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Test of multivariate normality using shape measures of the distribution

100%
Wagner W., University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2008
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vol. 216
EN
Karl Pearson, in 1990, proposed two numerical characteristics of the distribution of random variables i.e. asymmetry (skewness) and kurtosis (flatness). Their sample approximations allow to describe partially the empirical distribution, to find out if it differs from a symmetric distribution and if it is exceedingly flat or high. The measures of shape for distributions with known first four central moments are uniquely defined, in particular, for the univariate normal distribution they are equal to 0 and 3. It allows to compare distributions with known measures of shape with the normal distribution. Such comparisons in univariate case is done by means of standardized tests based on the third and fourth sample central moments. An overview of such tests may be found in the work by D’Agostino and Pearson (1973). The translation of shape measures to multivariate case was done by Mardia (1970). These measures significantly enriched the statistical description of empirical distributions and allowed to introduce many tests of multivariate normality. The distributions of these tests’ statistics using sample multivariate asymmetry and kurtosis are usually derived through central limit theorems. In the work an overview of multivariate normality tests based on the sample measures of asymmetry and kurtosis is given. The statistical properties of these measures are discussed as well as the usefulness of these tests with respect to power and sample size.
PL
Miary kształtu rozkładu jedno- i wielowymiarowych zmiennych losowych znajdują powszechne zastosowanie w konstrukcji testów jedno- i wielowymiarowej normalności. Przy ich konstrukcji korzysta się z pierwszych czterech momentów centralnych wyprowadzanych z odpowiednich statystyk próbkowych przy odpowiednich założeniach stochastycznych. W pracy dokonano przeglądu testów wielowymiarowej normalności opartych na próbkowych miarach asymetrii i kurtozy. Podano różne ich własności statystyczne, uwzględniające wielkości prób oraz postacie przekształcone do jednowymiarowych statystyk próbkowych. Załączone zostały również wyniki badań dotyczące mocy testów.
2
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The time to completion of a legal merger: General concepts, statistical analysis and the case of Poland

88%
Buczek A.
Operations Research and Decisions
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 1
19-44
EN
The legal process involved in domestic mergers has been considered. European Union regulations were investigated, as well as their direct transposition into Polish legislation. The process itself always consists of managerial, ownership and registration phases. Nevertheless, these phases are not homogeneous and may take different courses depending on the provisions prescribed by the regulations. Several methods of measuring the time to complete mergers have been presented. In the empirical part of the article, the definition of the private time to completion has been adopted which assumes that that the procedure starts by drafting the terms of the merger and ends with the registration of the merger. The influence of different provisions on this measure has been analyzed for the case of Polish domestic mergers. Moreover, statistical reasoning has been conducted for this market showing that several recent legal amendments have shortened the legal procedure involved in consolidation. Finally, some conclusions and suggestions for future research have been presented in the paper.
3
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Istota i znaczenie wielowymiarowej strategii zarządzania talentami w wojsku na przykładzie Sił Powietrznych RP

63%
Zielińska M.
Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia
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2020
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issue 13/14
88-101
EN
The research goal of this article is the multidimentional talent management strategy in the Polish Air Forces. The author presents some talents in the views: subjective, atributive, group, organizational and social ones. This article consists of an introduction, some theorial-research, and talent classification in an organization, a diagnosis of statistical results, and data, and applicative conclussions. The wide presentation is the introduction of talent management analisis. The crusial point is a diagnosis and a reference to talent management strategy. The various points of view of the scientists set up the next research aims. To sum up, this article doesn’t exhaust the theme of talent and talent management strategy.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wielowymiarowej strategii zarządzania talentami w Siłach Powietrznych RP w ujęciach: podmiotowym, kompetencyjnym, grupowym, organizacyjnym oraz społecznym. Artykuł składa się z wprowadzenia, prezentacji wymiarów strategii zarządzania talentami według różnych badaczy, klasyfikacji talentu w organizacji, statystycznego opracowania wyników sondażu diagnostycznego, a także wniosków. Niniejsze opracowanie nie wyczerpuje zagadnienia talentu i strategii zarządzania talentami. Różnorodne podejścia do tej problematyki przyczyniają się do zadawania kolejnych pytań badawczych i formułowania wniosków teoriopoznawczych i aplikacyjnych.
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