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EN
The essay is a reference to the statement of Professor T. Kaczmarek about the human right to a good death in Polish law. The starting point is recalling the provisions constituting the normative autonomy for refusing life-saving medical interventions, refusing abortion needed to save the lives or health of pregnant women and consent to organ donation ex vivo. These normative regulations are confronted with the criminalisation of the murder at the request of the victim (and under the influence of sympathy for her) and assisted suicide, as well as provisions permitting the forced treatment. The common ground is the principle of proportionality, as well as the provisions of the Constitution defining the protection of life and health, and the right to self-determination about personal life.
PL
The interwar period was characterized by the active development of national eugenics projects in Europe. A number of factors contributed to the interest in eugenics and the desire to implement them: the making of new states and consolidation of nations in East Central Europe, the need to overcome the legacy of the Great War and deal with social problems (for example, venereal diseases and prostitution), and the development of scientific and international academic contacts. Belarusian debates on eugenics took place mostly on the periphery of the more developed discourses – those in Russia, Poland, and, later on, in Germany. The Russian scholars in the larger university centres contributed to the development of the Soviet eugenics project, which gained the support of the Soviet authorities. In the first decade of their rule, the Bolsheviks were not against debates on eugenics about how to improve the ‘nature of man’. The Soviet eugenics project, which focused on studying problems of heredity, genetics, and genealogy, was stopped when the authorities placed rigid ideological controls over science. In Soviet Belarus, no academic circle appeared that engaged in the debates on eugenics. The development of the eugenics movement in Poland was closely linked to the formation of the newly established Polish state. After the Great War, the Polish eugenics movement made attempts to integrate itself into the public life of the country. Polish medical doctors contributed to the development of the eugenics movement. During the Second World War, a group of Belarusian nationalists tried to formulate a basis for a Belarusian racial eugenics project, following the main ideas of Nazi ‘racial hygiene’.
EN
Church – faithful to the mission commissioned by Christ – take successively the topics that appear throughout the history of mankind, which are the result of scientific development and progress of civilization, and increasing the possibility of interfering with the processes of life – from procreation, and the dying ending. Undoubtedly, the field of interference in human procreation is the one that because of the tremendous progress achieved and the personal good, especially endangered in its activities – requires special vigilance of the Church. Therefore, in this publication is presented clear moral teaching of the Church concerning the abuses in the field of procreation. For the fundamental fraud, which became the subject of moral reflection should include: contraception, morning after pill, sterilization and abortion, in vitro fertilization and cloning. It should be noted that all these issues related to human reproduction right contradict the Christian tradition for centuries, and above all the Church’s thought for contemporary view of marriage, family, sexuality and fertility. Break for inner unity, mutuality and the need for relationships between spouses, but also the relationships between parents and offspring. For this reason, must be evaluated negatively. These phenomena are in fact the opposite nature – sexuality without procreation on the one and procreation without sexuality on the other.
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EN
In the following article there are presented current regulations concerning conscience clause in practical medicine. The author points to laws being the source of conscience clause and analyze their subject; points and discuss restrictions of possibility to apply the conscience clause and resulting duties. In this paper there are also presented circumstances where conscience clause can have practical applications. Selected, the most controversial problems were discussed from the current law point of view. In the last part of this study author showed important technical problems following effective law – question of information from the hospital as it will not provide specific services and also question of payment for medical advice, which resulted in use of conscience clause. The goal of this article was also to get most wide sight upon analyzed subject, thus it contain many references to outlooks presented by doctrine.
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