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O pewnych kryteriach inwestowania w opcje na akcje

100%

Warowny T.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

2012

vol. 13

issue 3

243-252

W artykule scharakteryzowano opcje na akcje. Wyjaśniono podstawowe pojęcia, takie jak: termin wykonania, termin wygaśnięcia, cena wykonania, cena opcji. Do opisu ewolucji cen akcji wykorzystano geometryczny ruch Browna. Sformułowano kilka problemów dotyczących inwestowania w opcje na akcje otrzymując zadania programowania stochastycznego. Korzystając z własności ruchu Browna pokazano, w jaki sposób szacować prawdopodobieństwa zdarzeń polegających na osiągnięciu przez inwestora zysków na żądanym poziomie lub przy ustalonym poziomie ryzyka. Dla każdego z zadań dokonano przykładowych obliczeń.

This article describes the stock options. It explains the basic concepts, such as settlement date, expiration date, strike price and premium. To describe the evolution of share prices we used the geometrical Brownian motionWe presented the several criteria for investment in options and shares and then obtained the exercises of stochastic programming. Using the properties of Brownian motion, we explained how to estimate the probability of achieving the profit of desired amount or on fixed level of risk. For each of these criteria we presented the sample calculations.

Wpływ programów partycypacji finansowej na rezultaty przedsiębiorstw – analiza przypadku

67%

Kozłowski M.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

2013

vol. LXXXIX (89)

245-262

Wider and wider scope of research into the influence of participation on the results achieved by companies confirms the belief that the previous results are not satisfactory, and there is a need for conducting further, even deeper surveys which might contribute to drawing less ambiguous conclusions on the basis of the analyses carried out. It is also necessary to improve the definitions of particular forms of financial participation because their different interpretation by various research teams frequently results in obtaining results that differ considerably. This fact does not allow for evaluation of the real level of employees’ participation in those schemes, which in turn does not reflect the results achieved on the grounds of their introduction in companies. The previous research, although not very complex, show that using programs which allow for a participation of employees in profit and/or ownership is often connected with higher efficiency or other benefits achieved by companies and workers. The research into the employees’ attitudes generally show positive relationships between the implemented share ownership programs and employees’ attitudes and behaviors, although the strength of this relation is not very great, or in marginal cases there is absence of such a relation. It is impossible to draw more straightforward causal conclusions because of the cross-section information and short-term data panels. Additionally, there are only a few studies making use of long-term data panel in which it is possible to display positive effects in the longer run. Similar research conducted in the companies using profit sharing show a general, positive impact on efficiency and it is definitely stronger than in the case of employee share ownership schemes. Moreover, in the professional literature there is a shortage of studies which would analyze the mutual interaction of different schemes. One of a few such attempts are the research conducted by G. Braam and E. Poutsma, which make use of the international database of companies, including 5000 of the most important enterprises, which contains financial, marketing and other data. The research were conducted in the period 1992–2006 on the sample of 1878 companies, listed on the Dutch stock.

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1 Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

1 Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

1 Kozłowski M.

1 Warowny T.

1 2013

1 2012

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O pewnych kryteriach inwestowania w opcje na akcje

Wpływ programów partycypacji finansowej na rezultaty przedsiębiorstw – analiza przypadku