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EN
The aim of this paper is to present, on the example of Karczew municipality, long term financial forecasting as a component of strategic planning and to evaluate it as a tool for managing the socio-economic development in a local self-government unit. The paper has two main parts. In the first part, a theoretical background for strategic and financial management and forecasting is presented and in the second part, a case study of financial forecasting for the Karczew munic¬ipality is described. The main conclusion of the paper is that financial forecasting and strategic planning are important tools for the management of the municipal units if these are linked within local present budgeting and are implemented in an integrated way. Analysis of the municipality of Karczew shows that the current integrated strategies create a useful foundation for the effective functioning of the municipal unit.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano budżetowanie zadaniowe w kontekście programowania rozwoju. Wskazano na połączenie planowania i programowania z alokacją zasobów niezbędnych dla osiągnięcia celów i rezultatów zaplanowanej w ramach wybranych na dany okres programowania priorytetów. Przeanalizowano cechy i cele metod budżetowania w sektorze publicznym. Zaprezentowano w analizie porównawczej modele gospodarowania w administracji publicznej. Wskazano po analizie doświadczenia krajów OECD postulat zastosowania w administracji publicznej oraz systemie zarządzania strategicznego państwem szeregu narzędzi zwiększających możliwość skuteczności i efektywności gospodarowania zasobami publicznym. Przedstawiono model sprawności i wydajności zastosowany w Wielkiej Brytanii. Zaprezentowano metodykę przygotowania budżetu zadaniowego w kontekście cyklu zarządzania projektem. Ponadto przedstawiono metodykę ujęcia dysponentów budżetu w strukturze celów budżetu zadaniowego. Omówiono również systemowe rozwiązania włączenia budżetu zadaniowego w system planowania i programowania wieloletniego. Zaprezentowano przykłady implementacji rozwiązań zarządczych w krajach OECD. W ostatniej części wskazano kierunki postulowanych zmian w obszarze zarządzania strategicznego na poziomie kraju. W ramach podsumowania zaprezentowano postulaty wobec proponowanego w Polsce systemu planowania i programowania z użyciem budżetowania zadaniowego.
EN
The article presents performance budgeting in the context of development programming. The relation of planning and programming with the allocation of resources needed to achieve the planned objectives and results of the selected priorities within programming period was pointed out. The characteristics and objectives of budgeting methods in the public sector were analysed. Models of management in public administration were presented in the comparative analysis. After the analysis of the experience of OECD countries the demand to use a number of tools to enhance the possibility of efficiency and effectiveness of public resource management in public administration and strategic management system were indicated. A model of efficiency and productivity used in the UK was presented as well as methodology of the preparation of performance budgeting in the context of the project management cycle. In addition, the methodology of positioning administrators in the structure of performance budgeting was presented. The systemic solutions of implementing the performance budget in budgeting in long-standing planning and programming system was discussed. Examples of the implementation of management solutions in OECD countries were introduced. In the last part contains the directions of proposed changes in the area of strategic management at a state level. The summaries presented demands towards the system of planning and programming with the use of performance budgeting, which is proposed in Poland.
EN
The aim of the article is to illustrate the specificity of the new paradigm for the de-velopment of tourism as well as the evaluation – in its framework – of the selected stra-tegic documents concerning two underdeveloped Voivodeships of Eastern Poland, i.e. the Lublin and Subcarpathian Voivodeships. The choice of those two Voivodeships was intentional, since they are both characterised by interesting natural and cultural values, however, tourism is not a significant stimulus for development and competitiveness enhancement within either the national and international dimension. From the analysis of the selected strategic documents one may conclude that strategic planning of a new ap-proach towards development of tourism is becoming more widespread, though its possi-ble innovative nature is barely noticeable.
EN
The article is devoted to strategic planning issues in communes, districts and regions. The author presents his own model procedure standard for the construction of territorial self-government unit development strategy. It was constructed based on Polish self-government experiences, professional literature, as well as research and implementation studies conducted by the author in a few dozen of Polish self-government units during the last fifteen years. The initial part of the article presents conditions to be met by such a plan. The main body describes nineteen stages of territorial self-government unit development strategy construction. The crucial covered issues are: the decision about strategy construction, the choice of its executor, diagnoses, social consultancy, strategic analysis, mission, vision, objectives, strategic tasks, horizontal and vertical compliance, financing, approval and implementation.
PL
W artykule analizowane są główne zmienne makroekonomiczne, które powinny być brane pod uwagę przez władze lokalne przy planowaniu strategicznym. Analizowane są czynniki ekonomiczne istotne z punktu widzenia polityki krajowej w zakresie ich znaczenia dla rozwoju regionalnego oraz analizowane są powiązania między czynnikami istotnymi dla kraju i regionów. Dzięki temu możliwe jest określenie danych makroekonomicznych, na które powinny zwrócić uwagę władze lokalne chcące rozwijać swoje regiony, a także źródła informacji charakteryzujących wskazane zjawiska. Z powodu dynamicznie zmieniającej się obecnej sytuacji gospodarczej, skutkującej dużą zmiennością prezentowanych prognoz podstawowych danych makroekonomicznych, w artykule wskazane są tylko czynniki ekonomiczne, na które powinna zostać zwrócona uwaga przy strategicznym planowaniu rozwoju regionu, a także ich potencjalny wpływ na rozwój regionu. W artykule ukazano różnorodne mechanizmy, wpływające na rozwój gospodarczy kraju lub regionu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na fakt, iż miary (zmienne) ekonomiczne muszą być rozpatrywane łącznie, tzn. w ujęciu strukturalnym, a nie analizowane pojedynczo.
EN
The article presents the analysis of main macroeconomic data, which should be taken into account by local authorities in strategic planning. Analyzed are both: economic factors relevant to national policy in terms of their importance for regional development and links between the factors relevant to the country and regions. That makes it possible to determine the macroeconomic data, which should be taken into account by the local authorities wishing to develop their regions. Due to rapidly changing economic situation, the article indicates only economic factors, which should be essential for strategic planning of regional development. The article shows a variety of mechanisms, which have an influence on economic development of region or country. Particular attention is paid to the fact, that economic indicators should be considered together, i.e. in structural terms rather than analyzed individually.
EN
The Balanced Scorecard originated by Kaplan and Norton translates strategy into tangible and measurable objectives in four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process, learning and growth. These perspectives can be modified, extended and adapted to the specific characteristics of company. This popular and modern management tool is used to clarify strategy, vision, and mission. It enables executives to realize their strategy in the most effective way. In contemporary times, the Balanced Scorecard is gaining popularity and has an ever increasing number of applications in the areas of benchmarking, budgeting, Total Quality Management or cost management. Nowadays it is more and more often implemented in the management of universities. The article presents the example of developing the Balanced Scorecard model at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin.
PL
Strategiczna Karta Wyników opracowana przez Kaplana i Nortona przekłada strategię na wymierne i mierzalne cele pogrupowane w czterech perspektywach: finansowej, klienta, procesów wewnętrznych, wiedzy i rozwoju. Zaproponowane perspektywy mogą być modyfikowane, sukcesywnie rozbudowywane o kolejne oraz dostosowywane do specyfiki konkretnego podmiotu. Popularne narzędzie jakim jest Strategiczna Karta Wyników tłumaczy i ułatwia zrozumienie strategii, a tym samym również misji i wizji. Strategiczna Karta Wyników zyskuje obecnie coraz większą popularność i zainteresowanie. Liczba i obszary jej wdrożeń stale rosną, o czym świadczą jej liczne zastosowania m.in. w benchmarku, budżetowaniu, w zarządzaniu przez jakość czy zarządzaniu kosztami. Uniwersalność Strategicznej Karty Wyników umożliwia również jej przystosowanie do potrzeb szkół wyższych. Artykuł prezentuje implementację modelu Strategicznej Karty Wyników na przykładzie Uniwersytetu Marii Curie Skłodowskiej w Lublinie.
EN
Horizon scanning is being increasingly regarded as an instrument to support strategic decision making. It requires the systematic examination of data to identify potential threats and opportunities to improve resilience and decrease risk exposure. Horizon scanning may benefit from various retrieval techniques to augment the acquisition of data, though this involves a search for novel and emerging issues without knowing them beforehand. To optimise such a search, we propose the use of relevance feedback, which involves human interaction in the retrieval process so as to improve the results. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have carried out a horizon scanning exercise which showed that our utilisation of relevance feedback for horizon scanning applications was able to maintain the retrieval of relevant documents constant over the entire length of the experiment, without any reduction. This represents an improvement over previous studies where relevance feedback was not considered.
EN
Dynamics of changes in the environment increases the expectations of bigger effectiveness of the tools for the organization management. Until now commonly used tools cease to be effec-tive, what undermines their usefulness, leading to their complete rejection. This concern in particular to strategic planning, which earlier guaranteed the long-term development of the organization. A new paradigm of strategic planning model presented in this article still may be the groundwork to build a competitive advantage, even in such turbulent conditions, according to the author. The above statement approves his surveys among both Polish and foreign companies, in which strategic planning is still an effective tool for business management.
PL
Dynamika zmian w otoczeniu powoduje zwiększenie oczekiwań wobec efektywności narzędzi zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem. Dotychczas stosowane metody przestają być skuteczne, co podważa ich przydatność, prowadząc do całkowitego ich odrzucenia. Dotyczy to szczególnie planowania strategicznego, które wcześniej gwarantowało długoterminowy rozwój przedsiębiorstwa. W artykule został przedstawiony nowy paradygmat modelu planowania strategicznego, który zdaniem autora może być fundamentem budowy przewagi konkurencyjnej nawet w tak turbulentnych warunkach. Potwierdzają to badania ankietowe, przeprowadzone przez autora wśród polskich i zagranicznych przedsiębiorstw, w których planowanie strategiczne wciąż jest skutecznym narzędziem zarządzania.
EN
This article aims to assess the public management reform in Romania against a set of management measures that set a framework for performance in public administration. The article is looking at the bulk of reforms that were implemented in the last years and analyses the progress based against a theoretical framework made of four key elements: strategic planning – managerial planning – public policy analysis – transparency and quality of services. In its theoretical section, the article reviews the literature on performance management by highlighting its main characteristic. The case study reviews the state of affairs in Romanian public management reform, aiming to offer the reader a picture of the reform process. It tries to test the hypothesis that, for the reform process to be successful, the Governments will have to adopt a full decision-making framework of strategic planning, managerial planning, transparency and quality, based on a very clear roles and responsibilities of the key actors in the process and considering the experience and administrative background of the Romanian public administration which is a legalistic administrative tradition. A conclusion is that a performance framework is not yet functional in Romania, due to the resistance of public administration to adopt key elements of the performance reform process, to the fact that the reforms so far were only partially implemented, and in correlation with a normative and legalistic administration with limited openness for adoption of new public management elements.
EN
National security reviews are essential tools for strategic planning in the United States for over twenty years. In 1997, the US Congress obliged the US Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by law to conduct comprehensive quadrennial defense reviews (QDR). This law influenced American policy planning in other, than only defense, national security domains. The subject of the author’s interest is the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. In this article, an attempt is made to determine the influence of this review on the American national security management system and directions of policy implemented by the US administration, and to develop methodological and organizational conclusions, which may be presented to Polish political decision-makers in this regard. Developing answers to these questions seem to be justified by the need to determine what preparations should be taken to make Polish national security reviews more effective, adequate and economically beneficial for the national security system in our country.
EN
Within the framework of the USAID/UNDP project “Local Entrepreneurship and Economic Development” coordinated by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus a concept of creating tourist destinations has been implemented. By means of strategic planning 17 tourist destinations were created that have contributed to the established system of tourism territorial organization in Belarus. The strategic planning process involved the local community represented by private businesses, public organizations and public authorities. At the moment we can speak about the success of six tourist destinations that are new regional subjects for competition on Belarusian tourism market. Experience in creation of tourist destinations in Belarus can be useful for solving problems in constructive geography. References 13. Fig. 1, Tables 3. In English, summary in Lithuanian.
EN
Modern concepts of regional development are trying to reconcile apparently confl icted development business – enhancing the capabilities of competitive regions with the prevention of socially and politically unacceptable differences between and within region. Main aim is to present selected theoretical and practical approaches, including the tasks of the regional government, understood as the formation of the cohesion and competitiveness.
EN
It is important to recognise future conditions in planning because it primes future actions. Scenarios are useful prognostic tools, especially when the social and institutional behaviour plays a crucial role. The aims of the paper are: (1) to indicate the roles and the place of scenarios in the strategic plan building process; (2) to analyse and evaluate the application of scenarios in regional planning in Poland; (3) to transpose the research results on scenarios in local planning for their application in regional planning. There are a few documents in which scenarios are applied: three strategies for regional development and two spatial development plans for regions. The author analysed the scenarios in all of those documents and offered some recommendations transposing the effects of previous research from local to regional planning.
EN
The conceptual model of a medium of popular science content was implemented with consideration of its functional features. The algorithm of development, the architectonics peculiarities, the representation forms of designed model involve to take into account the requirements for the functioning of a modern competitive information product. The purpose of creating the conceptual model of medium of popular science content is implementation of the concept of mass media, which will ensure compliance with such system of interconnected requirements: presentation of scientific content in popular form; segmentation of the purpose-oriented audience; achievement of commercial success of the project; availability of an evolutionary perspective. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: comparative-historical, analytical methods of classification and grouping, methods of modelling, foresight and SWOT-analysis, descriptive method. The comparative-historical method was used to analyze and systematize data on the formation and development of popular science content; classification and grouping – to specify the thematic and typological features of popular science content; the method of comparison – to identify the common and distinctive features of different models of medium of popular science content; descriptive method – for presenting and substantiating the research results. The basis of the concept of modelling the medium of popular science content is the opinion that the successful functioning and competitiveness of the content medium is the result of strategic design as a mechanism of social management. The use of foresight methodology in the development of the conceptual model of a medium of popular science content gave the opportunity to take full account of the features of its stylistic and typological characteristics, based on the potential of integration of journalistic skills, innovative marketing and information technology. The creativity has the highest potential because of ability to strengthen all the basic principles: both during the formation (modification) of the creative concept, and during the formation and development of informative and artistic content, and during the implementation of convergence processes. This testifies that a creative approach is a necessary component of success in all areas of the functioning of a medium of popular science content, because it is directed to design original, innovative forms and methods of journalistic art, which in its integrated summary is capable to generate a qualitatively new mass-media product.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse the effectiveness of the process of strategic preparation assessed from the perspective of assessing the activities undertaken at the airport of Radom. The work was divided into theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part, the basis for presenting knowledge is a critical review of the subject literature, aimed at refining the concept of strategic planning and its significance in various scientific concepts. In the empirical part a case study is presented: Radom Airport. The planning of aviation infrastructure development in Poland is planned. Its effectiveness, analysed from a system- and resource perspective on the basis of reports, shows that the success of the plan depends primarily on the environment, in particular on regional and central strategies. Internal actions are secondary.
EN
Planning is a process of defining goals and identifying means and methods to achieve them, effective and relevant to future operating conditions, and therefore a diagnosis of a current situation, design and choice of goals, and ways to reach them. The main substance of this publication is to present research methods (methods of prediction) relating to the creation of the future of an organisation, especially a political organisation, or a country. They are: strategic planning and strategic review. In addition, the problems relating directly to the above methods such as limits to grand strategy, the Black Swan effect, the Tsunami effect, and the arguments against normative methods will be presented.
EN
A wide range of strategic documents outlines the “road map” of development of the existing industry to “Industry 4.0” in Bulgaria. Despite efforts at European and national level, the implementation of the “road map” for the reindustrialization of the economy meets a basic problem of how to plan without evolution to achieve a revolution in the industry. As a result of the realization of this problem, there is an absence of a clear European or national plan to implement the “revival of industry” with the available economic, social, and political contexts, but at the same time, a realization of short-term plans is observed, aimed primarily at using investment measures to change the industry from the “inside”. This report emphasizes the main challenges facing a strategic plan for the reindustrialization of the Bulgarian economy as well as structurally addresses the following questions: 1. What are the Bulgarian strategic and operational documents related to the implementation of a common European plan for revival of the industry to “Industry 4.0”? 2. What short-term measures should be implemented as the first steps in Bulgaria in this direction? Summary and conclusions end the article
Oeconomia Copernicana
|
2014
|
vol. 5
|
issue 4
139-168
EN
The new public management account requires an opening balance sheet which needs to depict all assets and capital. This is also true for heritage assets in public museums. However, there exists neither in Germany nor generally an ac-cepted international valuation approach, while at the same time there is a cut for public budget. As a result, the communes must decide on which area of responsi-bility to allocate financial resources and in what amount. With regard to museums, it means to define the tasks according to the strategic target planning, and to consequently derive the portfolio of the museum. The following article aims at designing a model for the challenge described. This is based on a trans-disciplinary approach and builds upon an extensive literature study, qualitative expert interviews and an evaluation in three existing museums. The focus is on the question of how art and cultural objects can be valued for accounting purposes. It is important to value the assets not only according to economic criteria but, due to the special task of museums, to also assess assets after their social benefits.
EN
Futurology (also futures studies) is a field of knowledge which has emerged as a result of the interdisciplinary problematisation of specific cognitive issues. The main objective of futurology is the creation of hypothetical scenarios for an alternative future in every aspect of human life, from changes relating to the life of an individual human being to changes within complex social structures, and, ultimately, in e.g. nations. The assumptions of cognitive futurology generally boil down to the maxim „probability and predictability in every aspect of human life”. In other words, the subject of futurological considerations encompasses all products of human activity, both material and abstract. However, here futurology is divided thematically and distinguished in accord with a given specific specialised task, e.g. within the framework of social anthropology (or, broadly understood, cultural studies) as well as of philosophy. Thus, one can point to popular futurology, or the popularisation of specific fields of knowledge through science-fiction literature, e.g. The Road (2006) by Cormac McCarthy. In addition to popular futurology, there is also analytical futurology, whose task is to create and analyse alternative futures. The proposed presentation will be devoted to this latter issue as well.
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