor - one of basic means of forming of the vocabulary of contemporary Russian slang - is been regularly used when the nomination of various speech genres of the official style takes place. Thus, the language picture of the world is forming, where the negative attitude towards official speech communication has been reflected. In a way, it demonstrates distrust of common people to the authority and power institutes.
EN
This text is an attempt at reading the relation between Miron Białoszewski’s prose and the urban space with the use of the category of urban practices and speech genres. In this perspective also literature becomes a type of urban practice, practicing the autobiographic space by Białoszewski The article demonstrates its meanings and functions. A particular emphasis was put upon the specificity of urban space and a “transmitter” of these practices, which is always “a transmission”, an active and meaning producing element of literary communication.
EN
The article contains considerations on Marek Bieńczyk’s literary output and his book Kontener, published in 2018. All essays from the volume manifest their autobiographical and literary character. The main aim of the paper is to make a diagnosis connected with the particular and common (mis)understanding of the relations between death and life, mourning and vitality, melancholy and literature. This objective is accomplished through essay strategies. In texts that are part of Kontener, the suggestive and expressive subject makes continual new inquiries in order to find the essence of their (Bieńczyk’s) personal, and especially textual, identity.
EN
In the article, Russian communicative values have been discussed. Such values belong to the best clues for understanding a national culture. The media speech material is an effective tool for researching the communicative values. The contexts with the lexical names of three Russian communicative values and tncir parts have been selected out of the contemporary Russian newspapers with an aid of the Integrum system, and then the counotative meaning of these contexts have been analyzed.
EN
The article is devoted to a separate variety of statements: statements reporting the content of other statements. The author refers to this type of speech as ‘retelling’ (Russian: pereskaz) and points to its use in presenting the content of literary works, journalistic texts, various cultural texts (film, opera, ballet, etc.) and, less frequently, also spoken statements. One typical where these forms occur are headlines reporting on the content of the following text and stage directions. ‘Retelling’ is characterized by specific ways of using the forms of the perfective and imperfective aspects of the verb and the use of temporal forms of the verb, different from the usual dependence of tenses (such as ‘future in the past’). This is justified by their metatextual function. In these cases, there is a transition to the second or even third level of temporal deixis, when events are not presented (as opposed to a simple statement) from the point of view of the ‘here and now’ of the current sender but, instead, presented as elements of the reality already presented in the previous statement and reported from the perspective of its author or recipient/interpreter (who may assume different time perspectives vis-à-vis the content of the presented text). A thorough analysis of the material illustrating the ‘retelling’ in the article reveals specific cases of synonymy between different tense-aspect verb forms.
EN
The article traces the evolution of the term coming out: one of the constituent elements of the LGBT discourse. The evolution proceeds in the following phases described in the article: a communication event – a speech genre – an art (literature, film) genre, while maintaining the name coming out, also in the Polish language, yet with the parallel search for its Polish equivalents and synonyms.
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