Search results - CEJSH

1

Formy samoświadomości u osób po próbach samobójczych

100%

Szałański J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

|

2001

|

vol. 05

2

Suicide Death and the Action of Psychoactive Substances on the Body

85%

Włodarczyk R.

Internal Security

|

2018

|

vol. 10(2)

61-77

EN

This report deals with the possible causes of suicidal death, which is often caused by psychoactive substances. It is not about the impact that damages individual human organs, but about the action that causes changes in an individual’s psyche. Drugs that are taken for various reasons for a long time can cause dependence on them, and sometimes they also lead to the appearance of suicidal thoughts. The author, concerned about the situation of the increasing number of suicides in our country within the last two years, decided to write an article. Mainly, it is targeted at people who often do not realize the possibility of addiction to drugs, the so-called afterburners, alcohol or other psychological means of self-destruction. The case described in the article is aimed at making people aware that addictions take place in different environments, and that individuals with well-being can take their own lives for reasons only known to them. In order to prevent, or at least significantly reduce the number of cases associated with the intake of psychoactive substances, which may also contribute to taking one’s own life, preventive measures are necessary. One should make adults (mainly parents) aware of their unconscious impact on the emergence of addictions to toxic agents on both the physical and mental health of emotionally immature juveniles. The young generation may not see alternatives to a distant future, and it is the duty of those who are responsible for them to show them the sense in continuing their existence.

3

Suicidální reflexe

80%

Hauser M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2009

|

vol. 57

|

issue 3

395-413

EN

This article aims to be a contribution to debate of the typology of the modern and post-modern subject which has once again flared up in connection with the work of Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou. I attempt to show that the subject is connected with a suicidal dimension which creates space marked off from a given context. Firstly I attempt to interpret Benjamin’s paper Charles Baudelaire. Ein Lyriker im Zeitalter des Hochkapitalismus in which suicide is spoken of as the foundation of the modern subject (suicide as “the heroic passion of modernity”). I put Benjamin’s “heroic passion” into the context of the passion that Marx describes in his Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte and in his article Vom Selbstmord. I attempt to define the difference between the Marxist conception of the body, which is wrapped up with this passion, and with the concept of the body in Lacan and Žižek. In the second part I develop the theme of suicide as dislocated space by means of Maurice Blanchot’s book The Writing of the Disaster. Suicidal space is understood as the space of the “neutral” which creates a parallel with Žižek’s “night of the world”. In conclusion I attempt to show that the basis of the modern subject is rather this suicidal space than the “night of the world”. If we interpret the post-modern subject as dwelling in suicidal space, and the modern subject as its overcoming, then the post-modern subject is the basis of the modern subject.

4

Mors voluntaria i literatura rosyjska. Samobójstwo jako akt twórczy, społeczny i polityczny

80%

NDiaye I. A.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2015

|

issue 20

91-102

EN

Suicide is, for centuries, a subject of particular interest in various fields, including philosophy, psychology and sociology. The author of this paper takes the “suicide and literature”, in order to examine selected examples of Russian literature. The analysis has highlighted the importance of a variety of typological models of suicides in literary works, as well as the determinants of suicidal behavior of Russian writers. Taken considerations include the spiritual, creative, social and socio- political aspects.

5

What a Suave Man he Was! […] The Earth Trembled as he Perished Two Polish Suicides: Wołodyjowski – Wokulski

80%

Samborska-Kukuć D., University of Lodz F. o. P., ddsk@wp.pl

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

|

2016

|

vol. 38

|

issue 8

EN

There is more to the literary polemic between the author of The Doll and the creator of The Trilogy than merely Prus’ contradictory review of Sienkiewicz’s With Fire and Sword. It also includes The Doll’s multifarious allusiveness to Fire in the Steppe, manifested in particular in the meaningful, symbolic ending, whereby both protagonists blow themselves up, literally and metaphorically cornered in old buildings. Prus converses with Sienkiewicz in a discreet manner, though the careful reader will spot contentious issues. These include the struggle for a different type of protagonist – not a hero, but an individual entangled in romantic myths, paralysing their life forces; a different perception of the past, rational and fair rather than glorified and martyrological; finally, a different outlook on the present and the future, promoting entrepreneurship and economy as tools for the development of Poland as a European partner, rather than the idealistic focus on the utopian, foregone concepts of military achievements. The text highlights the similarities in the characters of Wokulski and Wołodyjowski, with special emphasis on the final scenes and the demise of the world after the protagonists’ respective disappearance. The two famous literary suicides, patterning after the deed of Ordon as depicted in Mickiewicz’s poem, have been parodied (e.g. by Mrożek) and adopted, thus becoming literary weapons in the struggle with the Polish mythopoeia, xenophobia, and exaggerated patriotism.

6

Eutanazja, pod red. Marka Mozgawy, Wydawnictwo Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa 2015, ss. 407

80%

Felczak J.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2015

|

vol. 24

|

issue 4

7

Právo a medicína ve vztahu k mrtvým tělům (sebevrahů) na přelomu 18. a 19. století

80%

Liepoldová T.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2019

|

vol. 11

|

issue 1

164-176

EN

This study is based on change of attitude of the state and medicine authorities to the voluntary death in the first half of the 19th century. Cooperation between medical professionals and state authorities in the Habsburg monarchy was increasing (for this process I use the concept of medicalization). I try to show how the legal system cooperated with expert medical science and consequently how the results of autopsies influenced the burial place for the body. Forensic medicine approaches were used to determine the cause of a suicide. Pathological findings (for example bone abrasions — especially in the brain, sedimentation in the skull, too much blood in various organs, adhesions etc.) were considered to be the cause of mental illness and as a result, the authorities tended to blame self-inflicted death on insanity. Based on findings from pathological examinations the state authorities decreed that a death body must be buried in sacred ground. Finally, I want to show this ‘shift’ to medicalization and secularisation of voluntary death (in opposition to the traditional attitude toward self-murder) on several specific cases in regions of Litoměřice and Mladá Boleslav in the Kingdom of Bohemia.

8

Porównanie samobójczych zatruć substancjami chemicznymi i lekami w latach 1930–1939 oraz 2010–2019 w materiale Zakładu Medycyny Sądowej w Krakowie

80%

Koziołek W., Komisarz M., Szypuła G., Szczepaniak P., Kanclerz G., Hapkiewicz K., Konopka T.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

|

2021

|

vol. 66

|

issue 4

215–230

EN

The study aims to compare suicide poisoning and poisons used to commit suicide in the 1930s and today. The focus is on autopsy protocols from 1930–1939 and 2010–2019 collected at the Forensic Medicine Institute in Krakow. In the years 1930–1939, there were 184 cases, 65 of which were among men and 119 among women. The most common poisons were corrosives, accounting for 69 cases, 43 were carbon monoxide, 24 were drugs and narcotics, 17 were heavy metals, and the remaining 31 were other substances. Of the 138 suicide poisonings in modern times, 96 were committed by men and 42 by women. The most common poisoning was multi-drug poisoning – 62 cases. Opioids, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics and antidepressants were the most frequently chosen substances today. Fatal intoxications with drugs/new psychoactive substances (NCAs) were observed in 28 cases, while other substances were used in the remaining 17. The conducted analysis showed a significant decrease in suicidal poisoning with the use of corrosive substances and gases, while the percentage of drug overdoses is systematically growing. Poisons used for suicide purposes in the 1930s left macroscopic changes that could be instantly noticed during the autopsy. The fact that drugs that are currently used most often do not leave such changes may justify the dynamic development of forensic toxicology.

9

Suicidální chování a abúzus návykových látek

80%

Záškodná H., Pavlica K.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2010

|

vol. 1

|

issue 2

211-219

EN

Both suicide and drug addiction represent serious health and social problems which occur globally across all cultures, causing devastating effects and loss of life. An overview of the literature and statistics from monitoring centres shows that suicide is associated with many risk factors, including psychopathological symptomatology. This article presents several risk factors and assesses the links between suicide and drug addiction.

10

Legal Qualification of Suicide. Polish Substantive Criminal Law Against Suicide Terrorists

80%

Vachev V.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 67

51-64

EN

The paper examines the question of suicide in the light of Polish criminal law. The starting point of discussion is an analysis of actions leading to one depriving oneself of one’s own life which, at the same time, do not pose any harm to third parties. Here, the paper strives to answer the question whether suicide is legal or illegal in view of criminal law, as well as whether state interference with such actions is possible and justified. These questions serve as the background for the core part of the paper, in which justifications for the criminalization of suicidal acts simultaneously being attacks on third parties, i.e. so-called suicide attacks, are sought. The paper sheds light on the latest anti-terrorist laws and formulates conclusions pertaining to its directions of development, particularly in the field of combating suicide terrorist attacks.

11

Normatywność emocji w sytuacji suicydalnej u dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 12-19 lat

80%

Stradomska M.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

|

2017

|

issue 1(18)

45-52

EN

This article will refers to the normative nature of emotions in the suicidal situation of children and adolescents aged 12-19. Suicides are a huge problem for the 21st century civilization. Many countries have negative birth rates (The World Factbook –Poland: -0,11, 2014), suicide continues to be committed by very young people. The normality of emotion in suicide attempt is worth exploring subject. Suicidal thoughts, attempts or suicide are stigmatized in society - these actions are a departure from accepted principles or norms. Emotions, especially the negative ones, are an inseparable part of the suicide process. Due to the dangers that occur in the present day, it is worth paying attention to preventive and preventive measures directed mainly to the youngest representatives of society.

12

Legal Qualification of Suicide. Polish Substantive Criminal Law Against Suicide Terrorists

80%

Vachev V.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 67

51-64

EN

The paper examines the question of suicide in the light of Polish criminal law. The starting point of discussion is an analysis of actions leading to one depriving oneself of one’s own life which, at the same time, do not pose any harm to third parties. Here, the paper strives to answer the question whether suicide is legal or illegal in view of criminal law, as well as whether state interference with such actions is possible and justified. These questions serve as the background for the core part of the paper, in which justifications for the criminalization of suicidal acts simultaneously being attacks on third parties, i.e. so-called suicide attacks, are sought. The paper sheds light on the latest anti-terrorist laws and formulates conclusions pertaining to its directions of development, particularly in the field of combating suicide terrorist attacks.

13

PEDAGOGICZNE I PSYCHOLOGICZNE UWARUNKOWANIA SAMOBÓJSTW W OKRESIE WCZESNEJ ADOLESCENCJI

80%

STEPULAK M. Z.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

|

2020

|

issue 1

99-111

EN

The article deals with an important problem of suicides committed in a group of young people during early adolescence. Scientific reflection focuses on three basic issues. The first one deals with the characteristics of early adolescence, the second one deals with the problem of suicide, and the third one deals with the specificity of suicide in people in the period of early adolescence. In this context, an urgent need to develop effective prophylaxis and the creation of modern theories and concepts of suicide should be indicated.

14

What a Suave Man he Was! […] The Earth Trembled as he Perished Two Polish Suicides: Wołodyjowski – Wokulski

80%

Samborska-Kukuć D.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

|

2016

|

vol. 38

|

issue 8

5-25

EN

There is more to the literary polemic between the author of The Doll and the creator of The Trilogy than merely Prus’ contradictory review of Sienkiewicz’s With Fire and Sword. It also includes The Doll’s multifarious allusiveness to Fire in the Steppe, manifested in particular in the meaningful, symbolic ending, whereby both protagonists blow themselves up, literally and metaphorically cornered in old buildings. Prus converses with Sienkiewicz in a discreet manner, though the careful reader will spot contentious issues. These include the struggle for a different type of protagonist – not a hero, but an individual entangled in romantic myths, paralysing their life forces; a different perception of the past, rational and fair rather than glorified and martyrological; finally, a different outlook on the present and the future, promoting entrepreneurship and economy as tools for the development of Poland as a European partner, rather than the idealistic focus on the utopian, foregone concepts of military achievements. The text highlights the similarities in the characters of Wokulski and Wołodyjowski, with special emphasis on the final scenes and the demise of the world after the protagonists’ respective disappearance. The two famous literary suicides, patterning after the deed of Ordon as depicted in Mickiewicz’s poem, have been parodied (e.g. by Mrożek) and adopted, thus becoming literary weapons in the struggle with the Polish mythopoeia, xenophobia, and exaggerated patriotism.

15

Pożegnalne listy Mariny Cwietajewej w tłumaczeniach na język polski – unisono czy polifonicznie?

80%

Ojcewicz G.

Acta Neophilologica

|

2021

|

vol. XXIII/1

239-258

EN

The subject of the author’s considerations are three letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva before her death. All three letters were subject to a translation analysis. The author focuses here on transformation procedures in order to discover the strategies applied by each translator and to answer the question: do these renditions create a poetic unison or a translator’s polyphonic version? Following the analysis, it is argued that, by principle, the Polish versions of farewell letters written by Marina Tsvetaeva provide very similar arrangements with regard to their content and form, which leads to the conclusion that these translations represent the poetics in unison. However, at times, especially in the version translated by Anna Piwkowska there is the visible polyphonic tendency of disparities between the target text and the end result.

16

Analysis of the impact of socio-economic factors on the number of suicide cases in European countries

80%

Duchalska A. K.

Przegląd Statystyczny

|

2023

|

vol. 70

|

issue 3

18-36

EN

Suicide rates in Europe have in the recent years reached a disturbingly high level, sparking frequent discussions on the topic of mental health and suicide prevention, which significantly affect not only individuals but also their environment. The aim of this paper was to analyse the impact of the socio-economic situation on suicide rates using panel data analysis. The study presents an overview of the related literature and the definitions of essential terms concerning suicide, as well as the socio-economic factors determining suicide rates. The parameters of a fixed effects model were estimated, interpreted and compared with the results of earlier research. The analysis of the selected dataset showed that GDP per capita and the Gini coefficient have a negative and statistically insignificant impact on suicide rates. On the other hand, the conducted research showed that high divorce and unemployment rates, risk of poverty, social exclusion and excessive alcohol consumption proved to be statistically significant, thus increasing suicide rates.

17

« Mais qui ose en affronter les suites ? » : Emil Cioran et les rapports entre la vanité, le suicide et l ’écriture

71%

Acquisto J.

Quêtes littéraires

|

2018

|

vol. 8

153-165

EN

According to Emil Cioran, every human being is “full of the conviction that all is vain.” But Cioran wonder immediately after indicating that universal rec-ognition of vanity: “But who dares to face the consequences?” How does the writing voice in Cioran associate with and distinguish himself from this generalized humanity? And what should our reaction to the vanity of all things be? We could be tempted to say that destruction, and self-destruction above all, seems to be the most reasona-ble reaction. Although Cioran writes in a near-obsessional way about suicide, he does not ultimately recommend it as a solution to vanity precisely because vanity resists all solutions. The writer is thus in a contradictory position: what would be the use of de-claring the vanity of all things if that declaration only participates in that same vanity? The act of publishing books is not, according to Cioran, more effective than suicide as far as the attenuation of vanity is concerned, but reading and writing as simultaneous creation and destruction allow us to forget vanity at least enough to continue living.

FR

Selon Emil Cioran, tout être humain est « imbu de la conviction que tout est vain ». Par contre, Cioran se demande tout de suite après avoir indiqué cette reconnaissance universelle de la vanité : « Mais qui ose en affronter les suites ? ». En quoi l ’écrivain cioranien s ’associe-t-il à cette humanité généralisée et en quoi est-ce qu ’il s ’en distingue ? Quelle doit être notre réaction alors, face à la vanité de tout ? On pourrait être tenté de dire que la destruction, et surtout l ’autodestruction, semble être la ré-action la plus raisonnée. Bien que Cioran écrive de manière quasi-obsession-nelle sur le thème du suicide, il n ’arrive pas à le recommander comme solution à la vanité justement parce que la vanité résiste à toute solution. L ’écrivain se voit ainsi dans une position contradictoire, car à quoi sert-il de déclarer la vanité de tout si cette déclaration ne fait que participer à cette même vanité ? L ’acte de publier des livres n ’est pas, selon Cioran, plus efficace que le suicide en ce qui concerne l ’atténuation de la vanité, mais l ’écriture et la lecture en tant que créa-tion et destruction simultanées nous permettent d ’oublier la vanité au moins assez pour continuer à vivre.

18

Problematyka samobójstw w ujęciu Marii Jarosz

71%

Czabański A., Mariański J.

Teologia i Moralność

|

2018

|

vol. 13

|

issue 2(24)

225-241

EN

The article describes the scientific achievements of Maria Jarosz, who is considered one of the most distinguished female suicide researches in Poland. Maria Jarosz, using data from the Central Statistical Office, made unique and insightful analysis of the suicide phenomenon. In her research, she associated the phenomenon of suicide with macro-social phenomena, such as the economic crisis, unemployment , changes in lifestyles in urban and rural environments.

PL

Artykuł opisuje dorobek naukowy Marii Jarosz, która uchodziła za jedną z najważniejszych badaczek problematyki samobójstw w Polsce. Maria Jarosz korzystając z danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego dokonała unikalnych i wnikliwych analiz zjawiska samobójstw. W swoich badaniach wiązała fenomen samobójstwa ze zjawiskami makrospołecznymi, takimi jak kryzys gospodarczy, bezrobocie, przemiany stylów życia w środowiskach miejskich i wiejskich.

19

Les tourments de l’absence dans Gazole de Bertrand Gervais

71%

Kapołka K.

Quêtes littéraires

|

2012

|

issue 2

152-161

EN

In his novel entitled Gazole (2001), Bertrand Gervais, a Quebec writer, takes up the issue of suicide and its psychological and social impact. The main character, Lancelot Tremblay, whose job is to write lyrics for a rock band Le Livre des Morts (Eng. The Book of the Dead), hangs himself in his apartment. His naked body with an erect penis is discovered by the other members of the band Gazole and Pyramide. Their reactions to this deadly act are, however, different. Submerging himself in mourning, Pyramide withdraws emotionally from his relationship with his girlfriend Gazole, who, deeply touched by her partner’s newly developed indifference to her, delves into an investigation into the causes of Lancelot’s suicide. Being increasingly fascinated by the figure of Lancelot, Gazole reconstructs a new picture of him. Pieces of memories conjured up by those who knew Lancelot, like incomplete pieces of a puzzle, make Gazole form a romantic image of his absence. The mysterious and tragic figure of the young poet who chose to extinguish himself fires the woman’s imagination, who fantasizes about a sentimental and erotic relationship with him. An emptiness created by the suicide forces the woman to ponder over the nature of death, an eternal absence. Obsessed with this imaginary presence of Lanelot, Gazole has to set herself free from its influence, which causes her to flirt with a razorblade in a bathtub. The foray into Lancelot’s suicide gives Gazole an insight into her own true identity. Gazole discovers her internal feminine strength and frees herself from the shackles of Lancelot’s mental and sexual hold.

FR

In his novel entitled Gazole (2001), Bertrand Gervais, a Quebec writer, takes up the issue of suicide and its psychological and social impact. The main character, Lancelot Tremblay, whose job is to write lyrics for a rock band Le Livre des Morts (Eng. The Book of the Dead), hangs himself in his apartment. His naked body with an erect penis is discovered by the other members of the band Gazole and Pyramide. Their reactions to this deadly act are, however, different. Submerging himself in mourning, Pyramide withdraws emotionally from his relationship with his girlfriend Gazole, who, deeply touched by her partner’s newly developed indifference to her, delves into an investigation into the causes of Lancelot’s suicide. Being increasingly fascinated by the figure of Lancelot, Gazole reconstructs a new picture of him. Pieces of memories conjured up by those who knew Lancelot, like incomplete pieces of a puzzle, make Gazole form a romantic image of his absence. The mysterious and tragic figure of the young poet who chose to extinguish himself fires the woman’s imagination, who fantasizes about a sentimental and erotic relationship with him. An emptiness created by the suicide forces the woman to ponder over the nature of death, an eternal absence. Obsessed with this imaginary presence of Lancelot, Gazole has to set herself free from its influence, which causes her to flirt with a razorblade in a bathtub. The foray into Lancelot’s suicide gives Gazole an insight into her own true identity. Gazole discovers her internal feminine strength and frees herself from the shackles of Lancelot’s mental and sexual hold.

20

The role of problem-solving styles in committing suicidal behavior: a case-control study on Iranian pill-takers

70%

Sheikhli N., Rezaei S., Mousavi, Seyyed Vali allah

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2019

|

vol. 50

|

issue 1

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