Search results

1

Nové zistenia k stredovekému meču z Gajár

100%

Čambal R., Môc R., Beronská N., Dvorák T., Ritterová B.

Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia

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2023

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issue 117

233-251

EN

One-handed sword from the site Posádka near Gajary was found during dam construction at the Morava River and originally was associated with a Hussite fortress from the mid-15th century that protected a ford across the river. The sword was documented using X-ray imaging, the blade to XRF analysis and metallographic analysis. The blade bears two marks – a Calvary cross and a floral motif – of inlaid brass. Metallographic analysis of the blade showed that its makeup was that of a soft core wrapped in a steel coat. The sword production process was experimentally reconstructed. Based on period iconographical sources, the sword is being dated to the second half of the 13th century. It is likely a relic of the Battle on the Marchfeld, between King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Roman Emperor Rudolph I Habsburg that took place on August 26 1278.

2

Jednosieczny miecz ze scytyjskiego grobu koło Myrne, stepy ukraińskie

100%

Shelekhan O.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2016

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vol. 21

415-435

PL

This paper analyses a unique single-edged sword recovered from the Scythian grave 2, barrow 2, excavated near the village of Myrne in the Kherson Region, and provides typological and chronological analyses of similar artefacts from the North Pontic region. The paper also looks at the origin of such swords.

3

A unique Parthian sword in the Bonyad-e Mostazafan Museum

100%

KARAMIAN G., FARROKH K.

Historia i Świat

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2019

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issue 8

211-214

EN

This study is going to introduce one of the unique and less known Parthian sword which have not been released to public for purpose of exhibit and study so far.

4

A Long Time Ago in a Library Far, Far Away ... The Adventures of theGladiatoriaManuscript from New Haven

88%

Hagedorn D.

Acta Periodica Duellatorum

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2015

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vol. 2015

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issue 1

183-208

EN

In this paper I will describe the adventurous history of an important late medieval German fechtbuch-a fighting manual-that belongs to a number of manuscripts known as the Gladiatoria group. In the beginning, the extent and the characteristics of this group of codices are explained; later on I will deal with one specific specimen that formerly belonged to a library in Germany-the Herzogliche Bibliothek in Gotha-from where it vanished during or after World War II. Until quite recently this manuscript was believed to be lost. I was able to identify a Gladiatoria manuscript from the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, as that missing manuscript. The article presents a detailed description of the manuscript; it follows the path of the many places the codex passed through from the days of its creation until the present time; it offers a thorough line of argument that proves on one hand that the manuscript from New Haven is in fact identical to the one that disappeared from Gotha, and that verifies on the other hand an assumption by the renowned researcher Hans-Peter Hils that it is identical to yet another believed-to-be-lost manuscript that was sold by auction in Heidelberg in the 1950s and 1960s as single leaves; and finally it makes an attempt to reconstruct the original structure of the manuscript after it had been pulled apart.

5

Preliminary reports of the late Parthian or early Sassanian relief at Panj-e Ali, the Parthian relief at Andika and examinations of late Parthian swords and daggers

75%

FARROKH K., KARAMIAN G., DELFAN M., ASTARAKI F.

Historia i Świat

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2016

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issue 5

31-55

EN

This article examines recent archaeological excavations with respect to two Parthian reliefs and an examination of Parthian blade weapons (swords, daggers). The first archaeological site examined is the late Parthian or early Sassanian cavalry motif in the town of Koohdasht in western Iran’s Lorestan province. The Koohdasht motif is comparable to late Parthian and early Sassanian cavalry reliefs such as the Parthian relief of Gōdarz II in Bīstūn and Sassanian reliefs such as those of Ardašīr I in Fīrūzābād and the Sassanian cavalry relief panels in Naqš-e Rostam. The second site pertains to the recent discovery of the Parthian relief at Andika in Khuzestan depicting a Parthian nobleman lying sideways, leaning on his left elbow, as he holds a branch with his left hand. The theme of the Andika relief has parallels with Tang-e Sarvak (Block II) and the Tina mountain relief in Khuzestan. The third domain, which pertains to Parthian militaria is an examination of late Parthian swords and daggers housed in the Iran Bastan Museum in Tehran.

6

Ponownie o wczesnośredniowiecznym mieczu wyłowionym z Zalewu Szczecińskiego

63%

Pudło P.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2011

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vol. 8

165-178

EN

This article discusses typological and chronological issues relating to an unusual sword recovered from the Szczecin Lagoon. The likely origins of the weapon are considered with comparative objects bearing similar characteristics.

7

‘A Marriage of the Aegean and the Orient’. Bronzes of the Siana Group Reconsidered

63%

Roháček M.

Studia Hercynia

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 2

52-82

EN

The material culture of the so -called Eastern Aegean–Western Anatolian Interface during the Late Bronze Age has so far been analysed mainly through the prism of ceramic production and funerary evidence. Both of these classes of evidence indicate its special character. To test this proposition, this contribution focuses on a group of possibly indigenous metal finds. In particular, discussed here is the so -called Siana Group of flanged swords and knives with a characteristic narrow tang at the end of the handle. They were first categorised by Nancy Sandars in 1963 and show an interesting mixture of Aegean and Near Eastern typological traits. Both the Siana swords and the Siana knives occur almost exclusively in the Eastern Aegean–Western Anatolian Interface, although some of the knives have been found also outside this particular region. The Siana Group, originally dated to LH IIIB–IIIC, can now be more securely dated to the LH IIIA2–IIIB periods. It seems that most of these metals came from graves, while some knives were retrieved from settlement contexts as well. It is argued here that this group presents a unique local product of the area of the Eastern Aegean–Western Anatolian Interface, incorporating and transforming both Aegean and Near Eastern influences. Moreover, other examples of earlier or contemporary Western Anatolian finds of swords that have shapes that did not typically occur in the Aegean are presented here as well, as they illustrate the local background of weapon styles the LH II/III turn in the area.

8

Technologia wykonania miecza i czekana odnalezionych w reliktach mostu prowadzącego na wyspę Ledniczkę na jeziorze Lednica w świetle badań archeometalurgicznych

63%

Kucypera P., Pydyn A., Popek M., Lewek K.

Studia Lednickie

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2021

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vol. 20

99-123

EN

Two early medieval weapons discovered within the relics of the Ledniczka bridge on Lake Lednica were subjected to non-invasive archaeometallurgical investigations. The conducted analyses allowed to determine the methods of their manufacture, as well as the characteristics of materials that were used in their making. Each specimen was a composite product forged from iron alloys of varying properties. Both the sword and the hammer axe were richly decorated with ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The research allowed in most parts to recreate the original appearance of these ornaments.

PL

Dwa egzemplarze wczesnośredniowiecznej broni odnalezione w reliktach mostu wiodącego na wyspę Ledniczkę na jeziorze Lednica zostały poddane nieinwazyjnym badaniom archeometalurgicznym. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły na ustalenie metod fabrykacji oręża oraz określenie materiałów, które wykorzystano do jego wykonania. Oba przedmioty są wyrobami kompozytowymi odkutymi ze stopów żelaza o różnych właściwościach. Zarówno miecz, jak i czekan były bogato zdobione metalami żelaznymi i nieżelaznymi. Wykonane badania pozwoliły w większości na odtworzenie pierwotnego wyglądu tych ornamentów.

9

Rola wojen i konfliktów w kształtowaniu ładu europejskiego w średniowieczu

63%

Iwańczak W.

Studia Maritima

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2016

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vol. 29

63-80

EN

It is rather difficult to reduce a thousand years of medieval wars and conflicts to one universal formula, because the whole thing is complex, and the attitude towards war used to be different in the past from what it is now. Wars and conflicts were thought to be connected to a fight for survival and power. In the Middle Ages the idea of total war was not known, nobody strove to annihilate their opponents. The purpose of most wars was to weaken the enemy or to get a good ransom. For a significant part of the Middle Ages the dominating military unit was the cavalry formed by the knighthood that later metamorphosed into the gentry. At the end of that period the structure of the army changed, and infantry and mercenaries became the most important parts of the army. Military service was compulsory for the vassal; yet, the recruitment among peasants played an important role, too. It may seem curious but war was treated as a kind of entertainment, as a cure for boredom, and it was the atmosphere which created the whole culture and ethics of knighthood. The basic rules of the medieval doctrine stipulated a good military preparation in order to keep the peace, the weaker were not right. The basis of a stable state was the army. It was accepted to stand up to a tyrant or an unjust sovereign that had been acting against his nation. In the Christian doctrine there were notions of a saint war (which later changed into a crusade) and of a just war. According to Saint Augustine war was a punishment for sins and crimes. The army often served the Church; it was the concept of ‘militis Christi’. The European order was thought to depend on the military power, and – to a significant degree – on the military propaganda. Theoretical aspects of armed conflicts and the problem of a just war were popular subjects in Poland; those questions were investigated by – among others – Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic.

PL

1000 lat wojen i konfliktów średniowiecznych trudno ująć w jedną uniwersalną formułę, gdyż rzecz jest złożona, a stosunek do wojny w tamtej epoce było dość odmienny od dzisiejszego. Uważano, że wojna i konflikty wiążą się zazwyczaj z walką o panowanie i władzę. Średniowiecze nie znało jednak pojęcia wojny totalnej, nie dążono do wyniszczenia i zlikwidowania przeciwnika. Dużo wojen miało na celu wyniszczenie wroga lub uzyskanie dobrego okupu. Dominującą formacją przez znaczną część średniowiecza była konnica formowana przez rycerstwo, które później przeobraziło się w szlachtę. Schyłek epoki charakteryzowała już nowa struktura armii, gdzie większą rolę odgrywała piechota oraz wojsko najemne. Służba wojskowa była obowiązkiem wasala wobec seniora, ale ważną rolę odgrywali też w wojsku chłopi. Ciekawe, że wojnę traktowano często na pograniczu rozrywki, jako lekarstwo na nudę, w tym klimacie wytworzyła się cała kultura i etyka rycerska. Podstawowe reguły doktryny średniowiecznej zalecały dobre przygotowanie militarne dla utrzymania pokoju, słabi nie mieli racji. Podstawą stabilnego państwa było wojsko. Uznawano prawo do przeciwstawienia się tyranowi, władcy niesprawiedliwemu, który działał przeciw swojemu narodowi. W myśli chrześcijańskiej odróżniano wojnę świętą (która z czasem przybrała formę krucjat) oraz sprawiedliwą. Według św. Augustyna wojna była karą za grzechy i zbrodnie. Wojsko występowało często w służbie Kościoła i była to koncepcja „militis Christi”. Uważano, że ład europejski zależy od siły wojskowej, ale w znacznym stopniu także od propagandy wojennej. W Polsce interesowano się również teoretycznymi aspektami konfliktów zbrojnych i problemami wojny sprawiedliwej, co badali m.in. Stanisław ze Skarbimierza i Paweł Włodkowic.

10

The Sword with the Sleeve Cross-Guard in the Fresco from the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on Aghtamar Island

51%

D’Amato R., Dymydyuk D.

Studia Ceranea

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2021

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vol. 11

107-144

EN

There is an indisputable fact that in Medieval Armenia, as in most countries of the Middle Ages, the sword was a popular (but expensive) type of weapon. However, what did these “swords” look like? The aim of the article is to analyse one internal fresco called “Massacre of the Innocents” from Aghtamar Church (915–921), where a depiction of the sword with the sleeve cross-guard could be found.Comparisons of the known archaeological finds of “Byzantine” type swords from Eastern Europe and Near East have been made, proving the idea that such type of swords actually existed. The authors, with the following analysis, would like to support the idea that medieval figurative sources are a very accurate for studying medieval military history.

11

ZNAK NA KOŃCOWCE PASA WOJOWNIKA Z BODZI. INTERPRETACJA MOTYWU

51%

Duczko W.

Archeologia Polski

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2018

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vol. 63

145-157

EN

Excavation of the early medieval cemetery at Bodzia north of Włocławek uncovered the grave of a warrior who had been buried with his belt and sword. The belt had a strap-end with engraved marks, among which the author has identified letters of the Glagolitic script and the bident sign of the Rurikids. The mark at the top of the right prong of the bident, once considered to be a cross, gave rise to the author’s original hypothesis that the bident represented Svyatopolk, son-in-law of king Boleslaus the Brave. The mark at the top of the prong has now been identified as the hammer of Mjolnir, a symbol of the Norse god Thor, leading the author to retract his original interpretation.

12

Miecze średniowieczne z Pomorza Wschodniego

51%

Świętosławski W.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2019

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vol. Tom XXVIII

s. 153-182

EN

Few medieval swords have been found in Eastern Pomerania, in comparison with other areas of the old Polish state. No sword has been found which dates to the earlier part of the Middle Ages. The 6 oldest swords, dated to the 11th and 12th centuries, were discovered in graves. Some are beautifully decorated. Suggestions about where they were produced are not convincing. Analogies are known from Western Europe, Scandinavia and the Baltic states, which were inhabited in the early Middle Ages by the Prussians. 5 swords from the 13th to the 15th centuries are random finds. Two of them bear the mark of a "running wolf". On one there is an inscription which has been differently read by different researchers. There is no analogy so far. Also discovered were 5 scabbard chapes. In three cases the technology employed in producing these swords was examined. One of them turned out to be a 19th century copy. The two authentic ones were made by bonding soft and hard iron rods. Finds of swords are concentrated in three parts of Eastern Pomerania, the three most important regions of settlement in this part of Poland.

Refine search results

Nové zistenia k stredovekému meču z Gajár

Jednosieczny miecz ze scytyjskiego grobu koło Myrne, stepy ukraińskie

A unique Parthian sword in the Bonyad-e Mostazafan Museum

A Long Time Ago in a Library Far, Far Away ... The Adventures of theGladiatoriaManuscript from New Haven

Preliminary reports of the late Parthian or early Sassanian relief at Panj-e Ali, the Parthian relief at Andika and examinations of late Parthian swords and daggers

Ponownie o wczesnośredniowiecznym mieczu wyłowionym z Zalewu Szczecińskiego

‘A Marriage of the Aegean and the Orient’. Bronzes of the Siana Group Reconsidered

Technologia wykonania miecza i czekana odnalezionych w reliktach mostu prowadzącego na wyspę Ledniczkę na jeziorze Lednica w świetle badań archeometalurgicznych

Rola wojen i konfliktów w kształtowaniu ładu europejskiego w średniowieczu

The Sword with the Sleeve Cross-Guard in the Fresco from the Cathedral of the Holy Cross on Aghtamar Island

ZNAK NA KOŃCOWCE PASA WOJOWNIKA Z BODZI. INTERPRETACJA MOTYWU

Miecze średniowieczne z Pomorza Wschodniego