Search results - CEJSH

1

Jedinec v meziskupinových vztazích: od sociální kategorizace k předsudkům

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Kouřilová S.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2011

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vol. 55

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issue 1

12-24

EN

The review introduces key topics within psychology of intergroup relations. It focuses on the differences between (inter)group and (inter) individual behaviour as well as on conditions for their activation in various social contexts. It defines the process of social categorization that differentiates people into ingroups and outgroups. Moreover, the review deals with relation to the ingroup and intergroup bias both resulting from activation of intergroup perception. The relation towards outgroups is represented by the concept of intergroup attitudes. The triarchic theory of attitudes distinguishes among a cognitive, affective and behavioral part of attitudes. In the intergroup context, cognitive part corresponds to stereotypes, affective part to prejudices and behavioral part to discrimination towards outgroup members. Lastly, the review addresses prejudice and stereotypes from social- psychological perspective.

2

Specyfika opinii o Romach – dialog czy dystanse

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Butrym M., Popiela M.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2015

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vol. 25

175-194

EN

The relationship to Romani people is characterised by deeply rooted negative stereotypes and significant distance between them and the Polish people. Comparative research on representative groups of Polish, Czech, Slovak and Hungarian people showed that Poles declare relatively better attitude towards the Romani than other nations. The article presents the results of research conducted in 2013 among students of Higher School of Business National-Louis University in Nowy Sącz, Poland. The place was selected due to the fact that in Nowy Sącz and its vicinity there is a large number of people from the group that is considered to be the poorest among the Romani – Bergitka Roma. Although nearly 60% of the respondents have contacts with Romani people, their opinions reveal negative stereotypes, declared distance and the view that the Romani people should be excluded from political elections, which is held by 20% of the respondents.

3

Praktyki i dobre praktyki zarządzania wiekiem w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach

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Szaban J.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

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2013

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issue 3-4(92-93)

149-160

EN

This paper is devoted to the problem of practice and good practices in age management as it relates to the employment of older people. It describes how stereotypes connected with employee age are responsible for a phenomenon called ageism—i.e. certain managerial attitudes and behaviors preventing age management that can be seen as good practices. The paper analyses literature on the practice of age management and presents the selected opinions of managers on managing older employees as derived from the “Research on SMEs in the Mazovia Voivodeship” Report as conducted over the years 2010–2012 at the Kozminski University.

4

A longitudinal study of language learners’ images about Russia

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Nikitina L.

Journal of Language and Cultural Education

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2016

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vol. 4

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issue 2

103-117

EN

Several studies in the field of applied linguistics have explored images held by language learners about a target language country. However, for the most part, these studies focused on learners of modern European languages, such as German, Spanish and French and they were conducted in Western educational contexts. Besides, none of the previous investigations attempted to conduct a systematic classification of the language learners’ images. The present longitudinal study addressed these gaps in the research literature. It explored images about Russia held by Malaysian learners of the Russian language in a large university in East Malaysia. This article reports the findings of three questionnaire surveys conducted in 2004, 2007 and 2010. It was found that the images about Russia held by the participants were diverse and clustered around eight countryrelated aspects. Content of some categories of images was stable and changed little over time. Other categories were more fluid and more prone to change. The paper concludes with a discussion of pedagogical implications that can be derived from the findings.

5

Stereotypizacja fotograficzna w prasie codziennej

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Fichnová K., Šramová B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

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2012

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issue 3

28-37

EN

The article discusses the issue of stereotypes and their presentation in the opinion-forming press. The study is a part of more comprehensive research focusing on negative attitudes (stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, identity issues). In this paper, the focus is on the visual presentation of different groups of people – the photographs in the opinion-forming press in Slovakia (Sme, Pravda). Press material collected over six months was analysed, and the results showed that the media present stereotypical portrayals of groups (men, women, the elderly) and create a new kind of stereotype: child = problem

6

Język jako narzędzie poznania i komunikacji

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Adamska K., Instytut Psychologii U. G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2013

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vol. 17

EN

The paper presents arguments for treating language as a tool for cognition and communications. It articulates an opposite view to the one which considers language as an independent module shaping cognition and thinking. According to the conception of the socially – based cognition the mind is a controller of the adaptive behavior, and communication is a strategic action to which language is subjected. The model of the linguistic categories arranges words according to the level of their abstraction; and a number of research results presented in the paper indicate that there is a relationship between the level of abstraction of the words used and the inference related to events, emotions and memory. Recognizing language as a tool for cognition and communication leads to the acceptance of the necessity to widen the language awareness. This kind of thinking is supported by the presented results of research on the relationship between linguistic categories and the stereotypes, communication of the interpersonal distance and the process of asking questions and giving answers.

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The Problem of Polish (Self-)Stereotypes. The Perspective of Applied Cultural Studies

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Rotengruber P.

Journal of Applied Cultural Studies

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2016

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vol. 2

EN

The aim of the study is to analyse the stereotype of the Pole in the context of the Applied Cultural Studies perspective. Four basic areas of research can be discerned: other people’s variable associations concerning Poles; other people’s prejudices and generalizations that influence their attitude towards Poles; the results of Poles’ self-evaluation made on the basis of their current experience; the “social frameworks of memory” which shape the Poles’ ideas concerning their place in history. Since the purpose of this investigation is to reconstruct the mechanism of self-stereotyping, which involves scholars as much as the society they serve, contingent feelings about their situation are of secondary importance.

8

The Dark Continent then and now. From the land of savages to the land of wars

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Danielová V.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2017

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vol. 17

216-232

EN

This paper deals with the representation of Africa in selected British opinion-forming periodicals. The study is dedicated to a comparison of the images of the continent and its inhabitants prevailing in the 19th century, exemplified by „The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London”, with contemporary images represented by the British media, such as the BBC’s „Focus on Africa Magazine”. The emphasis lies on an analysis of the stereotypes occurring in the discussed periodicals and a subsequent defining of the similarities as well as differences in the stereotyping of Africa in both pre-colonial and post-colonial periods. Further, their effect on public opinion is emphasised.

9

Niepełnosprawni – przełamywanie stereotypów i barier integracji

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Szafraniec K., Szymborski P.

Studia BAS

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2015

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issue 2(42)

123-148

EN

Social policy as well as change of people’s mentality in Poland eliminated or mitigated some of barriers to integration. Nevertheless the disabled are still one of the disfavoured social groups. These barriers exist in labour market, in urban architecture, in social attitudes towards disable people. It is shown in this article how a stereotype of disable person has been changed for over last twenty years and how difficult is to grasp the scale of discrimination. Social perception of disability is diversified through different situation in which they are in and through different situation the other people are in. In order to present this diversity the life course perspective was adopted. For young disabled and their parents the crutial question is how broadly and how friendly the educational system is open for them, for adults – the labour market, the reliant seniors have to face another problems. On the other hand changes in social opinions and the role of media, NGO-s, local government are presented here. The empirical basement of the article are various existing data collected by official state institutions, organizations, sociological surveys and studies.

10

Linguistikforschung heute – relevante und aktuelle Themen in der Forschung

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Czaja M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 20

403-406

EN

The current linguistic research discusses, contrary to some accusations, socially and scientifically relevant topics. In doing so, it shows great flexibility, because linguistic ways to approach new areas are being constantly researched. The goal of the contribution is to present the contents of the anthology ,,Sprache und Gesellschaft – Theoretische und empirische Kontexte der Linguistik‘‘. The therein contained contributions have been organized into five areas by topic, which go into detail on selected aspects of the interrelation between language and society. In the first part the authors discuss what society and the groups within it are saying about language, what language says about them and, in selected aspects, the forms of that interaction are presented in more detail. Going forward the question is being asked, who should be in charge of language education. The protestant religion classes are being presented as an example of language education outside of scientific settings. Religious terms which are reaching beyond culture can be a tool of communication to teach new languages to migrants.The topic of the third area revolves around the origin of stereotypes. The main stress is being put on historical events and their misinterpretations, which are quite prevalent.Internet texts and comments are the main source of information on negative descriptions of some groups of people, as discussed in the fourth part. The therein contained contributions focus on the reasoning behind and forms of sexism towards women and hatred towards migrants.The fifth and last area shows case studies of language aspects in social contexts. Internet comments regarding a doctor's visit, vulgarisms at polish universities and the special asymmetry in legal advice can all be impulses for broader studies on these and related topics and phenomena.This publication shows an interdisciplinary approach to research. This way the examination of language within a context can be especially well presented.

11

Stereotype Bilder in Wörterbüchern. Das Preußenbild in den Belegbeispielen des Słownik języka polskiego (1958–1969), herausgegeben von Witold Doroszewski

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TESHAJEV SUNDERLAND E.

Glottodidactica

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2017

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vol. 44

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issue 2

215-231

DE

Because dictionaries contain cultural references, they can provide insights into the stereotypical attitudes common in a nation towards other countries and ethnicities. This article investigates the image of the Prussians presented by the monolingual Polish dictionary ‘Słownik języka polskiego’ (1958–1969). The author explored this topic by examining all the headwords in this dictionary listed under the following letters: A, B, C, Ć, K, Z, Ź and Ż. She then analysed all the example sentences she found that mention Prussia or the Prussians. Though the author found only limited references to these topics, the example sentences that do deal with them display a negative attitude, which is in line with the general Polish attitudes held towards Prussia and the Prussians from the Partition times to the People’s Republic

12

„Gracze” – Komitet Obrony Robotników w propagandzie PRL, stereotypach oraz dokumentach Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych

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Spałek R.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2003

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issue 2(4)

79-112

13

Cultural Factors of Aggression in the Public Field

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Młodzik L.

Political Preferences

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2019

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issue 24

57-72

EN

The analysis of literature on the subject indicates the occurrence of cultural stereotypes that hinder the adaptation to the conditions of the era of an information civilization. They are of a particular importance in the public sphere. Their main feature (disadvantage) is the stimulation of aggression in social relations, the manifestations of which deform the functioning of liberal democracy. Aggression as a cultural trait comes from the fear of losing identity and from the uncertainty. The dissemination of the patterns of liberal culture and thus the displacement of the restrictive culture are the ways of counteracting the negative phenomena associated with it. The development of this problem is the subject of this text.

14

The Population of Fejér County in the 18thCentury Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

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Sztana-Kovács A.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

169-183

EN

Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

15

“Je suis Muslim”: The Image of Muslims in a Bulgarian and a British Newspaper

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Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva D.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2016

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vol. 11

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issue 1

105-126

EN

The paper analyses the way two broadsheets, i.e. the Bulgarian Dnevnik and the British The Independent present Muslim identity within the span of two months and over the influence of international events such as the attack on Charlie Hebdo’s offices. The focus is on the development of the positive image of Muslims through the refutal of the existing negative stereotypes. The study is done on a comparative basis using both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis.

16

Bilder auf dem Teller – Bilder im Kopf? – Über den Beitrag der Kulinaristik1 zur Stereotypenforschung

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Szczęk J., Kałasznik M.

Studia Linguistica

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2013

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issue 32

189 - 204

EN

Stereotypes, defined as Lippamann’s (1962) images in the mind, might be expressed with the use of various means, also linguistic. A means of conveying stereotypes is often ethnonyms which evoke certain connotations and influence a person’s attitude towards other nations. The point of departure in this analysis is the discussion on language discrimination, and the subject of the analysis are the German and Polish names of dishes and their components containing ethnonyms. Our objective is to investigate whether the names under discussion are an indication of language discrimination in either of the aforementioned languages.

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Gilt das Stereotyp der polnischen Wirtschaft immer noch? Zu den Veränderungen in Polen aus imagologischer Perspektive

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Zator-Peljan J.

Glottodidactica

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 2

73-87

DE

The main focus the paper investigates concerns Polish-German relations from the perspective of imagology. The author of the article concentrates on the stereotype of the polish economy and compares it with the imagological standpoint by analyzing two chosen publications: „Viva Polonia. Als deutscher Gastarbeiter in Polen” by Steffen Möller and „Polen” by Thomas Urban. The above-mentioned analysis should lead to an answer for the following question: can the way of perceiving of the Polish economy be modified by means of well-known authors?

18

Gender Stereotypes and Elementary School Teachers

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Osaďan R.

Acta Technologica Dubnicae

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 2

25-29

EN

In this study we explored the perception of gender stereotypes among elementary school teachers. Respondents (280 teachers) answered questions about their perception of the suitable behaviour according to the gender. Significant interactions emerge between teachers’ and pupils’ gender. The primary purpose of this paper was to find out on how teachers’ stereotypes affect their behavior towards elementary school-children. Results of the research were generally consistent with gender role stereotypes.

19

Межкультурная коммуникация

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Witkowska L.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2012

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XVII

139-147

EN

What is intercultural communication? The influence of culture on communication. The conception of “professional intercultural competence”. Stereotypes and their influence on communicational process. I base my approach to lingual and cultural reality on anthropocentric theory of human languages. These are issues which the author of the article concentrates on: culture, as a research object of anthropocentric linguistics, is based on reality, where there is a man and his life experience in the centre; language and culture create a union; what really exist are a concrete language and a concrete culture typical of one concrete person.

20

Stereotypy w badaniach nad równością. Wstępne pytania metodologiczne

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Frątczak A.

Państwo i Społeczeństwo

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2016

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issue 1

29-39

EN

Egalitarian perspective seems to be an integral part of the theory of stereotypes. The link between the two is so tide that, due to various factors, it appears to be transparent. Yet there are still some crucial methodological issues in question such as: what types of stereotypes research models are the most suitable ones within the egalitarian perspective? Does the egalitarian perspective requires speciﬁ c ethical attitudes and imperatives? Does the egalitarian perspective applies to any kind of social stereotypes? The authoress touches the subjects referring to both traditional and modern research perspectives.

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