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EN
The study introduces a system analysis approach to Kinetic School Drawings (KSD) in a theoretical frame which approaches drawings as fragments of expressive behaviour. After reviewing literature, it describes the application of the Seven-Step Configuration Analysis (SSCA) on Kinetic School Drawings. The SSCA consists of context analysis, process analysis, phenomenological, intuitive, global and item analysis. The six steps are followed by a seventh phase, which synthesises configurations of phenomena and meanings. The objective of the paper is the description of a practical method for the clinician which avoids mechanistic and dictionary-like interpretations. The application of the SSCA results in a semantic network of meanings which is inherently individual and provides deep understanding of the child. The study also summarises some conclusions of the latest Hungarian studies on the KSD (n=356).
EN
System-based research remains an important yet usually outdated and internally contradictory approach in political science and international relations. Based on concepts borrowed from physiology, cybernetics, and general system theory, the system-based approach popularised in the 1960s was cast away as outdated and ill-focused. Despite those systems, the theory was developed in natural sciences, eventually creating a paradigm more applicable to domestic and international politics. The weakest element of past systems (like the one proposed by D. Easton) was that they did not allow for a sudden and catastrophic transformation and lacked emergence. This paper aims to present a model that would allow for the system’s ordinary and catastrophic transformation. The complex adaptive system features were defined using relevant literature on a paradigm of complexity. Connecting it with the propositions of D. Easton, R. Axelrod, and M. Cohen, as well as R. Jervis, such a model was constructed. The theoretical introduction is supplanted with a general case study of the early phases of the Arab Spring in Tunisia. The model mirrors the complex systems’ dynamics, considering the agent-structure problem.
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EN
National safety system is an important element ensuring safe functioning of the state and its citizens. For this reason it is and has to be subjected to permanent identyfication and analysis covering various aspects. Identyfication in the field of real and possible treats to national safety is increasing. For the overall observation of how national safety system operates, the best seems to be a system analysis, which also make it possible to search for, construct and evaluate solutions for the near and further future in a more rational way.
PL
Do aktów samospalenia dochodzi od tysięcy lat, a zjawisko swoje najsilniejsze ognisko posiada w Azji. Globalizacja i unifikacja sprzyjają błyskawicznemu przekazywaniu informacji. Do samospaleń dochodzi również poza systemem, wobec którego samospaleniec występuje w formie protestu, o czym może dowiedzieć się opinia publiczna na świecie i w systemie, którego protest dotyczy. Wbrew obiegowym opiniom, samospaleń dokonuje się przede wszystkim z przyczyn politycznych i społecznych, głęboko altruistycznych, a nie jak to proponują rozumieć przedstawiciele reżimów niedemokratycznych z powodu chorób psychicznych i społecznego niedostosowania ofiar. Zjawisko samospaleń z przyczyn politycznych zasługuje na systematyczną obserwację i analizę ze strony przedstawicieli nauk o polityce, gdyż podobnie jak miało to miejsce w Tunezji (2010), samospalenie może być znakiem głębokich przemian politycznych na obszarze wielu państw. Samospalenia wywoływane są przez rządzących i posiadających władzę w różnych wymiarach życia poprzez łamanie praw człowieka.
EN
In this paper an author highlight that political self-immolation has been occurring for nearly two thousand years and the main center of this phenomenon is in Asia. Unification of attitudes and globalization are factors that in a flash spread information around the world. This means that about self-immolation everyone, potentially, know in a minute after it occur. Against common knowledge self-immolation are done because of socio-political reasons, deeply altruistic and not because of psychological reasons or unadjustedness of self-immolators as proposed by representatives of nondemocratic regimes. Self-immolation phenomenon is worth of permanent observation by political scientists as they may lead to political changes of great importance as it was in Tunisia (2010). Those who have power and authority by breaking human rights are responsible for self-immolation acts.
EN
The article uses the method of system analysis to analyse the vision of society outlined in the encyclical “Rerum Novarum” by Leo XIII. The system analysis concerned the identification and problem analysis with elements of mathematical analysis (according to the Konieczny division). In the course of the analysis, used were the concepts developed at the Polish School of Cybernetics, the main representatives of which were Mazur and Kossecki. The basics of system analysis, autonomous systems were presented and the division into systems was made for further analysis. System energy/material processes in terms of energy, power and freedom factor of the systems as well as the information processes in terms of social norms were taken into account. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the system of social control proposed by Pope Leo XIII assumes primacy of ideological norms (Catholicism) and ethical norms, with simultaneous occurrence of economic and vital norms. The system of society proposed by Pope Leo XIII is coherent, resistant to disturbances and striving for effective expansion, and what is more, it solves a given social problem. The weakness of that system is susceptibility to ideological indifference, weakening ethics and disturbing the process of ideological and ethical programming. The implementation of ideological and ethical norms into the society takes place mainly through the educational process. Further research possibilities and limitations of the tools used were also indicated.
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