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CONCEPTUALIZING CREATIVE ECONOMY

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EN
In the present papers, the authors analyse the new phenomenon in the global economy, which is creative economy. It is only since 1998, when the Ministry of Culture of Great Britain announced “the map” of creative industries in Great Britain, the world-wide professional economic literature has launched intensive studies over the entirety of creative economy, the foundation of which were cultural industries. Creative industries constitute a sharply delineated economic structure, referred to by the authors as a structural entity which yield itself to structural analysis. The aim of the paper is an attempt to define creative economy as a structural entity, which would entail certain consequences in an economic theory as well as in the practices of both domestic and global economy.
EN
Evaluation is the fundamental component of persuasion, and as such is making the constitutive frame for political conflicts. It is a function of meaning, concerning primarily the expression of our principle and emotive attitudes to reality. Every persuasive evaluation must be communicated – carried by verbal and non-verbal signs, assembled by codes which organize emotions at three levels of: lexemes, evaluative statements and narrative texts (superstructures). The text describes the main practices of evaluation in political communication, following the premises of anthropology of word and mass media theory. Working on the examples from political debates, selected means of persuasive evaluations are tested. To recapitulate the aforementioned claims an overall structural model of analysis is presented. It comprises all relevant factors and contexts of evaluation practices in political persuasion.
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The long-term research of the characteristics of Czech folk dance melodies reveald that the songs and instrumental melodies from the collections from the 19th and 20th centuries be divided into several distinct musical groups. Besides the already described types of triple meter, “round and round”, „ländler“, „mazurka“ or polonaise-like rytmical.melodical structures there is also a distinctive musical type, minet or folk minuet. The present study aims to confi rm the subjectively perceived musical quality of Czech minets through the method of computer structural analysis and to present them in the context of so far published historical researches and musicological analyses
EN
The Second Epistle of John is one of the least commented on New Testament writings, with the vast majority of existing commentaries being linear. The authors of this article attempted to take a structural view of this short book. After discussing the structures of the letter proposed by scholars (part one), they proposed their own structure of the book, thanks to which the main theological idea of the letter (2 John 9) (part two) could be determined, along with a hermeneutical principle allowing for new interpretative insights into the book as a whole (part three). This principle can be put into the words: “having the Father and the Son.”
PL
As a result of an analysis of folk types 461 and 930 (‘protected by fate’) their thematic and motif-based intersections in the comparative framework of European and Asian literary tradition can be identified. At the same time, these intersections are inter-culturally valid. The research shows that an invariant semanteme of all the myths, folk tales and legends studied is the unsuccessful attempt of a man of high social standing and power to kill his successor, who has been chosen by fate. This ancient narrative motif also contains the famous Biblical motifs, such as the persecution of a child, heavenly omens and the fulfilment of a prophecy.
PL
Statystyka jako nauka kształtowała się przez wiele wieków. Ogromny wpływ na jej rozwój miały potrzeby władców w zakresie wiedzy o stanie gospodarczym i demograficznym państw przez nich zarządzonych. Informacje te dostarczane były za pomocą liczb i różnego rodzaju zestawień. W chwili obecnej mamy do dyspozycji wiele miar statystycznych opisujących rozkład badanej cechy. Należą do nich: miary położenia, miary zróżnicowania, miary asymetrii i koncentracji. Dzięki nim możemy opisywać zjawiska i procesy zachodzące w skali globalnej (światowej), krajowej, makroprzediębiorstw jak i mikroprzedsiębiorstw. W artykule tym zostało pokazane zastosowanie wymienionych narzędzi do zbadania struktury klientów mikroprzedsiębiorstwa jakim jest autoryzowany dealer samochodów. Dokonana analiza pozwoliła na wskazanie typowej sylwetki klienta, jak również tej grupy do której należy dotrzeć z ofertą, aby ją pozyskać w większym zakresie.
EN
Statistics as a science has evolved over many centuries. The needs of the rulers in the field of knowledge about the economic and demographic status of the countries they have governed have had a huge impact on its development. This information was provided by numbers and various types of statements. At present we have many statistical measures that describe the distribution of the examined feature. These include: measure of position, measure of differentiation, measure of asymmetry and concentration. Thanks to them, we can describe phenomena and processes taking place on a global and national scale, macro as well as micro-enterprises. This article demonstrates the application of these tools to analyze the customer structure of a micro-enterprise that is an authorized car dealer. The analysisallowed us to indicate the typical client profile as well as the group to which the offer should be addressed in order to gain more exposure.
EN
The aim of this article is to describe the personal networks of Ukrainian immigrants residing in an urban centre in the Czech Republic and to identify patterns that can help to elucidate some aspects of their integration. Social support networks in this study were created using the multiple name generator method. Here the generator was made up of six questions asking whom respondents might turn to for money, employment, housing, leisure, to discuss intimate things, or might simply be important to the respondent in some other way. Data-collecting was conducted in Pilsen, an industrial city with a large number of immigrants, and data were obtained from 30 Ukrainians. The networks were measured using structural measures (density, degree centrality and betweenness centrality) as well as common egocentric ones (multiplexity, frequency etc.). The analysis revealed that networks of Ukrainians are not very dense and consist mainly of friends. Friends are important in matters concerning housing, employment, and leisure. By contrast, family is important in more extraordinary situations – for instance, in a financial emergency or to discuss crucial issues. There is also a significant difference between the networks of manual and non-manual workers: manual workers are likely to associate with peers also working in manual labour and their networks are denser than the networks of non-manual workers. In Pilsen, Ukrainians do not form locality-based ethnic communities, and in a long-term perspective their personal networks indicate gradual social integration to the Czech society.
EN
This text describes the structural, comparative analysis carried out to reconstruct the role played by ordinary people in TV news anno domini 2015. Main evening news programmes of the three main Polish TV stations were chosen. It was found out quickly that an ordinary man as such does not make any important part neither of narration, nor of the agency of events. If it happens, it always must be balanced by additional, special function. Looking for these functions intersected with the observation that all main structures of news with ordinary people were highly homogenic, organized around the well established factors of media newsworthiness, led to the conclusion that there is relatively small number of such typifications. In its last part the analysis showed that the images and functions of an ordinary man in TV news can be constructed by seven schemes. In all cases they make the types of instrumentalization of what is ordinary – following the golden rule that ‘the mediatized normality must be abnormal’. It its conclusions the text describes every one of these patterns, using the theoretical approach of the gatekeeping, media culture and mediatization theories.
PL
Tekst opisuje strukturalną analizę porównawczą, której celem było ustalenie, jakie role obecnie odgrywają zwykli ludzie w telewizyjnych wiadomościach. Badania objęły główne wydania wiadomości trzech największych stacji telewizyjnych w Polsce. Na ich podstawie stwierdzono, że zwykły człowiek jako aktor wydarzeń występuje niezmiernie rzadko, a kiedy już tak się dzieje, stoi za tym jakaś szczególna, dodatkowa funkcja. Okazało się również, że struktury przekazów są wysoce homogeniczne, zorganizowane wokół czynników atrakcyjności informacyjnej i niewielkiej liczby powtarzających się strukturalno-tematycznych schematów. Wizerunki i funkcje zwykłego człowieka można opisać za pomocą siedmiu. Są to typy instrumentalizacji zwykłości, zachodzącej zgodnie z zasadą „zmediatyzowana zwykłość staje się niezwykła na wiele sposobów”. Typy te są następnie opisywane w kontekście teorii kultury mediów i mediatyzacji.
EN
Some literary techniques constitute rhetorical devices that are considered to be unique to the history of Japanese verse. Nevertheless, some English translations of Japanese texts lose connotation such techniques, and few studies of this phenomenon have been written in languages other than Japanese. This study applies the insights of two approaches, i.e. morphological and semantic analysis and a hermeneutics interpretation. The result is twofold. It offers a detailed linguistic analysis, providing many insights into the interpretation of these expressions; and accommodates the hermeneutical explanation given by M. Heidegger, showing the very core of makura-kotoba. First of all, I will give a brief review of previous scholarship on the matter, followed by structural and semantic analyses. Finally, I will attempt to use definitions of hermeneutics to speak about rhetorical devices of Old Japanese verse. Translations of Old Japanese songs with glossing and morphemic analyses will be given in the Appendix.
PL
Podstawowa uwaga jest skupiona na składnikach strukturalnych Światła z następnym uwzględnieniem charakterystyk ilościowych i jakościowych , a również konstrukcji zróżnicowanych według częściowej i liniowej długości werbalizujących koncept. Uznano, że Światło może być rozpatrzone jako charakterystyka „żywej rzeczywistości ” , czasami jest związane z egzystencjonalnymi doświadczeniami bohaterów z towarzyszącymi im aluzjami religijnymi. Będąc cechą rzeczywistości (świata ), światło może występować z nieba, wody, zabytków lub składać istotę miast. Różnorodność wykorzystywanych leksemów dla wskazania procesu lśnienia , charakterystyk światła służy tworzeniu obraza wolumetrycznego procesu magicznego. Najbardziej informacyjne są konstrukcje składające się z trzech, czterech i więcej składników , które przy pomocy porównywań lub konstrukcji jednolitych pozwalają na bardziej całościowe zrozumienie wydarzeń z tekstu przez odbiorcę. Słowa kluczowe : koncept Światło, Maks Fraj, fantastyka, analiza strukturalna.
RU
Основное внимание сосредоточено на структурных компонентах СВЕТ с последовательным рассмотрением количественных и качественных характеристик, а также различных по частеречной и линеарной длине конструкций, вербализирующих концепт. Установлено, что Свет может быть характеристикой ‘живой реальности’, иногда он связан с экзистенциальными переживаниями персонажей и сопровождаться религиозными аллюзиями. Как свойство реальности (мира), свет может исходить от неба, воды, архитектурных сооружений или составлять природу городов.  Разнообразие используемых лексем для обозначения процесса свечения, характеристик света, служит для создания объемной картины магического процесса. Наиболее информативны конструкции из 3-х, 4-х и более компонентов, которые с помощью сравнений или однородных конструкций позволяют более полно представить читателю происходящее в тексте.
EN
The main attention is focused on the structural components of LIGHT with a consistent consideration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, as well as constructions that verbalize the concept, different in part-speech and linear length. It has been established that Light can be a characteristic of ‘living reality’, sometimes it is associated with the existential experiences of the characters and is accompanied by religious allusions. As a property of reality (the world), light can come from the sky, water, architectural buildings, or constitute the nature of cities. The variety of lexemes used to denote the process of luminescence, the characteristics of light, serves to create a three-dimensional picture of the magical process. The most informative are constructions of 3, 4 or more components, which, with the help of comparisons or homogeneous constructions, allow the reader to more fully present what is happening in the text.
EN
The authors present a selection of sportspersons' nicknames and pseudonyms used in the Polish and European media. The onomastic material was excerpted from the press, radio, television and the Internet. Dozens of personal names of Polish and world sportspersons were collected and analysed. The material was taken from the texts in, among others, Polish, English, German and Spanish. This paper aims at a typology of sportspersons' nicknames and pseudonyms and it constitutes an attempt to unveil the primary onomastic and language-systemic mechanisms behind such formations. Also, their semantic as well as structural-grammatical motivation is discussed.
12
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EN
The aim of the present article is to showcase EU legal discourse as a unique phenomenon of supranational specialized communication and on the basis of authentic data analysis identify specific lexical items with a focus on multi-word expressions while considering their structure and function in the analysed text. The present analysis consists in researching a selected monolingual EU Directive in its English language version while using a mixed method approach. The results of analysis indicate that the EU Directive analysed in the presented structural and functional study contains a large proportion of multi-word expressions distinctive for legal language while adhering to the specific distributional patterns regarding the different structural and functional categories of lexical bundles. The article also gives an overview of contemporary scholars’ research accomplished in institutional-legal discourse and translation.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie dyskursu prawniczego, jaki ma miejsce w Unii Europejskiej, jako niezwykłego zjawiska międzynarodowej komunikacji specjalistycznej i, na podstawie analizy rzeczywistych danych, wyszczególnienie specyficznych jednostek leksykalnych, kładąc przy tym nacisk na wyrażenia wieloczłonowe, w trakcie badań struktury i funkcji analizowanego tekstu. Ukazana analiza obejmuje badanie wybranej anglojęzycznej Dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej, przy użyciu metody podejścia mieszanego. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że analizowana pod kątem struktury i funkcji Dyrektywa unijna zawiera znaczną ilość wyrażeń wieloczłonowych charakterystycznych dla języka prawniczego, które nie zakłócają specyficznego układu syntaktycznego rozważanego z punktu widzenia występowania różnorodnych strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych kategorii leksykalnych. Ponadto, artykuł umożliwia wgląd we współczesne badania naukowe, jakie miały miejsce w sferze formalnego dyskursu prawniczego i translacji.
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