Search results

1

Od subkultury do postsubkultury. Zmiany w obszarze dzisiejszej kultury alternatywnej

100%

Adamowicz K.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2013

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issue 2(29)

15-25

EN

The purpose of my article is to show the changes taking place in today’s alternative culture. As a result of these changes, the old, traditional terms, such as ‘subculture’or ‘counterculture’ lose their topicality and therefore should be replaced with new ones that would better reflect the current reality. New terms, which I define in this article postsubcultures and neo-tribes show the spectrum of contemporary alternative culture. The concept of post-subcultures refers to the fragmentation and fluidity of their nature, goals, and members’identities. On the other hand, the concept of neo-tribes highlights the continued existence of the community, whose importance has not declined in spite of all the changes and the significance of individualism. This article adopts a mainly theoretical approach, but at the same time reveals the essence of the actual changes in contemporary alternative culture

2

Descriptions of the Body: Violence in the Subcultures of Contemporary Romanian Youth

100%

Doboș D.

Linguaculture

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2011

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vol. 2011

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issue 2

125-133

EN

For a long time, with few exceptions, Romanian linguistics took no interest in native slang, but after 1990 this has made a dramatic comeback in more than one way. One of the crudest versions of new slang, with touches of violence and licentiousness, turning the unsayable into sayable, is that currently used by young Romanians. It has been justly argued that such linguistic outlet came as a logical consequence, after the demise of communism, of the former censorship and wooden tongue. The paper sets out to put this oft-deplored linguistic phenomenon into perspective and analyse the main linguistic means employed in shaping it up.

3

Football Hooligans in the Czech Republic: Selected Topics

100%

Smolík J.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2012

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vol. 2

75-95

EN

Since the 1990s organized groups have begun to appear in the Czech Republic called „football hooligans”. These groups have drawn the attention of the media, security forces, officials of the Czech Republic Football Association, and the broader public. This text focuses on selected topics associated with the phenomenon of football hooliganism. After a brief history of football hooliganism abroad, especially in England, it will describe the current status of this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. An important part of the text will be devoted to classifying spectators surveyed at football matches into three groups: the broader football audience, fans, and hooligans. Each of these groups will be given a basic description based on previous research carried out at football stadiums. Another goal of the text will be to present the sociological discussion about this phenomenon in the Czech setting, identify the main research avenues, and present some of the sociological studies done in the Czech Republic in recent years. Another important part of the text will be a conceptualization of individual terms, and a brief history of the phenomenon in the Czech Republic, and in the Czechoslovak Republic prior to 1989. Subsequent passages will present the legislative measures and specific laws that have been adopted to address the phenomenon of football hooliganism.

4

Miasto w przestrzeni językowo-kulturowej polskiej muzyki metalowej z lat osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

100%

Antas A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica

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2014

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vol. 2

169-182

EN

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the linguistic and cultural manner of conceptualizing the city in the lyrics of the Polish metal songs from the 1980s. After the analysis of the lyrics of nearly 300 songs, it could be argued that the city is evaluated mostly in a negative way, which is manifested by the linguistic means that are used to describe it. The gathered lyrics depict it as the “city of evil” and the “city of dread”. Inhabitants of the city are described by means of metonymy and personification hence cities “die” or “fall asleep”. There are also lots of expressionistic accounts that concern destruction of the city as the result of a nuclear disaster. The research material also contains citations that present the city as a loud, untidy and noisy place which overwhelms and besets the human.

5

To trzeba czuć w żyłach… [rec. Tomasz Kukołowicz: Raperzy kontra filomaci. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2014, s. 442.]

89%

Chylińska I.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 2

283-289

EN

The article is a critical discussion of Tomasz Kukołowicz’s book Raperzy kontra filomaci, which is an important voice in the discussion on rap. The publication was devoted to the connections between the creative imagination of contemporary Polish rappers and the artistic activity of Vilnius philomaths. The author in her review focuses mainly on the part devoted to the subculture, the elaboration of which raises the greatest doubts.

6

The Skinhead Subculture in the Czech Republic

88%

Smolík J.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

91-103

EN

This article briefly describes the skinhead subculture, its history, components, characteristics, values, attitudes and norms. It also presents the various currents of the subculture, with an emphasis on the current apolitical trend within this subculture. The article discusses not only the skinhead subculture in England (its roots, development, etc.), but also the situation in the Czech Republic. The skinhead scene in the Czech Republic is characterised by disunity, caused by political orientation and the engagements of its various supporters, who identify either with: (a) the extreme right (National Socialism), (b) the traditional current (patriotism and the classic themes of the original skinhead subculture), or (c) the extreme left (Trotskyism, communism, and anarchist or ‘autonomist’ currents). It is difficult to establish how many skinheads there are in the Czech Republic today, but one estimate puts the figure at five thousand people when adding all currents together.

7

Il dialetto nell’Italia postunitaria

87%

Grochowska A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 3

17-31

EN

Italian dialects occupy an important position in the history of Italian linguistics and are still present and relevant in the linguistic panorama of modern Italy. The purpose of this article is to outline the linguistic image of Italy by drawing attention to its dialects. Through analysis of the situation after unification in Italy in 1861, the author attempts to mark off functions and roles which dialects used to serve. In the second part of the article she concentrates on the phenomena of nuova dialettalità, or the new perspective and collocation of dialect in the Italian linguistic panorama of the 21st century. This article is a part of a research project dedicated to functions and uses of dialects in the Italian cinematography.

8

Geneza i rozwój subkultury hipisów w Stanach Zjednoczonych (wybrane konteksty)

87%

Mrozek J.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2017

|

issue 45

237-253

EN

The aim of this article is to present the socio-cultural context of the development of the hippie subculture. The author definesthe term ‘subculture’, describes the ideology and the lifestyle of hippies and presents a typology of its members. The text shows that the hippie movement was the fruit of its time but was also related to the social phenomena from the past and continues to be an inspiration for the present.

9

Rola kultury hip-hop w kształtowaniu się tożsamości młodzieży – wybrane konteksty

76%

Bieńkowska M.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2018

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issue 51

457-467

EN

This article was developed on the basis of my master’s thesis on hip-hop culture as a factor shaping young people’s identity. In today’s world, young people are increasingly looking for ways to express themselves and their values, which may be associated with belonging to different types of subcultures. Growing individuals manifest their independence by disagreeing with the surrounding reality and defying the prevailing social principles. It seems appropriate to belong to a chosen youth subculture. I will devote my attention to the subculture originating among the black Americans, namely the hip-hop subculture. The rap environment is very often associated with a pejorative phenomenon, vulgarisms, blockers derived from the social margin. In today’s times, in the era of ubiquitous openness and availability of mass media, in the consumer-oriented environment, hip-hop has become a part of the lives of most young, adolescent audiences. The article will also present the development of hip-hop culture in Poland and around the world, as well as the effects that it brought in the process of shaping the identity of young people.

10

Kas on alust raakida rahvuslikest subkultuuridest?

75%

Ventsel A.

Mäetagused

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2019

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vol. 74

175-190

EN

General interpretation of youth subcultures often largely ignores the national element, and in case it is included at all, then only in the framework of local changes in global music or style or cultural and social conflicts. However, my focus in this article lies on studying Germanness in the abovementioned subcultures. I argue that punk and skinhead culture is suited for the working class rebellion because it largely overlaps with the notion of local patriotism in Germany. When looking at the cult of locality in German punk music or loyalty to local and regional beer, this is something that one can also observe among non-subculture individuals. The article exemplifies how the multitude of subcultural styles supports certain anti-glocalisation trends, and how music, style, and alcohol are used to express genuine working class values, political views, and identity concepts.

11

Radical Islam as a Means of Self-Realization for the North Caucasian Youth: From the Terrorist-Criminal Groups to the Beginnings of the Creation of a New, Less Controlled Subculture

75%

Janelidze N.

Historia i Polityka

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2015

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issue 14(21)

101-109

EN

Radical Islam with its various types of manifestations is one of the significant challenges facing the modern world. This problem has also affected the societies of autonomous republics bordering Georgia to the north. In today’s North Caucasus, the activity of radical Islam followers has reached beyond the political (in many cases terrorist) niche and has acquired quasi-social characteristics. Furthermore, the facts and tendencies indicate that this part of the society (in this case youth) purposefully or unintentionally creates the so-called uncontrolled and/or less controlled subculture with different opinions, views, ideology, behaviors, in many cases clothes, hairstyle, etc. Radical Islam (in this case as a doctrine) regulates human conduct – provides advice, dictates how to act, and in fact it sets a dogma how to dress, how to behave in public, how to live, etc. Wahhabis/Salafis are forbidden to smoke tobacco, hashish, to use beads, sing loudly, dance, etc. It is worth to separately note the so-called aggressive wing of Wahhabism/Salafism or the terrorists, field commanders, etc. One of the motives for writing the article is to show readers the fact that radical Islam in North Caucasus is not solely a terrorist activity. It encompasses a much broader spectrum of the society, and at the same time it is much more than a religion. It sets the norms of social behavior and thinking, which in itself limits the formation of subjective attitudes. Exactly the lack of the latter generates the negative trend of their activities, which quite often are used for political actions by the respective forces.

12

„Dzieci kwiaty” w obiektywie dokumentalisty

75%

Kicka M.

Media – Kultura – Komunikacja Społeczna

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2014

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issue 10/2

55-68

EN

This article reviews how the hippie movement was presented in the American documentary cinema of the late 1960s. An analysis of the subculture’s image is made by comparing three of the most representative movies of this subject area, i.e. Monterey Pop (1968, directed by Donn Alan Pennebaker), Woodstock (1970, directed by Michael Wadleigh) and Gimme Shelter (1970, directed by Albert and David Maysles). The author of this article carries out a contextual analysis as well as comparative research in order to define and characterize typical methods of portraying flower children in documentary cinema at those times. Besides the meaning of the films mentioned above, the text also treats the evolution of the hippie movement itself and its influence on the analysed motion pictures’ message.

13

WPŁYW NOWYCH MEDIÓW NA O AKU JAKO SUBKULTURĘ I SPOŁECZNOŚ Ć FANOWSKĄ. ANALIZA NA PRZYKŁADZIE FACEBOOKA

75%

Rybacka A.

Civitas et Lex

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2015

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issue 2(6)

7-18

EN

In this paper the author focuses mainly on the impact of new media on young people – members of subcultures and fan communities. The first part is about the general phenomenon of new media, what includes convergence culture and remix culture. Second part contains information about popculture and its creations – subcultures and fan communities. The author explains here why otaku are a subculture. Third part is about the impact of new media on otaku what is analyzed on Facebook example.

14

Brněnský štatl. Mezi mýtem, subkulturou, zdrojem identity a "obchodní značkou"?

75%

Nosková J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2009

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vol. 96

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issue 4

359-379

EN

The article focuses on the problem of „štatl“ of Brno and its inhabitants, the so called „štatlaři“. The term „štatl“ can signify the city of Brno itself, or the city center, but also a certain type of subculture and, in connection with the term „štatlaři“, the specific group of the inhabitants of Brno. The core of the article consists in the analysis of images and meanings connected with štatl and štatlaři, their image and interpretation in memories and the exploitation of their image at present (commercial use in advertising). Besides štatl, the article also reflects the specific language, the so called “hantec” that is inseparably connected with štatl. The chronological frame of the article is from the 1960s to the present, but it mentions also the so called “Brno stove” (plotna) from the beginning of the twentieth century that is often mentioned in connection with štatl. The methodological basis of research consisted in especial in oral history and analysis of documents. The basic sources for the article were interviews, memoirs and published scientific articles. The results of the analysis should serve on the one hand as contemporary interpretation of life of certain group of people in urban setting during the period of socialism, on the other hand for better understanding of the processes that are connected to the contemporary creation of local identities, as well as commercial use of cultural artifacts.

15

Obraz świata i własnego życia młodego pokolenia – reprezentantów subkultury hip-hopowej i młodzieży niezrzeszonej w subkulturach

75%

Junger A.

Pedagogika Społeczna

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2014 (R. XIII)

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issue 1(51)

127-142

PL

Artykuł ten przedstawia badania porównawcze prowadzone na młodzieży będącej reprezentantami subkultury hip-hopu i młodzieży niezrzeszonej w subkulturach. Koncepcja przeprowadzonych badań opierała się na dwukrotnej rekonstrukcji obrazu współczesnej młodzieży; pierwszej – na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych przez Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej i opublikowanych pod tytułem "Młodzież 2008"i drugiej – na podstawie analizy tekstów utworów hip hopowych oraz graffiti. Istotnym etapem badań było porównanie dwóch uzyskanych w ten sposób obrazów; ogólnego obrazu współczesnej młodzieży wynikającego z badań CBOS i obrazu wynikającego z badań wytworów subkultury hip hopowej. Artykuł przedstawia próbę charakterystyki pokolenia współczesnej młodzieży. Celem badań było ukazanie poglądów, systemu wartości, planów i dążeń młodego pokolenia.

EN

The article relates to a comparative study carried out with representative hip-hop sub-culture and other “unorganized” subcultures. The concept of the studies is based on an image reconstruction gained from a research conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre (CBOS) – Youth 2008”, on the basis of lyrics from hip hop songs and on hip hop graffiti. The paper presents some characteristics of Polish young generation. The aim of this study is to present ideas, morality, plans and aspirations of the younger generation on the basis of hip hop lyrics in comparison with the results of research conducted by CBOS.

16

ПОНЯТІЙНИЙ АПАРАТ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПОЛІКУЛЬТУРНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ АМЕРИКАНСЬКИХ УЧЕНИХ

75%

Лук'янчук С.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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issue 3(47)

90-97

EN

The article explores the conceptual apparatus of the problem of multicultural education in the researches of American scientists. The aim of the article is to analyze the US scientists’ approach to the definition of the main categories of multicultural education. The research has been carried out by means of theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and systematization. The article introduces and defines the major concepts of multicultural education, among them those of culture, subculture, nation, ethnic and racial minorities, cultural pluralism and multicultural competence. In this context the scientific findings of such educators as J. Banks, G. Gay, P. Gorski, K. Grant, and S. Nieto are observed. In American social and pedagogical sciences the notion of culture is dominantly characterized as a dynamic system which combines such things as lifestyle, ethnical, racial, social, and gender identity, national traditions, lifestyle, religious belief, moral and esthetic values, behavioral models, the language of communication, the style of clothes, music, hairstyle and other characteristics, that are shared by the members of a particular group. Analyzing the nature of culture in the USA, J. Banks states that nowadays the United States consists of a shared core culture, which is called the macroculture and many subcultures, which are a part of the core culture and are called microcultures. The research proves that the category of multicultural education still lacks an accurate and clear-cut definition in the US pedagogical literature. But the majority of the scientists admit that it is a process of comprehensive school reform and basic education for all students. It challenges and rejects racism and other forms of discrimination in school and society and accepts and affirms pluralism that the students, their communities and teachers reflect. The major goal of multicultural education is to help the students to develop multicultural competence, that means knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to function within their own microcultures, the US macroculture, other microcultures, and the global community. The practical significance of the research is that its findings may be used for writing textbooks and manuals in the sphere of comparative and foreign pedagogy. The perspective of the further research is investigation of the positive experience of multicultural education at American school.

17

„Som hipster a neviem o tom.“ : pátranie po príznakových estetických hodnotách hipsterstva

75%

Malíčková M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2019

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vol. 106

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issue 1

49-67

EN

The media studies vocabulary has included the word hipster in multiple ways recently and named thus seemingly unrelated phenomena. Our focus is on what puts together this diversity, and to what extent this rhetoric responds to the existing hipster values system that is more a life feeling than style or subculture. The dynamics between life style and subculture identity, dissolution of strong subcultures to tribes, scenes, and so on, or the doubt – denial even – of subculture identity are the motives that hipsterhood implicitly thematizes in the way of its cultural presentation and semantic sedimentation. We are interested mainly in existential semantics of hipsterhood as a life feeling with the stress on its aesthetic qualities, the questioning of the perception of hipsterhood – dissolving semantics of the concept and unclear semantics of the phenomenon that oscillates between a worldview, life style and fashionable trend. Methodological key to the understanding will be the interpretation of tension between the values defined by the dynamics of contradiction.

SK

V mediálnom slovníku sa v poslednom období často skloňujú termíny hipster, hipsterský a to vo veľmi rozmanitých väzbách, na pomenovanie zdanlivo nesúvisiacich fenoménov. Zaujíma nás, čo túto rôznorodosť spája, do akej miery táto rétorika reaguje na existujúci hodnotový systém hipsterstva, azda viac životného pocitu, štýlu než subkultúry. Práve dynamika vzťahu medzi životným štýlom a subkultúrnou identitou, rozpúšťanie silných subkultúr na kmene, scény a podobne, či spochybňovanie až odmietanie subkultúrnej identity sú motívy, ktoré implicitne tematizuje aj hipsterstvo, spôsoby jeho kultúrnej prezentácie a sémantického usádzania. Zaujíma nás teda predovšetkým existenciálna sémantika hipsterstva ako životného pocitu s dôrazom na jeho estetické kvality, problematizácia vnímania hipsterstva – rozplývavá semiotika pojmu a nejasná sémantika fenoménu – v polohách medzi svetonázorom, životným štýlom a módnou vlnou. Metodologickým kľúčom k porozumeniu bude interpretačné preverovanie hodnotového napätia definovaného dynamikou protikladov: subjekt verzus komunita, ultramoderné verzus starobylé, tradícia verzus originalita a novosť, mesto verzus vidiek, túžba po koreňoch a nostalgia za domovom verzus kozmopolitizmus.

18

Konsumpcja w ujęciu studiów kulturowych

75%

Iwasiński Ł.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2016

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issue 1(111)

34-52

EN

PostMarxist perspective perceived consumption primarily as an instrument of alienation. Cultural studies offered a different view. Focusing on using and reconstructing (both symbolic and physical) of goods, they argued that consumption may be a mechanism of authentic expression, a way of articulating consumer’s personal meanings. Cultural studies also demonstrated that consumers, through the process of consumption, can actively manifest their resistance to the market (or any imposed ideology). The paper traces the development of reflection on consumption within cultural studies, deriving from the work of Stuart Hall and Michel De Certeau, through the writings on subcultural and popcultural (in the sense of John Fiske) consumption, to contemporary subversive activities. It reveals the broad application of the notion of consumption for the purpose of describing contemporary social reality. The text discusses the concept of tactics and strategy, incorporation, as well as various forms of subversion. The author illustrates these concepts with observed examples or cases obtained from desk research. The paper examines the opposition potential of consumption, considers the cultural and social changes resulting from certain styles of consumption. It also poses the question of the status of consumer in today’s market. It offers different ways of interpreting the above problems present in the area of cultural studies.

19

SUBKULTUROWE I POSTSUBKULTUROWE POWROTY A RELACJE MIĘDZYPOKOLENIOWE W RODZINIE

71%

Wrzesień W.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2012

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vol. 74

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issue 3

65-74

EN

For many years the activity of youth subcultures have played a significant role in the socialisation process, especially in its secondary stage. The growing up youth, when entering subculture (sub)worlds ‘reinforced’ by the set of school and peer group experiences, positioned themselves against parents and adults, their norms and values, patterns of behaviour and ways of world perception. Subculture activity sharpened the differences between the young and the adult, the youth and the adulthood. Youth subcultures initiated many innovations and changes both within intergenerational relations as well as within the progress of Western civilisation as a whole. In contrast, when years later those ‘old’ subcultures return, they do not have the same features any longer. The differences and divisions between generations in the family disappear and the innovative potential becomes much weaker. The paper is an attempt to take a closer look at selected examples of comebacks of a subculture and their consequences.

PL

Przez wiele lat subkulturowa aktywność młodzieży odgrywała znaczącą rolę w procesie socjalizacji, szczególnie na jej wtórnym etapie. Dorastająca młodzież, wzmocniona wcześniejszymi i równoległymi doświadczeniami wyniesionymi z grup rówieśniczych i szkoły, wkraczając w sfery subkulturowych subświatów, sytuowała się w opozycji do rodziców i dorosłych, ich norm, wartości, wzorów zachowań, ich sposobu postrzegania świata i w nim funkcjonowania. Subkulturowość wyostrzała podziały pomiędzy młodzieżą i młodością a dorosłymi i dorosłością. Subkultury młodzieżowe inicjowały i wyznaczały kierunki przemian zarówno relacji międzypokoleniowych, jak i rozwoju zachodniej cywilizacji. Gdy jednak subkultury młodzieżowe wracały po latach w swoich kolejnych subkulturowych wcieleniach, nierzadko powyżej zasygnalizowany element przestawał w ogóle istnieć. Różnice i podziały pomiędzy pokoleniami w rodzinie zanikały, a innowacyjny potencjał ulegał osłabieniu. Prezentowany artykuł stanowi próbę przyjrzenia się kilku przykładom subkulturowych powrotów i ich konsekwencjom.

20

Moda za żelazną kurtyną. Refleksje wokół książki Anny Pelki o modzie młodzieżowej w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej i Niemieckiej Republice Demokratycznej

63%

Pleskot P.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

|

2016

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vol. 123

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issue 1

PL

Historia mody młodzieżowej za żelazną kurtyną (i szerzej - analiza kultury młodzieżowej w okresie „realnego socjalizmu”) nie jest dziewiczym obszarem badawczym w naukach społecznych, zarówno polskich, jak i niemieckich. Główną zaletą opracowania Anny Pelki Z [politycznym] fasonem. Moda młodzieżowa z PRL i NRD, Gdańsk 2014 jest perspektywa porównawcza w analizowaniu tego zagadnienia. Autem książki jest też dojrzałość badawcza Autorki, która rozumie, że moda ściśle wiązała się z kontekstem społeczno-politycznym, w którym przyszło żyć mieszkańcom NRD i PRL. Dlatego też szczegółowe nieraz opisy ubiorów niepostrzeżenie stają się elementem skomplikowanych zagadnień z obszaru polityki państwowej, działania opozycji, przemian kulturowych czy zjawiska kultury niezależnej.Tematy mody zostały więc potraktowane jako część historii kultury i kontrkultury, ewolucji seksualności i postrzegania płci, jeden z tematów propagandy i cenzury; jedna z bolączek gospodarki nakazowo-rozdzielczej; wreszcie jako klucz do badania sfer wolności w państwach o totalistycznych tendencjach - a wszystko to zanurzone zostało w porównawczym sosie. Ów klucz pozwala autorce penetrować tak z pozoru oddalone od siebie obszary jak np. centralne plany gospodarcze, produkcja specjalistycznych tkanin, światowe dni młodzieży, zjawisko emigracji, koncerty The Rolling Stones i subkultura punkowców.W ten sposób Pelka wpisuje się w bardzo owocny i godny poparcia nurt polskiej historiografii, podchodzący do najnowszej historii Polski niejako „od dołu”: nie od najważniejszych wydarzeń i ewolucji politycznej, lecz od drugorzędnych z pozoru zjawisk społecznych, poprzez które owa „wielka historia” zyskuje nowy wymiar i bogaty kontekst.

EN

The history of youth fashion behind the Iron Curtain (and more extensively - an analysis of youth fashion at the time of “real socialism”) is but no means an unexplored field in the social sciences, both Polish and German. The prime asset of the publication by Anna Pelka: Z [politycznym] fasonem. Moda młodzieżowa z PRL i NRD (Gdańsk 2014) is its comparative perspective of analysing the titular topic. Another merit is the research maturity of the author who appreciates that fashion was closely linked with the socio-political context in which the population of People’s Poland and the GDR lived. This is the reason why the at times detailed descriptions of clothes imperceptibly turned into an element of complex problems from the realm of state policy, the activity of the opposition, cultural transformations or assorted phenomena of independent culture.The topic of fashion has thus been treated as part of the history of culture and counter-culture, the sexual revolution and the perception of sex, as well as one of the themes of propaganda and censorship and the problems faced by the command--and-quota economy, and, finally, as a key for studying the enclaves of freedom in states disclosing totalistic tendencies; the author immersed all these components in a comparative approach. This key also permitted her to penetrate such ostensibly distant domains as central economic plans, the production of special textiles, world youth days, emigration, The Rolling Stones concerts, and punk sub-culture.In this manner Pelka has become part of an extremely prolific current of Polish historiography, worth supporting and approaching the latest history of Poland as if from a grass-roots level, i.e. involving not the most significant events and political evolution but the, at first glance, secondary social phenomena thanks to which “great history” gains a new dimension and an extensive context.

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