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‘Path Dependence’: How Geopolitics and Culture Shape Divisions in Poland after the Fall of Communism

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Morawski W.

Polish Sociological Review

2014

vol. 188

issue 4

435-460

I examine two long-wave processes, geopolitics and culture, which I consider to be the main causes for the fall of communism and the beginning of the transformation. As a result of the geopolitical situation-in the shape of communism’s multidimensional defeat by capitalism-the national culture was able to help society use the new geopolitical context successfully. I distinguish two sequences of cause and effect: The geopolitical one, in which the sequence begins with geopolitics treated as an independent variable and an element shaping all systems, which are treated as dependent variables, i.e., communism loses to capitalism downfall of the state, for instance, the ‘Round Table’ downfall of the central, planned economy (economic reform) ‘S’ as organized rebellion theWestern model; and the cultural sequence, which begins from culture treated as an independent variable and a factor shaping all systems, which are treated as dependent variables, i.e., community based on national, religious, traditional, and solidarity values ‘us’ against ‘them’ industrial workers and the Church hierarchy supporting gradual change the ruined work environment and civil society Christian Europe and Poland’s mission in East Central Europe. I do not absolutize either geopolitical or cultural explanations (these are tools). I am closest to a configuration approach, in which attention is concentrated on all the factors that could contribute with ‘equal strength’ to forming a ’virtuous circle’. It is a relational approach, neither determinist nor constructivist (voluntarist). Structures and agencies possess autonomous powers of causal influence. There is a dual constituting of the agency/actor and the structure/system.

Morfostaza. Resentymentalne uwarunkowania sprawstwa w polskiej sferze publicznej

63%

Weryński P.

Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne

2017

vol. 19

issue 2

27-37

According to the author, the reasons for the contemporary state of the Polish public sphere should be sought in a historically shaped system of emergent structural and cultural properties. Causal analysis of that research area can be done with the help of Margaret S. Archer’s theory of morphogenetic structure and agency. The sustained interest of the intelligentsia, (and to a lesser extent the post- transformational middle class) dominates in the sphere of structural properties. On the other hand the resentments co-create, in addition to ideas and values, emergent cultural properties. They are factors supporting the socio-cultural morphostasis. Resentments of major social strata in Poland can be diagnosed by reference to their effects. Inconsistent structure, specific thought systems and their related types of interaction (Max Scheler) result in resentment that limits actions leading to structural and cultural morphogenesis. Impact of social structure and culture on social categories subjected to resentment result in: passive citizenship, lack of participation in the public sphere.

Według autora tekstu przyczyn współczesnego stanu polskiej sfery publicznej należy szukać w historycznie ukształtowanym systemie emergentnych właściwości strukturalnych i kulturowych. Analizy przyczynowej wspomnianego obszaru badań można dokonać przy pomocy teorii morfogenetycznej struktury i sprawstwa Margaret S. Archer. W sferze własności strukturalnych dominuje trwały interes inteligenckiego metauniwersum oraz w mniejszym zakresie potransformacyjnej klasy średniej. Natomiast resentymenty współtworzą, obok idei i wartości, emergentne własności kulturowe. Są czynnikami podtrzymującymi morfostazę społeczno-kulturową. Resentymenty głównych polskich warstw społecznych można diagnozować poprzez odwołanie się do ich efektów. Występowanie niespójnej struktury społecznej, specyficznych systemów myślowych i pochodnych im typów interakcji (Max Scheler) skutkuje tym, że wywołany przez nie resentyment ogranicza działania prowadzące do morfogenezy strukturalnej i kulturowej. Efektem działania struktury społecznej oraz kultury na poddane resentymentom kategorie społeczne jest bierność obywatelska, brak partycypacji w sferze publicznej.

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1 Polish Sociological Review

1 Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne

1 Morawski W.

1 Weryński P.

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1 2014

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‘Path Dependence’: How Geopolitics and Culture Shape Divisions in Poland after the Fall of Communism

Morfostaza. Resentymentalne uwarunkowania sprawstwa w polskiej sferze publicznej