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EN
This article examines the cross-national application of American MMPI- A´s norms and examines their applicability to the Slovak adolescent population. The authors of MMPI perceive American norms as intercultural applicable. This assumption was verified by comparing the scores of American and Slovak population on the validity indicators, clinical, content and supplementary scales. The results showed significant differences between scores of the Slovak adolescents and the American norms and consequently a need for developing new norms applicable to this new population.
EN
The article presents an overview of changes in law concerning management assessment in Poland, as it pertains to public financial institutions in accordance to the implementation of relevant European Union treaties. The subject of examination is the amendment of Public Finances Act from the year 2001. Partial evaluation will be performed on the application of a bill dated from 2009. According to the author, this is mistake, as the original American bill (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) that inspired the European legislation, only requires the management of private firms to file such declarations. Meanwhile Poland decided to have the law apply to public sector as well. The article attempts to evaluate the last 15 years of the currently functioning legal system. Studies have shown that the current supervision system of management assessment is ineffective, ineffectual and largely useless forcing the employees to needlessly rely on risk analysis and resort to costly control mechanisms and procedures.
EN
Countries, which have problems in the field of economic relations with aboard, usually misapply basic postulates and concepts of international marketing, as modern conceptions for achieving competitive advantage on international scale. Accordingly, this paper work researches the role of international marketing in the process of raising competitiveness of the agricultural and food products. Global marketing is facing a stronger and more complex challenge that needs faster and more subtle strategic responses. Namely, it must expect rapid changes, complex strategic situations, stricter and more unpredictable competition and changing mental maps of management, especially in regard to the affirmation of social awareness about the importance of respecting the environmental, social, political, cultural, and other components of the local market. Because the tastes, needs and consumer habits differ significantly, there is also justification for market segmentation of agri-food products.
4
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Making English a New Latin

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EN
The paper looks at various aspects of the so-called Latin-English analogy and particularly at the ways in which English may share the fate of Latin in ultimately becoming a victim of its own success. A critical factor in the history of Latin was a conceptual split between its native and non-native varieties, which eventually proved instrumental in establishing its reputation as a dead language. The author wishes to argue that current proposals for a codification of English as a Lingua Franca, aimed at providing vast numbers of L2 learners with a pedagogical alternative that does not emulate L1 standards, may be regarded as major steps towards making English a new Latin: creating a similar split between native versus foreigners' English.
EN
The article presents conclusions drawn from the analysis of regulations concerning the issue of the content of business valuation engagement letter. The analysis covered regulations appearing in eight business valuation standards used in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Canada and the USA. Author also took into consideration two international standards. The first part of the article reviews business valuation standards valid in selected countries. The second part presents regulations valid while signing a contract for business valuation, included in analyzed standards. The final part of the article compares identified regulations, focusing on information that should be included in business valuation engagement letter.
6
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JAKOŚĆ ŚWIADCZEŃ MEDYCZNYCH W AKREDYTACJI SZPITALI

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EN
The article describes outcomes of the survey carried out on a group of Polish hospitals accredited by the National Centre for Quality Assessment in Health Care. The aim of the survey was to identify the groups of standards and individual standards that were difficult to implement, standards that weren’t implemented and the causes of problems with implementation. Hospitals have problems with implementation of standards in a field of information management, hospital infection monitoring, anesthesiology and assessment of patient condition. The standards that weren’t implement belong to groups called information management, anesthesiology and patient rights. The main reason of the problems was that the medical staff don’t accept changes in hospital operation appearing during the implementation of Hospital Accreditation Program.
7
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Making English a New Latin

100%
EN
The paper looks at various aspects of the so-called Latin-English analogy and particularly at the ways in which English may share the fate of Latin in ultimately becoming a victim of its own success. A critical factor in the history of Latin was a conceptual split between its native and non-native varieties, which eventually proved instrumental in establishing its reputation as a dead language. The author wishes to argue that current proposals for a codification of English as a Lingua Franca, aimed at providing vast numbers of L2 learners with a pedagogical alternative that does not emulate L1 standards, may be regarded as major steps towards making English a new Latin: creating a similar split between native versus foreigners' English.
EN
In the face of technological advances and, as a result, the increasing threat of the loss of growing amount of data collected by financial institutions, it seems necessary to employ effective security measures in the process of information management. The necessity to implement information security management systems (ISMS) by all institutions processing personal data is reflected in national legislation. The requirements resulting from contemporary hazards and legal provisions are concurrent with the requirements of the international standard ISO/IEC 27001, concerning the designing of the information security management system. This standard is most widely used by IT companies, however, the financial sector that collects and a processes huge amount of personal data, constitutes its significant recipient. Most of the companies certified by this standard come from the Eastern Asia and Pacific region, dominated by Japan, and from Europe, where the United Kingdom is the leader. In Poland the use of ISO/IEC 27001 is growing, yet the financial institutions that fulfill its requirements are still in a minority. It seems that from May 2018 on, national regulations imposing greater responsibility for the security of personal data on the institutions processing it, will bring the above-mentioned standard into focus.
EN
In the last decade or so, organizations have witnessed corporate social responsibility (CSR) increasingly becoming part of the mainstream business practice and expectation. CSR has, in many ways been institutionalized as a standard practice for mainly large companies, especially MNCs. At various levels, ranging from individual company level to international level, a wide range of institutional arrangements and structures of CSR have been established, maintained and diffused in order to provide “a logic of appropriateness” and “give the expression and direction” (Campbell, 2006, p. 926) of CSR. However, in the context of institutionalization, these institutional arrangements of CSR have not been examined systematically. In particular, little attention has been given to the comparative analysis of two leading institutions of CSR: ISO 26000 and Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI). Adopting an analytical framework based on neo-institutional theory, this article explores and analyses both GRI and ISO 26000.
EN
Although inclusive education has been implemented for over 20 years in Vietnam, the assurance of inclusive education quality for students with disabilities in general schools has not recognized either theoretical or practical perspectives. Little research has been done, focusing on just one or a few sides of this issue. Therefore, it is high time to do research on developing and utilizing a set of standards on the assurance of inclusive education quality for students with disabilities in general schools in Vietnam. The paper’s contents show some research results of a bilateral international cooperation project between Hanoi National University of Education, San Marcos University, and Missouri University (USA) from 2012 to 2016, in which the author of this paper was the project manager, and also refer to a number of related studies of other authors in the field. Based on the theoretical and practical results of the research, we have developed and suggested a set which includes eight criteria with 45 items to be used in general schools in Vietnam.
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 56 (2008), issue 2. This article is an attempt at systematizing the body of inscriptions that accompanied the heraldic and iconographic inscriptions on Polish military flags and standards in the course of past centuries. It presents the suggestion of dividing them into four groups. The first comprises property inscriptions, giving information about who the flag belonged to, who its owner was or who used it. In the second group are inscriptions called ‘funding’ ones; they contain data referring to the funders or makers of those objects. Commemorative inscriptions were included in group three; they commemorated important events connected with the history of the unit or with its tradition. The fourth group consists of inscriptions in the form of sentences, mottos or apostrophes, usually having a lofty and solemn character. In practice, inscriptions belonging to different groups often appear side by side on the same flag. Usually they contain important information and ideological content.
EN
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership represents a strategic vision of transatlantic relations, including job creation, global leadership, and establishing high international standards. This paper discusses how three recent bi-lateral and regional agreements, along with positions adopted in transatlantic negotiations, convey respective side's acceptable parameters, and how international standards are emerging from and disseminated through agreements involving the European Union and the United States
EN
The aim of this article is to trace the paradigm shift that occurred in psychiatry in the 1970s. This change had a key impact on the social perception of health and illness. The theoretical framework of the text is actor-network theory (ANT) and science and technology studies (STS), which deal with the influence of technoscience on society. Using the model of laboratory practice produced within their framework, I attempt to show how the creation of a new diagnostic manual resembled constructing an innovation in a special environment for the purpose of achieving replicable results and controlling the invention’s operation outside the context of creation. In the second part of the text I will deal with the new medical rationale, defining the concept of ‘pharmaceutical reason’ and linking its model of human health with the process of biomedicalization. At the end I cite research referring to the use of the diagnostic manual in medical practice.
EN
In the paper Ideology of canting talking – corporations discourse with regard to ethical codices author describes the phenomenon of canting performatives acts as a mechanism of moral usurpations in business ethics. The promises and declarations in ethical codices cannot turn out to be neither worthless nor significant, because there is no possibility of describing such a situation in which these declarations could be unequivocally called unkept promises. It does not mean that they are always true of course… Author shows that cant declarations of business ethics become to usurp the right to define workers morality. On the one hand it seems to be a beautiful bunch of declarations on the other the point is that corporation’s ethical declarations are designed for managing your thinking about morality.
EN
The aim of this paper is an analysis of the formation and functioning of the anti-corruption system of Ukraine: National Agency on Corruption Prevention, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, National Bureau of Investigation and National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes. The study stresses that despite the strong regulatory framework created to prevent and combat it, corruption remains a systemic problem that exists at all levels of government in Ukraine. The above-mentioned bodies have been created taking into account the European experience in the formation of anti-corruption bodies in the system of government, their activities are aimed at overcoming corruption in the country. The article highlights the feasibility of the existence and functioning of anti-corruption bodies and substantiates the importance of all their powers in the field of preventing and combating corruption. It has been concluded that these bodies need further improvement to combat corruption more effectively.
PL
Zgodnie z dobrymi praktykami oraz przepisami obowiązującego prawa uczelnie mają obowiązek formułowania sylwetek absolwenta, które powinny charakteryzować m.in. cel kształcenia danego programu studiów. W artykule wskazano na problemy związane z formułowaniem celów kształcenia, które powinny odpowiadać zapotrzebowaniu rynku pracy oraz wymogom stawianym przez Krajowe Ramy Kwalifikacyjne.
EN
In accordance with the compulsory legal rules and practices, universities are obliged to formulate the graduate’s profiles, which should characterise the aim of education for a particular major. This article points to the problems connected with formulating of educational aims which should fulfill the demands of labour market and the requirements to be met in order to conform to the Polish Qualifications Framework.
EN
The article analyses the possibilities of using the kamishibai audit in the area of quality inspection process implementation. The kamishibai audit is a tool of lean and visual management concept used, among others, in the Toyota automotive company in order to verify their compliance with standards. This audit can, in effect, contribute to the improvement of processes. In the article, the kamishibai audit was characterised, the characteristics of the audit that determine its usefulness in the area of quality inspection processes were identified, and an example procedure for the implementation of the kamishibai audit in the examined area was presented. The article also presents the characteristics of the successful implementation of kamishibai audits and ways of enhancing their effectiveness. It has been proven that kamishibai audits can be successfully used to evaluate standards in the area of quality inspection processes.
PL
W artykule opisano spory wokół sposobów zbierania danych na temat smogu w Polsce. Ramą teoretyczną analizy są studia nad nauką i technologią, a w szczególności badania nad rolą infrastruktur, standardów i danych. W części opisowej przedstawiono rolę infrastruktury pomiarowej w kształtowaniu relacji pomiędzy różnymi podmiotami zajmujący się pomiarem jakości powietrza, a następnie zanalizowano dwa wymiary konfliktu. Pierwszy z nich dotyczy kwestii metodologicznych i związany jest z rzetelnością pomiaru. Drugi natomiast – ontologii smogu, to znaczy odmiennego ujmowania problemu zanieczyszczenia przez ekspertów i obywateli, co ma przełożenie na praktyki społeczne
EN
The article presents disputes around the ways of collecting data on smog in Poland. The theoretical framework of the analysis is science and technology studies, and in particular the research on the role of infrastructures, standards and data. First, the role of measuring infrastructure in shaping relationships between various entities involved in the measurement of air quality is described. Next, the the two dimensions of the conflict are analyzed. One of them concerns methodological issues and is related to the reliability of measurement. The other is related to the ontology of smog, i.e. a different approach to the problem of pollution by experts and citizens, which influences social practices.
19
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Biopaliwa drugiej generacji

63%
EN
In this paper clasification and definitions of biofuels for combustion engines, with special focus on UE and U.S demands for fuels is given. Main feedstocks and technologies of biofuel production, also second generation biofuels, are describe, there is also presented current situation in fuels stadarization.
PL
Warunki kontraktowe FIDIC są powszechnie stosowanymi na świecie wzorcami kontraktowymi umów o prace projektowe lub roboty budowlane, mającymi w założeniu ułatwić realizację inwestycji budowlanej dla wszystkich jej uczestników. Praktyka budowlana wielu krajów świata (w tym Polski) chętnie posługuje się tymi powszechnie uznanymi międzynarodowymi standardami, mimo że ich charakter prawny różni się w poszczególnych państwach je stosujących i niejednokrotnie ciężko jest określić, jakie jest miejsce warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w krajowych porządkach prawnych. Nie bez znaczenia jest również pochodzenie tychże wzorców umownych. Kształtowane na przestrzeni lat w Wielkiej Brytanii, wywołują znaczące skutki w postaci swej prawnej odmienności ( jako standardy anglosaskiego systemu common law) wobec kontynentalnego porządku prawnego obowiązującego chociażby w naszym kraju. Nie do końca określone zostały konsekwencje prawne stosowania warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w polskim porządku prawnym, a także interpretacja postanowień ich klauzul (związana z koniecznością tłumaczenia angielskich w oryginale wzorców na język polski) nie jest zadaniem łatwym dla polskich prawników. Mając zatem na uwadze popularność warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w polskiej praktyce budowlanej, warto przeanalizować zagrożenia, jakie wiążą się z ich stosowaniem w kontraktach na prace projektowe lub roboty budowlane.
EN
FIDIC conditions of contract are widely used in the world standards of contractual agreements for design or building works, oriented to facilitate the realization of the construction project for all participants. In many countries (including Poland), construction engineers use these widely recognized international standards willingly, although their legal status differs from country to country and sometimes it is hard to determine what place FIDIC conditions of contract occupy in particular national legal systems. The origin of these contract standards is also significant. Shaped over the years in the UK, the aforementioned standards have significant consequences because of their legal peculiarities (as the standards of the Anglo-Saxon common law system), which make it different from the continental legal system in force even in our country. The legal consequences of using the FIDIC conditions of contract were not specified precisely in the Polish legal system. Similarly, the interpretation of their provisions (which involves the translation of original English standards into Polish) does not constitute an easy task for Polish lawyers. Therefore, in view of the popularity enjoyed by FIDIC conditions of contract in the Polish construction industry, it is relevant to consider the hazards associated with using them in contracts for design or building works.
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